"馬鍬" meaning in Japanese

See 馬鍬 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɯ̟ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠] Forms: 馬鍬 [canonical] (ruby: 馬(うま), 鍬(ぐわ)), umaguwa [romanization], umagufa [romanization], うまぐは [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: Compound of 馬 (uma, “horse”) + 鍬 (kuwa, “hoe”), in reference to the practice of using horses to pull, and the shape of the tool as a horizontal support with metal teeth protruding downward, somewhat similar to the way the metal blade of a hoe points downward from the handle when held horizontally. The umaguwa pronunciation appears to be the original form of the word. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|umaguwa}}, {{compound|ja|馬|鍬|sort=うまぐわ|t1=horse|t2=hoe|tr1=uma|tr2=kuwa}} 馬 (uma, “horse”) + 鍬 (kuwa, “hoe”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|うまぐわ|hhira=うまぐは}} 馬(うま)鍬(ぐわ) • (umaguwa) ^(←うまぐは (umagufa)?)
  1. a harrow (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-GWnNur0D Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 37 33 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
  2. a rake (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-cpOCSYeK Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 37 33 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
  3. a kind of light plow (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-qSQYWMLP Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 37 33 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 万能 (mannō) (ruby: 万能(まんのう)) (english: 10,000 capabilities) [literally], 馬歯 (umaha) (ruby: 馬歯(うまは)) (english: horse tooth) [literally, obsolete, possibly, rare]
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠] Forms: 馬鍬 [canonical] (ruby: 馬(ま), 鍬(ぐわ)), maguwa [romanization], magufa [romanization], まぐは [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: Sound shift from umaguwa. * /umaɡuwa/ → /maɡuwa/ First cited to around the late 1300s. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|maguwa}} Head templates: {{ja-noun|まぐわ|hhira=まぐは}} 馬(ま)鍬(ぐわ) • (maguwa) ^(←まぐは (magufa)?)
  1. a harrow (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-GWnNur0D1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
  2. a rake (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-cpOCSYeK1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
  3. a kind of light plow (farm implement)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-qSQYWMLP1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Farming tools Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3 Disambiguation of Farming tools: 17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 万能 (mannō) (ruby: 万能(まんのう)) (english: 10,000 capabilities) [literally], 馬歯 (umaha) (ruby: 馬歯(うまは)) (english: horse tooth) [literally, obsolete, possibly, rare]
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: [mã̠ŋɡa̠] Forms: 馬鍬 [canonical] (ruby: 馬(まん), 鍬(が)), mangwa [romanization], まんぐわ [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: Sound shift from maguwa. Historically, the labial glide gwa was spelled ぐわ (guwa). The historically attested mangwa reading likely arose due to this spelling convention, and then mangwa became manga when gwa later merged into ga. * /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/ → /maŋɡwa/ → /maŋɡa/ First cited to 1595 with the pronunciation mangwa, prior to the gwa → ga merger. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|manga}}, {{ja-r|ぐわ|linkto=-}} ぐわ (guwa) Head templates: {{ja-noun|まんが|hhira=まんぐわ}} 馬(まん)鍬(が) • (manga) ^(←まんぐわ (mangwa)?)
  1. alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: 馬鍬 (extra: maguwa)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-fOmzOM0Y Categories (other): Forms linking to themselves, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: [mã̠ŋɡɯ̟β̞a̠] Forms: 馬鍬 [canonical] (ruby: 馬(まん), 鍬(ぐわ)), manguwa [romanization], mangufa [romanization], まんぐは [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: Sound shift from maguwa. * /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/ Might have arisen, or persisted, in part from influence of the synonym 万能 (mannō); the term 万 (man, “ten thousand”) is often prepended to various terms to signify "multi-use". Consider the rare alternative spelling 万鍬 (manguwa). Date of first appearance unclear, but it would have been before the 1595 citation for phonologically derived form manga. May be a rare or dialectal pronunciation in modern usage. Not included at all in some dictionaries, and included only as a note under the manga reading in some others. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|manguwa}} Head templates: {{ja-noun|まんぐわ|hhira=まんぐは}} 馬(まん)鍬(ぐわ) • (manguwa) ^(←まんぐは (mangufa)?)
  1. (rare) alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa) Tags: alt-of, alternative, rare Alternative form of: 馬鍬 (extra: maguwa)
    Sense id: en-馬鍬-ja-noun-fOmzOM0Y1 Categories (other): Forms linking to themselves, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Alternative forms

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  "etymology_text": "Compound of 馬 (uma, “horse”) + 鍬 (kuwa, “hoe”), in reference to the practice of using horses to pull, and the shape of the tool as a horizontal support with metal teeth protruding downward, somewhat similar to the way the metal blade of a hoe points downward from the handle when held horizontally.\nThe umaguwa pronunciation appears to be the original form of the word. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934.",
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          "うま"
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  "pos": "noun",
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      "glosses": [
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      ]
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      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-qSQYWMLP",
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          "plow"
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      ]
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  ],
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      "other": "うまぐわ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɯ̟ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "10,000 capabilities",
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          "万能",
          "まんのう"
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      ],
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    "Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Wamyō Ruijushō",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

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  "forms": [
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          "鍬",
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  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5",
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        {
          "_dis": "17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Farming tools",
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      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
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              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The harrow moved forward while making sloshing noises, and in its tracks was a large island of dirt, left unscraped in the red-bean-paste-like sea of mud that flowed in from both sides.",
          "ref": "1956, 伊藤永之介, 押しかけ女房, 青空文庫:",
          "roman": "Gabagaba to oto tatete susumu maguwa no ato ni, ryōgawa kara nagareyotte kuru an mitai na doro no umi ni kakinokosareta ōkina tsuchikure no shima ga ukabu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "音",
              "おと"
            ],
            [
              "立",
              "た"
            ],
            [
              "進",
              "すす"
            ],
            [
              "馬鍬",
              "まぐは"
            ],
            [
              "両側",
              "りやうがは"
            ],
            [
              "流",
              "なが"
            ],
            [
              "寄",
              "よ"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "く"
            ],
            [
              "饀",
              "あん"
            ],
            [
              "泥",
              "どろ"
            ],
            [
              "海",
              "うみ"
            ],
            [
              "掻",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "残",
              "のこ"
            ],
            [
              "大",
              "おほ"
            ],
            [
              "土塊",
              "つちくれ"
            ],
            [
              "島",
              "しま"
            ],
            [
              "浮",
              "うか"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ガバ／＼と音立てて進む馬鍬のあとに、両側から流れ寄つて来る饀みたいな泥の海に掻き残された大きな土塊の島が浮ぶ。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a harrow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-GWnNur0D1",
      "links": [
        [
          "harrow",
          "harrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Farming tools",
          "orig": "ja:Farming tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a rake (farm implement)"
      ],
      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-cpOCSYeK1",
      "links": [
        [
          "rake",
          "rake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 15 13 17 15 13 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 14 13 17 14 13 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 12 15 17 12 15 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 16 14 18 16 14 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 14 14 17 14 14 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Farming tools",
          "orig": "ja:Farming tools",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a kind of light plow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-qSQYWMLP1",
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "まぐわ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "10,000 capabilities",
      "roman": "mannō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "万能",
          "まんのう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "万能"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "horse tooth",
      "roman": "umaha",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬歯",
          "うまは"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally",
        "obsolete",
        "possibly",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "馬歯"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "manga"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ぐわ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ぐわ (guwa)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sound shift from maguwa.\nHistorically, the labial glide gwa was spelled ぐわ (guwa). The historically attested mangwa reading likely arose due to this spelling convention, and then mangwa became manga when gwa later merged into ga.\n* /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/ → /maŋɡwa/ → /maŋɡa/\nFirst cited to 1595 with the pronunciation mangwa, prior to the gwa → ga merger.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "まん"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mangwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まんぐわ",
      "roman": "mangwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まんが",
        "hhira": "まんぐわ"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(まん)鍬(が) • (manga) ^(←まんぐわ (mangwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "maguwa",
          "word": "馬鍬"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Forms linking to themselves",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-fOmzOM0Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "馬鍬",
          "馬鍬#Japanese:_maguwa"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "まんが"
    },
    {
      "other": "まんが"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mã̠ŋɡa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "Kōjien",
    "Shinmura Izuru",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "manguwa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sound shift from maguwa.\n* /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/\nMight have arisen, or persisted, in part from influence of the synonym 万能 (mannō); the term 万 (man, “ten thousand”) is often prepended to various terms to signify \"multi-use\". Consider the rare alternative spelling 万鍬 (manguwa).\nDate of first appearance unclear, but it would have been before the 1595 citation for phonologically derived form manga.\nMay be a rare or dialectal pronunciation in modern usage. Not included at all in some dictionaries, and included only as a note under the manga reading in some others.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "まん"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "ぐわ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "manguwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mangufa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まんぐは",
      "roman": "mangufa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まんぐわ",
        "hhira": "まんぐは"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(まん)鍬(ぐわ) • (manguwa) ^(←まんぐは (mangufa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "maguwa",
          "word": "馬鍬"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Forms linking to themselves",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 9 12 10 9 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 13 15 12 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 12 15 12 12 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 12 15 13 12 7 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "id": "en-馬鍬-ja-noun-fOmzOM0Y1",
      "links": [
        [
          "馬鍬",
          "馬鍬#Japanese:_maguwa"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mã̠ŋɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Farming tools"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "umaguwa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "馬",
        "3": "鍬",
        "sort": "うまぐわ",
        "t1": "horse",
        "t2": "hoe",
        "tr1": "uma",
        "tr2": "kuwa"
      },
      "expansion": "馬 (uma, “horse”) + 鍬 (kuwa, “hoe”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of 馬 (uma, “horse”) + 鍬 (kuwa, “hoe”), in reference to the practice of using horses to pull, and the shape of the tool as a horizontal support with metal teeth protruding downward, somewhat similar to the way the metal blade of a hoe points downward from the handle when held horizontally.\nThe umaguwa pronunciation appears to be the original form of the word. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "うま"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "ぐわ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umaguwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umagufa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "うまぐは",
      "roman": "umagufa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "うまぐわ",
        "hhira": "うまぐは"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(うま)鍬(ぐわ) • (umaguwa) ^(←うまぐは (umagufa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a harrow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harrow",
          "harrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a rake (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rake",
          "rake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a kind of light plow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "うまぐわ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɯ̟ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "10,000 capabilities",
      "roman": "mannō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "万能",
          "まんのう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "万能"
    },
    {
      "english": "horse tooth",
      "roman": "umaha",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬歯",
          "うまは"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally",
        "obsolete",
        "possibly",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "馬歯"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Wamyō Ruijushō",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Farming tools"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "maguwa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sound shift from umaguwa.\n* /umaɡuwa/ → /maɡuwa/\nFirst cited to around the late 1300s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "ま"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "ぐわ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maguwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magufa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まぐは",
      "roman": "magufa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まぐわ",
        "hhira": "まぐは"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(ま)鍬(ぐわ) • (maguwa) ^(←まぐは (magufa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The harrow moved forward while making sloshing noises, and in its tracks was a large island of dirt, left unscraped in the red-bean-paste-like sea of mud that flowed in from both sides.",
          "ref": "1956, 伊藤永之介, 押しかけ女房, 青空文庫:",
          "roman": "Gabagaba to oto tatete susumu maguwa no ato ni, ryōgawa kara nagareyotte kuru an mitai na doro no umi ni kakinokosareta ōkina tsuchikure no shima ga ukabu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "音",
              "おと"
            ],
            [
              "立",
              "た"
            ],
            [
              "進",
              "すす"
            ],
            [
              "馬鍬",
              "まぐは"
            ],
            [
              "両側",
              "りやうがは"
            ],
            [
              "流",
              "なが"
            ],
            [
              "寄",
              "よ"
            ],
            [
              "来",
              "く"
            ],
            [
              "饀",
              "あん"
            ],
            [
              "泥",
              "どろ"
            ],
            [
              "海",
              "うみ"
            ],
            [
              "掻",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "残",
              "のこ"
            ],
            [
              "大",
              "おほ"
            ],
            [
              "土塊",
              "つちくれ"
            ],
            [
              "島",
              "しま"
            ],
            [
              "浮",
              "うか"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ガバ／＼と音立てて進む馬鍬のあとに、両側から流れ寄つて来る饀みたいな泥の海に掻き残された大きな土塊の島が浮ぶ。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a harrow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harrow",
          "harrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a rake (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rake",
          "rake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a kind of light plow (farm implement)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plow",
          "plow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "まぐわ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ma̠ɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "10,000 capabilities",
      "roman": "mannō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "万能",
          "まんのう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally"
      ],
      "word": "万能"
    },
    {
      "english": "horse tooth",
      "roman": "umaha",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬歯",
          "うまは"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literally",
        "obsolete",
        "possibly",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "馬歯"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Farming tools"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "manga"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ぐわ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ぐわ (guwa)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sound shift from maguwa.\nHistorically, the labial glide gwa was spelled ぐわ (guwa). The historically attested mangwa reading likely arose due to this spelling convention, and then mangwa became manga when gwa later merged into ga.\n* /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/ → /maŋɡwa/ → /maŋɡa/\nFirst cited to 1595 with the pronunciation mangwa, prior to the gwa → ga merger.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "まん"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "が"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mangwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まんぐわ",
      "roman": "mangwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まんが",
        "hhira": "まんぐわ"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(まん)鍬(が) • (manga) ^(←まんぐわ (mangwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "maguwa",
          "word": "馬鍬"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Forms linking to themselves"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "馬鍬",
          "馬鍬#Japanese:_maguwa"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "まんが"
    },
    {
      "other": "まんが"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mã̠ŋɡa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "Kōjien",
    "Shinmura Izuru",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Farming tools"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "manguwa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sound shift from maguwa.\n* /maɡuwa/ → /maŋɡuwa/\nMight have arisen, or persisted, in part from influence of the synonym 万能 (mannō); the term 万 (man, “ten thousand”) is often prepended to various terms to signify \"multi-use\". Consider the rare alternative spelling 万鍬 (manguwa).\nDate of first appearance unclear, but it would have been before the 1595 citation for phonologically derived form manga.\nMay be a rare or dialectal pronunciation in modern usage. Not included at all in some dictionaries, and included only as a note under the manga reading in some others.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "馬鍬",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "馬",
          "まん"
        ],
        [
          "鍬",
          "ぐわ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "manguwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mangufa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "まんぐは",
      "roman": "mangufa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "まんぐわ",
        "hhira": "まんぐは"
      },
      "expansion": "馬(まん)鍬(ぐわ) • (manguwa) ^(←まんぐは (mangufa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "maguwa",
          "word": "馬鍬"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Forms linking to themselves",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "馬鍬",
          "馬鍬#Japanese:_maguwa"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) alternative form of 馬鍬 (maguwa)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mã̠ŋɡɯ̟β̞a̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Harrow (tool)",
    "ja:馬鍬"
  ],
  "word": "馬鍬"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 馬鍬 meaning in Japanese (10.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: manga",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "馬鍬"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "馬鍬",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.