See deface on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for deface meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "defacement"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defacen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defacen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defacier"
},
"expansion": "Old French defacier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "desfacier",
"t": "to mutilate, destroy, disfigure"
},
"expansion": "desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "des-",
"t": "away from"
},
"expansion": "des- (“away from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "dis-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "facia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin facia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defacen, from Old French defacier, desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”), from des- (“away from”) (see dis-) + Late Latin facia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "deface (third-person singular simple present defaces, present participle defacing, simple past and past participle defaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "efface"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 20 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1869: George Eliot, The Legend of Jubal\nThat wondrous frame where melody began / Lay as a tomb defaced that no eye cared to scan."
},
{
"text": "After the painting was defaced a decade ago, it went viral and has been a tourist attraction ever since.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-c6JjGPtE",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "mar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "obliterate"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "scar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 3",
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "vandalize"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poničit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "počmárat"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "schenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "défigurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "dégrader"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "verunstalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "entstellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "loit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "sfregiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 6 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "pintarrajear"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "He defaced the I.O.U. notes by scrawling \"void\" over them."
},
{
"text": "1776: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations\nOne-and-twenty worn and defaced shillings, however, were considered as equivalent to a guinea, which perhaps, indeed, was worn and defaced too, but seldom so much so."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-isNm-tpZ",
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"devalue",
"devalue"
],
[
"nullify",
"nullify"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"face value",
"face value"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "cancel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "devalue"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "nullify"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "void"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "anuliram",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "анулирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "بوزمق"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "en:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 29 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Flags",
"orig": "en:Flags",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You get the Finnish state flag by defacing the national flag with the state coat of arms placed in the middle of the cross."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"id": "en-deface-en-verb-FNUtzd-J",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"qualifier": "flags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, flags) To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 6 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heraldry: to alter by adding a new element",
"word": "muunnella"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/diːˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deface.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "deface"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables",
"en:Flags"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "defacement"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defacen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defacen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defacier"
},
"expansion": "Old French defacier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "desfacier",
"t": "to mutilate, destroy, disfigure"
},
"expansion": "desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "des-",
"t": "away from"
},
"expansion": "des- (“away from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "dis-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "facia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin facia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English defacen, from Old French defacier, desfacier (“to mutilate, destroy, disfigure”), from des- (“away from”) (see dis-) + Late Latin facia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defaces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defaced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "deface (third-person singular simple present defaces, present participle defacing, simple past and past participle defaced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "efface"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1869: George Eliot, The Legend of Jubal\nThat wondrous frame where melody began / Lay as a tomb defaced that no eye cared to scan."
},
{
"text": "After the painting was defaced a decade ago, it went viral and has been a tourist attraction ever since.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner."
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"conspicuous",
"conspicuous"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "He defaced the I.O.U. notes by scrawling \"void\" over them."
},
{
"text": "1776: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations\nOne-and-twenty worn and defaced shillings, however, were considered as equivalent to a guinea, which perhaps, indeed, was worn and defaced too, but seldom so much so."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of."
],
"links": [
[
"void",
"void"
],
[
"devalue",
"devalue"
],
[
"nullify",
"nullify"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"face value",
"face value"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Heraldry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You get the Finnish state flag by defacing the national flag with the state coat of arms placed in the middle of the cross."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"qualifier": "flags",
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, flags) To alter a coat of arms or a flag by adding an element to it."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/diːˈfeɪs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deface.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-deface.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "mar"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "obliterate"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "scar"
},
{
"sense": "damage in a conspicuous way",
"word": "vandalize"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "cancel"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "devalue"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "nullify"
},
{
"sense": "degrade the face value",
"word": "void"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poničit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to damage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "počmárat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "schenden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "mitätöidä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "défigurer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "dégrader"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "verunstalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "entstellen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "loit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "sfregiare"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to damage",
"word": "pintarrajear"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "anuliram",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "анулирам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bozmak",
"sense": "to void or devalue",
"word": "بوزمق"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heraldry: to alter by adding a new element",
"word": "muunnella"
}
],
"word": "deface"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.