See bruise in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bruise meaning in English (38.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruise up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruising"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bruisen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bruisen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "brusen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brosen"
},
"expansion": "brosen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brisen"
},
"expansion": "brisen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bresen"
},
"expansion": "bresen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brȳsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brȳsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brīesan",
"t": "to bruise; crush"
},
"expansion": "brīesan (“to bruise; crush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brausijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brausijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūsijaną",
"t": "to break; crumble; crack"
},
"expansion": "*brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bruiser"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bruiser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "bruser",
"t": "to break, smash, shatter"
},
"expansion": "bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*brus-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *brus-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bruseti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brizz"
},
"expansion": "Scots brizz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brausen",
"t": "to roar; boom; pound"
},
"expansion": "German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brosnian",
"t": "to crumble, fall apart"
},
"expansion": "Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "broos",
"t": "brittle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch broos (“brittle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brosame",
"t": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "German Brosame (“crumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brøysk",
"t": "breakable"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frustum",
"t": "bit, scrap"
},
"expansion": "Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бръснути",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breshër",
"3": "",
"4": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Albanian breshër (“hail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):\n* Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.\n* Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.\nCognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruises",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruising",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruised",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruised",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-j3Vkd-IF",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kadma",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَدْمَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "натъртвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "masegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "copejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "maganyar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "slaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "hakata mustelmille"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionner"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "meurtrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "ballbhrúigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "livido"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "kōmeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "meurdri"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siniaczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "posiniaczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "magoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "zgâria"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "învineți"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibátʹ",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ушиба́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibítʹ",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ушиби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "tṛṇeḍhi",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "तृणेढि"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "magullar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 2 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-hKgRUjud",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bananas bruise easily."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-xo3NyVu~",
"links": [
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "натъртвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "macar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "maganyar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "kolhia mustelmille"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "taler"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "cotir"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "brúigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "kōmeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjatʹ",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мять"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátʹ",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "помя́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "mazar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "magullar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 40 7 5 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "machacar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam se",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "натъртвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "macar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "otlouct se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "saada mustelmia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "kolhiintua"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se taler"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se cotir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "s’abîmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "éirigh brúite"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se păta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjátʹsja",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мя́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátʹsja",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "помя́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "macarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 25 64 1 1 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "estropearse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I bruise easily."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become bruised."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-t1MyE4Jm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become bruised."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam se",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "натъртвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "masegar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "contusionar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "saada mustelmia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "se faire un bleu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "molopízomai",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "μωλωπίζομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "éirigh brúite"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "marū"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibátʹsja",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ушиба́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibítʹsja",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ушиби́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "magullarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "salirse moratones"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 72 4 6 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "amoratarse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To fight with the fists; to box."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-m-AyMRof",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
],
[
"box",
"box"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 6 8 4 6 0 1 37 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Injuries",
"orig": "en:Injuries",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or injure."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-oWhtwHWa",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To harm or injure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-verb-6QjuFZKm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯z/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "brews"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bruise.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg/En-us-bruise.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bro͞oz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bruize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "brise"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bruise"
],
"word": "bruise"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bruisen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bruisen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "brusen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brosen"
},
"expansion": "brosen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brisen"
},
"expansion": "brisen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bresen"
},
"expansion": "bresen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brȳsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brȳsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brīesan",
"t": "to bruise; crush"
},
"expansion": "brīesan (“to bruise; crush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brausijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brausijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūsijaną",
"t": "to break; crumble; crack"
},
"expansion": "*brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bruiser"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bruiser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "bruser",
"t": "to break, smash, shatter"
},
"expansion": "bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*brus-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *brus-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bruseti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brizz"
},
"expansion": "Scots brizz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brausen",
"t": "to roar; boom; pound"
},
"expansion": "German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brosnian",
"t": "to crumble, fall apart"
},
"expansion": "Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "broos",
"t": "brittle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch broos (“brittle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brosame",
"t": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "German Brosame (“crumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brøysk",
"t": "breakable"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frustum",
"t": "bit, scrap"
},
"expansion": "Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бръснути",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breshër",
"3": "",
"4": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Albanian breshër (“hail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):\n* Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.\n* Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.\nCognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruise (plural bruises)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hematoma"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 14 18 10 16 2 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 17 10 16 4 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 6 8 4 6 0 1 37 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Injuries",
"orig": "en:Injuries",
"parents": [
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-noun-AzMjXKJF",
"links": [
[
"purplish",
"purplish"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"leakage",
"leakage"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
],
[
"capillaries",
"capillary"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"english": "technical term",
"sense": "medical",
"word": "contusion"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"english": "differentiated in some terminologies",
"sense": "medical",
"word": "ecchymosis"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kadma",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَدْمَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kaptuk",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "կապտուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "göy"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "göyərti"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ubeldur"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ubelune"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sinják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сіня́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sinka",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "синка"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrteno mjasto",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "натъртено място"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blau"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blaüra"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "bun-og"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yūqīng",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "瘀青"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podlitina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modřina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blauwe plek"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "kontuzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "mustelma"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bleu"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contusion"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecchymose"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurtrissure"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dalurǯebuli adgili",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "დალურჯებული ადგილი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prellung"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluterguss"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blauer Fleck"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mólopas",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μώλωπας"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mṓlōps",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μώλωψ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khabura",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חַבּוּרָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "lanog"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "pal-us"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "horzsolás"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "zúzódás"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "sugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "bonyok"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ball gorm"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "livido"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aza",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "あざ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "krc",
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"roman": "kültüm",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "кюлтюм"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cŏəm",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ជាំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khtŏəmsac",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ខ្ទាំសាច់"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "krj",
"lang": "Kinaray-a",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "lanus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contusio"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "līvor"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sūgillātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zilums"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "modrinka",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "модринка"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "modrica",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "модрица"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "manamangana"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "uruhua"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "marū"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xöxrüülex",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "хөхрүүлэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "êcouocheuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurdrisseûthe"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "c’ærræmyxst",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "цъӕррӕмыхст"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "siniak"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "siniec"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stłuczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roxo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "julitură"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vânătaie"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssadina",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ссадина"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sinják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "синя́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušíb",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уши́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krovopodtjók",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кровоподтёк"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gematóma",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гемато́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronnadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма̀сница"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "мо̀дрица"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "màsnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "mòdrica"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modrina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podliatina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šinka"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modrica"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "moratón"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "moretón"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cardenal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "magulladura"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "chubuko"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blåmärke"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "pasâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "รอยช้ำ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bo",
"english": "smug tig",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "སྨུག་ཏིག"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "morluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "morartı"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "çürük"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "synják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "синя́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "synécʹ",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сине́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briw"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clais"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface."
],
"id": "en-bruise-en-noun-~jAXBv1p",
"links": [
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macadís"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "rotte plek"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "beurze plek"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "mustelma"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "talure"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotissure"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurtrissure"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Druckstelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "ütődés"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brú"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ammaccatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obicie"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pată"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobítostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поби́тость"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "помя́тость"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podbítostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подби́тость"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronnadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maca"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "magullamiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fläck"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 78",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "รอยช้ำ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯z/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "brews"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bruise.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg/En-us-bruise.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bro͞oz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bruize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "brise"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bruise"
],
"word": "bruise"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrews-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːz",
"Rhymes:English/uːz/1 syllable",
"en:Injuries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruise up"
},
{
"word": "bruiser"
},
{
"word": "bruising"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bruisen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bruisen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "brusen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brosen"
},
"expansion": "brosen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brisen"
},
"expansion": "brisen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bresen"
},
"expansion": "bresen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brȳsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brȳsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brīesan",
"t": "to bruise; crush"
},
"expansion": "brīesan (“to bruise; crush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brausijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brausijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūsijaną",
"t": "to break; crumble; crack"
},
"expansion": "*brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bruiser"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bruiser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "bruser",
"t": "to break, smash, shatter"
},
"expansion": "bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*brus-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *brus-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bruseti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brizz"
},
"expansion": "Scots brizz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brausen",
"t": "to roar; boom; pound"
},
"expansion": "German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brosnian",
"t": "to crumble, fall apart"
},
"expansion": "Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "broos",
"t": "brittle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch broos (“brittle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brosame",
"t": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "German Brosame (“crumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brøysk",
"t": "breakable"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frustum",
"t": "bit, scrap"
},
"expansion": "Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бръснути",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breshër",
"3": "",
"4": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Albanian breshër (“hail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):\n* Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.\n* Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.\nCognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruises",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruising",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruised",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruised",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bananas bruise easily."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly."
],
"links": [
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I bruise easily."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become bruised."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become bruised."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To fight with the fists; to box."
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
],
[
"box",
"box"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harm or injure."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To harm or injure."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯z/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "brews"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bruise.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg/En-us-bruise.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bro͞oz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bruize"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "brise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kadma",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَدْمَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "натъртвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "masegar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "copejar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "maganyar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "slaan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "hakata mustelmille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "meurtrir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "ballbhrúigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "livido"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "kōmeke"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "meurdri"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siniaczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "posiniaczyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "magoar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "zgâria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "învineți"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibátʹ",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ушиба́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibítʹ",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ушиби́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "tṛṇeḍhi",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "तृणेढि"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "magullar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strike (a person), giving them a bruise",
"word": "contusionar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "натъртвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "macar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "maganyar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "kolhia mustelmille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "taler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "cotir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "brúigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "kōmeke"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjatʹ",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátʹ",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "помя́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "mazar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "magullar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cause fruit or vegetables to bruise",
"word": "machacar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam se",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "натъртвам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "macar-se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "otlouct se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "saada mustelmia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "kolhiintua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se taler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se cotir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "s’abîmer"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "éirigh brúite"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "se păta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjátʹsja",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мя́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátʹsja",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "помя́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "macarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises",
"word": "estropearse"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrtvam se",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "натъртвам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "masegar-se"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "contusionar-se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "saada mustelmia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "se faire un bleu"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "molopízomai",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "μωλωπίζομαι"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "éirigh brúite"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "marū"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibátʹsja",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ушиба́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušibítʹsja",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ушиби́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "magullarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "salirse moratones"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to get bruised",
"word": "amoratarse"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bruise"
],
"word": "bruise"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrews-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːz",
"Rhymes:English/uːz/1 syllable",
"en:Injuries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bruisen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bruisen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusen"
},
"expansion": "brusen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brosen"
},
"expansion": "brosen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brisen"
},
"expansion": "brisen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bresen"
},
"expansion": "bresen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrews-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brȳsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brȳsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brīesan",
"t": "to bruise; crush"
},
"expansion": "brīesan (“to bruise; crush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brausijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brausijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūsijaną",
"t": "to break; crumble; crack"
},
"expansion": "*brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "bruiser"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman bruiser",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "bruser",
"t": "to break, smash, shatter"
},
"expansion": "bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*brus-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *brus-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bruseti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brizz"
},
"expansion": "Scots brizz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "brausen",
"t": "to roar; boom; pound"
},
"expansion": "German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "brosnian",
"t": "to crumble, fall apart"
},
"expansion": "Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "broos",
"t": "brittle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch broos (“brittle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Brosame",
"t": "crumb"
},
"expansion": "German Brosame (“crumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brøysk",
"t": "breakable"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frustum",
"t": "bit, scrap"
},
"expansion": "Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "бръснути",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "breshër",
"3": "",
"4": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Albanian breshër (“hail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):\n* Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.\n* Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.\nCognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruises",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruise (plural bruises)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "hematoma"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow."
],
"links": [
[
"purplish",
"purplish"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"leakage",
"leakage"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
],
[
"capillaries",
"capillary"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface."
],
"links": [
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɪu̯z/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "brews"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bruise.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg/En-us-bruise.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-bruise.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bro͞oz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "technical term",
"sense": "medical",
"word": "contusion"
},
{
"english": "differentiated in some terminologies",
"sense": "medical",
"word": "ecchymosis"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bruize"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "brise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kadma",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كَدْمَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kaptuk",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "կապտուկ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "göy"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "göyərti"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ubeldur"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ubelune"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sinják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сіня́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sinka",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "синка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natǎrteno mjasto",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "натъртено място"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blau"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blaüra"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "bun-og"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yūqīng",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "瘀青"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podlitina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modřina"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "blauwe plek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "kontuzo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "mustelma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bleu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contusion"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ecchymose"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurtrissure"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazadura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negrón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dalurǯebuli adgili",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "დალურჯებული ადგილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prellung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bluterguss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blauer Fleck"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mólopas",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μώλωπας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mṓlōps",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μώλωψ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khabura",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חַבּוּרָה"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "lanog"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "pal-us"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "horzsolás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "zúzódás"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "sugat"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "bonyok"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ball gorm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "livido"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "aza",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "あざ"
},
{
"code": "krc",
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"roman": "kültüm",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "кюлтюм"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cŏəm",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ជាំ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khtŏəmsac",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "ខ្ទាំសាច់"
},
{
"code": "krj",
"lang": "Kinaray-a",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "lanus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "contusio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "līvor"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sūgillātiō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zilums"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "modrinka",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "модринка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "modrica",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "модрица"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "manamangana"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "uruhua"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "marū"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xöxrüülex",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "хөхрүүлэх"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "êcouocheuse"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurdrisseûthe"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "c’ærræmyxst",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "цъӕррӕмыхст"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "siniak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "siniec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stłuczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roxo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "julitură"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vânătaie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssadina",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ссадина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sinják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "синя́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ušíb",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уши́б"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krovopodtjók",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кровоподтёк"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gematóma",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гемато́ма"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronnadh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма̀сница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "мо̀дрица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "màsnica"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "mòdrica"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modrina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podliatina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "šinka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "modrica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "moratón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "moretón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cardenal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "magulladura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hematoma"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "chubuko"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "blåmärke"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "pasâ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "รอยช้ำ"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "smug tig",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "སྨུག་ཏིག"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "morluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "morartı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"word": "çürük"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "synják",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "синя́к"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "synécʹ",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сине́ць"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briw"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "medical: mark on the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clais"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macadura"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macadís"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "rotte plek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "beurze plek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "mustelma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "talure"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotissure"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meurtrissure"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazadura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negrón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Druckstelle"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "ütődés"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ammaccatura"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obicie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pată"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pobítostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поби́тость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pomjátostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "помя́тость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podbítostʹ",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "подби́тость"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronnadh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maca"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "magullamiento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fläck"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "mark on fruit or vegetable",
"word": "รอยช้ำ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bruise"
],
"word": "bruise"
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: bruise",
"path": [
"bruise"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruise",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: bruise",
"path": [
"bruise"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruise",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.