See harrow in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "disc harrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "power harrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rest-harrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ridge harrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "road harrow"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hearwa"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hearwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harfr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harve",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Danish harve (“harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hark",
"3": "",
"4": "rake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hark (“rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hergian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hergian",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harwe, harow, from Old English *hearwa (perhaps ultimately cognate with harvest), or from Old Norse harfr/herfi; compare Danish harve (“harrow”), Dutch hark (“rake”). Akin to Latin carpere. According to the OED, the verb senses are partly derived from the noun sense, partly from a by-form of the verb harry, itself from Old English hergian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harrows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow (plural harrows)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "spring-tooth harrow"
}
],
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Louise & Aylmer Maude, Anna Karenina, Oxford, translation of original by Leo Tolstoy, published 1998, page 153:",
"text": "He sent for the carpenter, who was under contract to be with the threshing-machine, but it turned out that he was mending the harrows, which should have been mended the week before Lent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter X:",
"text": "“It may be fun for her,” I said with one of my bitter laughs, “but it isn't so diverting for the unfortunate toads beneath the harrow whom she plunges so ruthlessly in the soup.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Bessie Head, When Rain Clouds Gather, Heinemann, published 1995, page 28:",
"text": "Part of your job would be to learn tractor ploughing and the use of planters, harrows, and cultivators.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-noun-jSclKE5P",
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"teeth",
"tooth"
],
[
"drag",
"drag"
],
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
],
[
"break up",
"break up"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"weed",
"weed"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"plow",
"plow"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "device",
"word": "eg"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ê"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lesë"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shqezë"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarrāfa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَرّافَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāsiḥa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَاسِحَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mislafa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مِسْلَفَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tapʻan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "տափան"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "moi",
"sense": "device",
"word": "মৈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "device",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "device",
"word": "dırmıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baraná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барана́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"roman": "hēṅgā",
"sense": "device",
"word": "हेंगा"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brána",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бра́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htwan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ထွန်"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "bornoj",
"sense": "device",
"word": "борной"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rascle"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esterrossadora"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bà",
"sense": "device",
"word": "耙"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chào",
"sense": "device",
"word": "耖"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "harow"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "brány"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "harve"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "eg"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "egge"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "device",
"word": "erpilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "äke"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "harva"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "äes"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grade"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parcxi",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ფარცხი"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Egge"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "svárna",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σβάρνα"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "volokópos",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βωλοκόπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "agreîphna",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀγρεῖφνα"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "device",
"word": "מַשׁדֵדָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "heṅgā",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हेंगा"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hairo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "हैरो"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "borona"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "herfi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "device",
"word": "herso"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "astava"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "vedra"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath fhuirste"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bráca"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erpice"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frangizolle"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "まぐわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa",
"sense": "device",
"word": "馬鍬"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa",
"sense": "device",
"word": "マグワ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "boorn",
"sense": "device",
"word": "боорн"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "bróna"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мала"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tyrma",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырма"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rɔnoah",
"sense": "device",
"word": "រនាស់"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseore",
"sense": "device",
"word": "써레"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мала"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tırmook",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмоок"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tırmooc",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмооч"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khāt",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ຄາດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ecieža"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hirpex"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ecēšas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "ġar",
"sense": "device",
"word": "гъар"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akėčios"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Éig"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "brána",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бра́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "device",
"word": "garu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "device",
"word": "rakaraka"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "device",
"word": "rakuraku"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "device",
"word": "harwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bornoj",
"sense": "device",
"word": "борной"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akʼinaalzhoodí"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akʼinaʼalzhoodí"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hèrche"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "harv"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horv"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kolux-šekan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "کلوخشکن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Äajd"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bornă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brona"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ancinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "grade"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grapă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boroná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борона́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрљача"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "брана"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "drljača"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "brana"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "brány"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brana"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brona"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "tïrmuuš",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмууш"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grada"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rastra"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "escarificador"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "harv"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tab",
"lang": "Tabasaran",
"roman": "ġar",
"sense": "device",
"word": "гъар"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "mola",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мола"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sixmola",
"sense": "device",
"word": "сихмола"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dandona",
"sense": "device",
"word": "дандона"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "krâat",
"sense": "device",
"word": "คราด"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "tırmık"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "device",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "usy",
"sense": "device",
"word": "усы"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boroná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борона́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "device",
"word": "borona"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "device",
"word": "sixmola"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "àrpega"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "bừa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "îpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "yesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "seracuze"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "og"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oged"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 30 21 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 11 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 34 10 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 13 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 14 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 14 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lezgi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 32 13 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 12 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 45 9 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-noun-weYVBVE4",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg/En-us-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Harrow (tool)"
],
"word": "harrow"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "harrowing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "harrowing of hell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "harrow up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hearwa"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hearwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harfr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harve",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Danish harve (“harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hark",
"3": "",
"4": "rake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hark (“rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hergian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hergian",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harwe, harow, from Old English *hearwa (perhaps ultimately cognate with harvest), or from Old Norse harfr/herfi; compare Danish harve (“harrow”), Dutch hark (“rake”). Akin to Latin carpere. According to the OED, the verb senses are partly derived from the noun sense, partly from a by-form of the verb harry, itself from Old English hergian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harrows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow (third-person singular simple present harrows, present participle harrowing, simple past and past participle harrowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 30 21 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 11 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 13 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 14 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 14 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lezgi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 32 13 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 12 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 39:10:",
"text": "Will he harrow the valleys after thee?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:",
"text": "When the corn was sown, I had no harrow, but was forced to go over it myself, and drag a great heavy bough of a tree over it, to scratch it, as it may be called, rather than rake or harrow it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-verb-muGViHtn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eg"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "retobatiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baranavácʹ",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "баранава́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "branuvam",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бранувам"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htwan",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ထွန်"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rasclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bà",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "耙"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "klosya"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eggen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "erpi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harva"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "äestää"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "herser"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "gradar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "riscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eggen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "svarnízo",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "σβαρνίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "volokopó",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "βωλοκοπώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "boronál"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "herfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "hersagar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "astavoija"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "erpicare"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa wo kakeru",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "まぐわをかける"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "occō"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "branósuva",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "брано́сува"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vláči",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "вла́чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rakaraka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rakuraku"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bornojdox",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "борнойдох"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "hèrchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harve"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harve"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "horve"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taramak",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "طرامق"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ai̯vlåconĕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bronować"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ancinhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boronítʹ",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "борони́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "escarificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harva"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 0 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boronuváty",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боронува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "It harrows me with fear and wonder.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:",
"text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord / VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood, / Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres, / Thy knotty and combined locks to part, / And each particular haire to ſtand an end, / Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:",
"text": "The headless horseman harrowed Ichabod Crane as he tried to reach the bridge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To traumatize or disturb; to frighten or torment."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-verb-9uiCy9vC",
"links": [
[
"traumatize",
"traumatize"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To traumatize or disturb; to frighten or torment."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anguish"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"word": "vex"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "grevya"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "doen schrikken"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "angst aanjagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "pelotella"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "vaivata"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "peinigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vasanízo",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "βασανίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "travmatízo",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "kínoz"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "gyötör"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "zaklat"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trevóžitʹ",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трево́жить"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terzátʹ",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "терза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "atormentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 83 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "asaetear"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 31 11 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 12 10 10",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1707, Nicholas Rowe, The Royal Convert:",
"text": "my aged muscles harrow'd up with whips",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To break or tear, as if with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-verb-en:to_distress",
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
],
[
"lacerate",
"lacerate"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To break or tear, as if with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex."
],
"senseid": [
"en:to distress"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "damage"
},
{
"word": "harm"
},
{
"word": "torture"
},
{
"word": "harm"
},
{
"word": "hurt"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Harrow (tool)"
],
"word": "harrow"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harrow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "haro"
},
"expansion": "Old French haro",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*harot"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *harot",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "herod"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon herod",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "herot"
},
"expansion": "Old High German herot",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hare"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harrow, harrowe, haro, from Old French haro, harou, harau, harol, from Frankish *harot, *hara (“here; hither”), from *hēr. Akin to Old Saxon herod, Old High German herot, Middle Dutch hare.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 31 13 5 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 30 15 3 2 1",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 29 13 5 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 16 9 1 22 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 19 15 17 16 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Harrow, the flames, which me consume (said hee) / Ne can be quencht, within my secret bowels bee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A call for help, or of distress, alarm etc."
],
"id": "en-harrow-en-intj--8USRblA",
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A call for help, or of distress, alarm etc."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg.mp3",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "harrow"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bhojpuri translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Buryat translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tabasaran translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Fear",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "disc harrow"
},
{
"word": "power harrow"
},
{
"word": "rest-harrow"
},
{
"word": "ridge harrow"
},
{
"word": "road harrow"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hearwa"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hearwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harfr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harve",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Danish harve (“harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hark",
"3": "",
"4": "rake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hark (“rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hergian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hergian",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harwe, harow, from Old English *hearwa (perhaps ultimately cognate with harvest), or from Old Norse harfr/herfi; compare Danish harve (“harrow”), Dutch hark (“rake”). Akin to Latin carpere. According to the OED, the verb senses are partly derived from the noun sense, partly from a by-form of the verb harry, itself from Old English hergian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harrows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow (plural harrows)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spring-tooth harrow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Louise & Aylmer Maude, Anna Karenina, Oxford, translation of original by Leo Tolstoy, published 1998, page 153:",
"text": "He sent for the carpenter, who was under contract to be with the threshing-machine, but it turned out that he was mending the harrows, which should have been mended the week before Lent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter X:",
"text": "“It may be fun for her,” I said with one of my bitter laughs, “but it isn't so diverting for the unfortunate toads beneath the harrow whom she plunges so ruthlessly in the soup.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Bessie Head, When Rain Clouds Gather, Heinemann, published 1995, page 28:",
"text": "Part of your job would be to learn tractor ploughing and the use of planters, harrows, and cultivators.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow."
],
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"teeth",
"tooth"
],
[
"drag",
"drag"
],
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
],
[
"break up",
"break up"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"weed",
"weed"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"plow",
"plow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg/En-us-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "device",
"word": "eg"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ê"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lesë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shqezë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarrāfa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جَرّافَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāsiḥa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَاسِحَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mislafa",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مِسْلَفَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tapʻan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "տափան"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "moi",
"sense": "device",
"word": "মৈ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "device",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "device",
"word": "dırmıq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baraná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барана́"
},
{
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"roman": "hēṅgā",
"sense": "device",
"word": "हेंगा"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brána",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бра́на"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htwan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ထွန်"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"roman": "bornoj",
"sense": "device",
"word": "борной"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rascle"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esterrossadora"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bà",
"sense": "device",
"word": "耙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chào",
"sense": "device",
"word": "耖"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "harow"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "brány"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "harve"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "eg"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "egge"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "device",
"word": "erpilo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "äke"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "harva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "äes"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grade"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "parcxi",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ფარცხი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Egge"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "svárna",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σβάρνα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "volokópos",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βωλοκόπος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "agreîphna",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀγρεῖφνα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "device",
"word": "מַשׁדֵדָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "heṅgā",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हेंगा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hairo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "हैरो"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "borona"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "herfi"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "device",
"word": "herso"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "astava"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "vedra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath fhuirste"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bráca"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erpice"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frangizolle"
},
{
"alt": "まぐわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa",
"sense": "device",
"word": "馬鍬"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa",
"sense": "device",
"word": "マグワ"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "boorn",
"sense": "device",
"word": "боорн"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "bróna"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мала"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tyrma",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырма"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rɔnoah",
"sense": "device",
"word": "រនាស់"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseore",
"sense": "device",
"word": "써레"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "mala",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мала"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tırmook",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмоок"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tırmooc",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмооч"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khāt",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ຄາດ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ecieža"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hirpex"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occa"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ecēšas"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "ġar",
"sense": "device",
"word": "гъар"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akėčios"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Éig"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "brána",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бра́на"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "device",
"word": "garu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "device",
"word": "rakaraka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "device",
"word": "rakuraku"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "device",
"word": "harwe"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bornoj",
"sense": "device",
"word": "борной"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akʼinaalzhoodí"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "device",
"word": "akʼinaʼalzhoodí"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hèrche"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "harv"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horv"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kolux-šekan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "کلوخشکن"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Äajd"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bornă"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brona"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "ancinho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "grade"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grapă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boroná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борона́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрљача"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "брана"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "drljača"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "brana"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "brány"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brana"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brona"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "tïrmuuš",
"sense": "device",
"word": "тырмууш"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rastra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "escarificador"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "harv"
},
{
"code": "tab",
"lang": "Tabasaran",
"roman": "ġar",
"sense": "device",
"word": "гъар"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "mola",
"sense": "device",
"word": "мола"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sixmola",
"sense": "device",
"word": "сихмола"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dandona",
"sense": "device",
"word": "дандона"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "krâat",
"sense": "device",
"word": "คราด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "device",
"word": "tırmık"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "device",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "usy",
"sense": "device",
"word": "усы"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boroná",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борона́"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "device",
"word": "borona"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "device",
"word": "sixmola"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "device",
"word": "àrpega"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "device",
"word": "bừa"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "îpe"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "yesse"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "seracuze"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "og"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oged"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Harrow (tool)"
],
"word": "harrow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bhojpuri translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Buryat translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tabasaran translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Fear",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "harrowing"
},
{
"word": "harrowing of hell"
},
{
"word": "harrow up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harwe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hearwa"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hearwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "harfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse harfr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harve",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Danish harve (“harrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hark",
"3": "",
"4": "rake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hark (“rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hergian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hergian",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harwe, harow, from Old English *hearwa (perhaps ultimately cognate with harvest), or from Old Norse harfr/herfi; compare Danish harve (“harrow”), Dutch hark (“rake”). Akin to Latin carpere. According to the OED, the verb senses are partly derived from the noun sense, partly from a by-form of the verb harry, itself from Old English hergian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harrows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harrowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow (third-person singular simple present harrows, present participle harrowing, simple past and past participle harrowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 39:10:",
"text": "Will he harrow the valleys after thee?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:",
"text": "When the corn was sown, I had no harrow, but was forced to go over it myself, and drag a great heavy bough of a tree over it, to scratch it, as it may be called, rather than rake or harrow it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "It harrows me with fear and wonder.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:",
"text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord / VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood, / Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres, / Thy knotty and combined locks to part, / And each particular haire to ſtand an end, / Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:",
"text": "The headless horseman harrowed Ichabod Crane as he tried to reach the bridge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To traumatize or disturb; to frighten or torment."
],
"links": [
[
"traumatize",
"traumatize"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To traumatize or disturb; to frighten or torment."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anguish"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"word": "vex"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1707, Nicholas Rowe, The Royal Convert:",
"text": "my aged muscles harrow'd up with whips",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To break or tear, as if with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex."
],
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
],
[
"lacerate",
"lacerate"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"vex",
"vex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To break or tear, as if with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex."
],
"senseid": [
"en:to distress"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "damage"
},
{
"word": "harm"
},
{
"word": "torture"
},
{
"word": "harm"
},
{
"word": "hurt"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg/En-us-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eg"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "retobatiar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baranavácʹ",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "баранава́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "branuvam",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бранувам"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htwan",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ထွန်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rasclar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bà",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "耙"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "klosya"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eggen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "erpi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "äestää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "herser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "gradar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "riscar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "eggen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "svarnízo",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "σβαρνίζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "volokopó",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "βωλοκοπώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "boronál"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "herfa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "hersagar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "astavoija"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "erpicare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "maguwa wo kakeru",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "まぐわをかける"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "occō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "branósuva",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "брано́сува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vláči",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "вла́чи"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rakaraka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "rakuraku"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bornojdox",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "борнойдох"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "hèrchi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harve"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harve"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "horve"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taramak",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "طرامق"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ai̯vlåconĕ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bronować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "ancinhar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boronítʹ",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "борони́ть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "cliath"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "escarificar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"word": "harva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boronuváty",
"sense": "drag a harrow over",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боронува́ти"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "grevya"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "doen schrikken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "angst aanjagen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "pelotella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "vaivata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "peinigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vasanízo",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "βασανίζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "travmatízo",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "kínoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "gyötör"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "zaklat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trevóžitʹ",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трево́жить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terzátʹ",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "терза́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "atormentar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "traumatise, frighten",
"word": "asaetear"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Harrow (tool)"
],
"word": "harrow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəʊ/2 syllables",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Fear",
"en:Tools"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harrow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "haro"
},
"expansion": "Old French haro",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*harot"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *harot",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "herod"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon herod",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "herot"
},
"expansion": "Old High German herot",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hare"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English harrow, harrowe, haro, from Old French haro, harou, harau, harol, from Frankish *harot, *hara (“here; hither”), from *hēr. Akin to Old Saxon herod, Old High German herot, Middle Dutch hare.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harrow",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Harrow, the flames, which me consume (said hee) / Ne can be quencht, within my secret bowels bee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A call for help, or of distress, alarm etc."
],
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A call for help, or of distress, alarm etc."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹoʊ/",
"note": "without the Mary–marry–merry merger",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛɹoʊ/",
"note": "US, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ne-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-ne-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-harrow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg/En-us-harrow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/En-us-harrow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəʊ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Harrow (tool)"
],
"word": "harrow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for harrow meaning in English (36.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.