See deface in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "defacement"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defacen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defacen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defacier"
},
"expansion": "Old French defacier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "facia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin facia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defacen, from Old French defacier, desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”), from des- (“away from”) (see dis-) + Late Latin facia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
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"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "deface (third-person singular simple present defaces, present participle defacing, simple past and past participle defaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "efface"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 30 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 24 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 29 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 16 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 14 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1869: George Eliot, The Legend of Jubal\nThat wondrous frame where melody began / Lay as a tomb defaced that no eye cared to scan."
},
{
"text": "After the painting was defaced a decade ago, it went viral and has been a tourist attraction ever since.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-c6JjGPtE",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "mar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "obliterate"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "scar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "vandalize"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poničit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "počmárat"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "schenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "défigurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "dégrader"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "verunstalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "entstellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "loit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "sfregiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "pintarrajear"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 29 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He defaced the I.O.U. notes by scrawling \"void\" over them."
},
{
"text": "1776: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations\nOne-and-twenty worn and defaced shillings, however, were considered as equivalent to a guinea, which perhaps, indeed, was worn and defaced too, but seldom so much so."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-isNm-tpZ",
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"devalue",
"devalue"
],
[
"nullify",
"nullify"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"face value",
"face value"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 96 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "cancel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 96 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "devalue"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 96 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "nullify"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 96 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "void"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "anuliram",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "анулирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "بوزمق"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "en:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 29 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 28 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Flags",
"orig": "en:Flags",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You get the Finnish state flag by defacing the national flag with the state coat of arms placed in the middle of the cross.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-FNUtzd-J",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"qualifier": "flags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, flags) To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heraldry: to alter by adding a new element",
"word": "muunnella"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/diːˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deface.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "deface"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Flags"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "defacement"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "defacen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defacen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defacier"
},
"expansion": "Old French defacier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "facia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin facia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defacen, from Old French defacier, desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”), from des- (“away from”) (see dis-) + Late Latin facia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "deface (third-person singular simple present defaces, present participle defacing, simple past and past participle defaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "efface"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1869: George Eliot, The Legend of Jubal\nThat wondrous frame where melody began / Lay as a tomb defaced that no eye cared to scan."
},
{
"text": "After the painting was defaced a decade ago, it went viral and has been a tourist attraction ever since.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "He defaced the I.O.U. notes by scrawling \"void\" over them."
},
{
"text": "1776: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations\nOne-and-twenty worn and defaced shillings, however, were considered as equivalent to a guinea, which perhaps, indeed, was worn and defaced too, but seldom so much so."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of."
],
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"devalue",
"devalue"
],
[
"nullify",
"nullify"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"face value",
"face value"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Heraldry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You get the Finnish state flag by defacing the national flag with the state coat of arms placed in the middle of the cross.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"qualifier": "flags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, flags) To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/diːˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deface.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "mar"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "obliterate"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "scar"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "vandalize"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "cancel"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "devalue"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "nullify"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "void"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poničit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "počmárat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "schenden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "défigurer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "dégrader"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "verunstalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "entstellen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "loit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "sfregiare"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "pintarrajear"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "anuliram",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "анулирам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heraldry: to alter by adding a new element",
"word": "muunnella"
}
],
"word": "deface"
}
Download raw JSONL data for deface meaning in English (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.