See injure on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for injure meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "praise"
},
{
"word": "help"
},
{
"word": "preserve"
},
{
"word": "benefit"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "self-injure"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂yew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "injury",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from injury",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "injurie"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman injurie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iniūria",
"4": "",
"5": "injustice; wrong; offense"
},
"expansion": "Latin iniūria (“injustice; wrong; offense”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "in- (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ius",
"3": "iūs, iūris",
"4": "right, law"
},
"expansion": "iūs, iūris (“right, law”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from injury, from Anglo-Norman injurie, from Latin iniūria (“injustice; wrong; offense”), from in- (“not”) + iūs, iūris (“right, law”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "injures",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "injuring",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "injured",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "injured",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "injure (third-person singular simple present injures, present participle injuring, simple past and past participle injured)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "injurious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "injury"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 30 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 13 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "en:Pain",
"parents": [
"Medical signs and symptoms",
"Perception",
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rugby team's star player got injured in a violent collision.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I injured my ankle playing tennis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature."
],
"id": "en-injure-en-verb-Ze5c9XQF",
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jaraḥa",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "جَرَحَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "yaralamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "xəsarət gətirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ránicʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́ніць"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paránicʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пара́ніць"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "uragan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ranjávam",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раня́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ranjá",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asonvsga",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ᎠᏐᏅᏍᎦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "傷害"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānghài",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "伤害"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "損傷"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sǔnshāng",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "损伤"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zraňovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ranit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zranit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poranit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "såre"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "kwetsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blesseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "vundi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "haavoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blesser"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blechier"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferî"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "verletzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "agljan",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "travmatízo",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "titrṓskō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τιτρώσκω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "traumatízō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bláptō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "βλάπτω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blese"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "megsebesít"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "megsebez"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "slasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "særa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "déan díobháil"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "díobháil"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "leon"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "gortaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferire"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"alt": "いためる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "itameru",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "痛める"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"alt": "きずつける",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizutsukeru",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "傷付ける"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haechida",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "해치다"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "birîndar kirin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "noceo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ranuva",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ранува"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рани"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "skade"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "såre"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "wierdan"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ranić"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zranić"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "machucar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ránitʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́нить"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poránitʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пора́нить"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "druhyati",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "द्रुह्यति"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "hinasti",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "हिनस्ति"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "fèrrere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра̏нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "rȁniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "firiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zraňovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "raniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zraniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poraniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "raniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "herir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "-jeruhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "skada"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "porányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пора́нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зра́нити"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "anafu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "niweidio"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "brifo"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "zərər vurmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "uragan"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razváljam",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разва́лям"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povréždam",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "повре́ждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "blesser"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "verletzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "whakakino"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "tunuhuruhuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "hubuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povredítʹ",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "повреди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "skada"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To damage or impair."
],
"id": "en-injure-en-verb-s1BrPNrY",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage or impair."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To do injustice to."
],
"id": "en-injure-en-verb-xp~1SmaB",
"links": [
[
"injustice",
"injustice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To do injustice to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obíždam",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оби́ждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrbjávam",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оскърбя́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "olla epäoikeudenmukainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "loukata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "tunuhuruhuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "skade"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obižátʹ",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обижа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obídetʹ",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оби́деть"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.dʒə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-injure.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-injure.ogg/En-us-injure.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-injure.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "damage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "impair"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"injury"
],
"word": "injure"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "injurie",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French injurie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "injurie"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French injurie",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "injuria"
},
"expansion": "Latin injuria",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iniūria"
},
"expansion": "iniūria",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French injurie, borrowed from Latin injuria, iniūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "injures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "injure f (plural injures)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "fr:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"offense, insult"
],
"id": "en-injure-fr-noun-QmlR9rsh",
"links": [
[
"offense",
"offense"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "injurier"
},
{
"sense": "injurieux",
"word": "injurieusement"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ̃.ʒyʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-injure.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Fr-injure.ogg/Fr-injure.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Fr-injure.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "injure"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "injūre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "injūre"
},
"expansion": "injūre",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "injūrus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of injūrus"
],
"id": "en-injure-la-adj-dvjI4BMW",
"links": [
[
"injūrus",
"injurus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "injure"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "praise"
},
{
"word": "help"
},
{
"word": "preserve"
},
{
"word": "benefit"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English back-formations",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂yew-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Welsh translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Pain"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-injure"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂yew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "injury",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from injury",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "injurie"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman injurie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iniūria",
"4": "",
"5": "injustice; wrong; offense"
},
"expansion": "Latin iniūria (“injustice; wrong; offense”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "in- (“not”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ius",
"3": "iūs, iūris",
"4": "right, law"
},
"expansion": "iūs, iūris (“right, law”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from injury, from Anglo-Norman injurie, from Latin iniūria (“injustice; wrong; offense”), from in- (“not”) + iūs, iūris (“right, law”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "injures",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "injuring",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "injured",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "injured",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "injure (third-person singular simple present injures, present participle injuring, simple past and past participle injured)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "injurious"
},
{
"word": "injury"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rugby team's star player got injured in a violent collision.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I injured my ankle playing tennis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature."
],
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To damage or impair."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage or impair."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To do injustice to."
],
"links": [
[
"injustice",
"injustice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To do injustice to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɪn.dʒə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-injure.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-injure.ogg/En-us-injure.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-injure.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harm"
},
{
"word": "damage"
},
{
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"word": "disfigure"
},
{
"word": "wound"
},
{
"word": "mar"
},
{
"word": "impair"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jaraḥa",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "جَرَحَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "yaralamaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "xəsarət gətirmək"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ránicʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́ніць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paránicʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пара́ніць"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "uragan"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ranjávam",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раня́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ranjá",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раня́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asonvsga",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ᎠᏐᏅᏍᎦ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "傷害"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānghài",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "伤害"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "損傷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sǔnshāng",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "损伤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zraňovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ranit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zranit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poranit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "såre"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "kwetsen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blesseren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "vundi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "haavoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blesser"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blechier"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferî"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "verletzen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "agljan",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "travmatízo",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "titrṓskō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τιτρώσκω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "traumatízō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "τραυματίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bláptō",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "βλάπτω"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "blese"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "megsebesít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "megsebez"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "slasa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "særa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "déan díobháil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "díobháil"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "leon"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "gortaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferire"
},
{
"alt": "いためる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "itameru",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "痛める"
},
{
"alt": "きずつける",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizutsukeru",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "傷付ける"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haechida",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "해치다"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "birîndar kirin"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "noceo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ranuva",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ранува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rani",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рани"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "skade"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "såre"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "wierdan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ranić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zranić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "ferir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "machucar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ránitʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́нить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poránitʹ",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пора́нить"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "druhyati",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "द्रुह्यति"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "hinasti",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "हिनस्ति"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "fèrrere"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра̏нити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "rȁniti"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "firiri"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zraňovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "raniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zraniť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poraniť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "raniti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "herir"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "-jeruhi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "skada"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ра́нити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "porányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пора́нити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrányty",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зра́нити"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "anafu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "niweidio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to wound or cause physical harm",
"word": "brifo"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "zərər vurmaq"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "uragan"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razváljam",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разва́лям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povréždam",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "повре́ждам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "vahingoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "blesser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "verletzen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "whakakino"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "tunuhuruhuru"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "hubuu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povredítʹ",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "повреди́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause damage or impair",
"word": "skada"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obíždam",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оби́ждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskǎrbjávam",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оскърбя́вам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "olla epäoikeudenmukainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "loukata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "tunuhuruhuru"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"word": "skade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obižátʹ",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обижа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obídetʹ",
"sense": "to do injustice to",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оби́деть"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"injury"
],
"word": "injure"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "injurie",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French injurie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "injurie"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French injurie",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "injuria"
},
"expansion": "Latin injuria",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iniūria"
},
"expansion": "iniūria",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French injurie, borrowed from Latin injuria, iniūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "injures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "injure f (plural injures)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "injurier"
},
{
"sense": "injurieux",
"word": "injurieusement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"fr:Violence"
],
"glosses": [
"offense, insult"
],
"links": [
[
"offense",
"offense"
],
[
"insult",
"insult"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ̃.ʒyʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-injure.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Fr-injure.ogg/Fr-injure.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Fr-injure.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "injure"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "injūre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "injūre"
},
"expansion": "injūre",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms spelled with J"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "injūrus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of injūrus"
],
"links": [
[
"injūrus",
"injurus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "injure"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.