"tobruise" meaning in English

See tobruise in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Forms: tobruises [present, singular, third-person], tobruising [participle, present], tobruised [participle, past], tobruised [past]
Etymology: From Middle English tobrusen, tobrisen, from Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”), equivalent to to- + bruise. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|tobrusen}} Middle English tobrusen, {{m|enm|tobrisen}} tobrisen, {{inh|en|ang|tōbrȳsan||to bruise, crush, shatter}} Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”), {{prefix|en|to|bruise}} to- + bruise Head templates: {{en-verb}} tobruise (third-person singular simple present tobruises, present participle tobruising, simple past and past participle tobruised)
  1. (archaic) To bruise up, completely beat or batter; crush; to make numb. Tags: archaic
    Sense id: en-tobruise-en-verb-3myamwVS Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with to-

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for tobruise meaning in English (2.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "tobrusen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English tobrusen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "tobrisen"
      },
      "expansion": "tobrisen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tōbrȳsan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bruise, crush, shatter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "to",
        "3": "bruise"
      },
      "expansion": "to- + bruise",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English tobrusen, tobrisen, from Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”), equivalent to to- + bruise.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tobruises",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruising",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruised",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruised",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tobruise (third-person singular simple present tobruises, present participle tobruising, simple past and past participle tobruised)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with to-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1910, Edward Hutton, Siena and southern Tuscany",
          "text": "Then he brought the monk all tobruised in a sack to S. Benedict, and anon S. Benedict made upon him the sign of the cross, and blessed him and raised him to life, and sent him to the work again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene",
          "text": "Onely his shield and armour, which there lay, / Though nothing whole, but all tobrusd and broken, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bruise up, completely beat or batter; crush; to make numb."
      ],
      "id": "en-tobruise-en-verb-3myamwVS",
      "links": [
        [
          "bruise up",
          "bruise up"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "batter",
          "batter"
        ],
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "numb",
          "numb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) To bruise up, completely beat or batter; crush; to make numb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tobruise"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "tobrusen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English tobrusen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "tobrisen"
      },
      "expansion": "tobrisen",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tōbrȳsan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bruise, crush, shatter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "to",
        "3": "bruise"
      },
      "expansion": "to- + bruise",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English tobrusen, tobrisen, from Old English tōbrȳsan (“to bruise, crush, shatter”), equivalent to to- + bruise.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tobruises",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruising",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruised",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tobruised",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tobruise (third-person singular simple present tobruises, present participle tobruising, simple past and past participle tobruised)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Old English",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "English terms inherited from Old English",
        "English terms prefixed with to-",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1910, Edward Hutton, Siena and southern Tuscany",
          "text": "Then he brought the monk all tobruised in a sack to S. Benedict, and anon S. Benedict made upon him the sign of the cross, and blessed him and raised him to life, and sent him to the work again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene",
          "text": "Onely his shield and armour, which there lay, / Though nothing whole, but all tobrusd and broken, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bruise up, completely beat or batter; crush; to make numb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bruise up",
          "bruise up"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "batter",
          "batter"
        ],
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "numb",
          "numb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) To bruise up, completely beat or batter; crush; to make numb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tobruise"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.