See mangle on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mingle-mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English mancian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb--QrcLHxA",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "afear"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "chambonear"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-KA1gicTB",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-ZJQ~s6AS",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mengene",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "منكنه"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mengene"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 46 1 8 30 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 44 7 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 3 3 3 9 27 3 4 16 3 1 1 12 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 2 2 10 33 2 3 18 2 1 1 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 41 10 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 38 13 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 41 11 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 41 10 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 43 11 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 44 10 24 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 41 11 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 44 10 24 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 45 8 25 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 10 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 62 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 68 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 56 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 62 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 67 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 36 8 10 28 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts:",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-AXKzLysb",
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-XWEgTu-z",
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mangrove (tree)."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-rAXfpRsX",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "es",
"3": "mangle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangle m (plural mangles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "ca:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mangrove"
],
"id": "en-mangle-ca-noun-XHKwSoOZ",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmaŋ.ɡlə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmaŋ.ɡle]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "mangeln",
"4": "",
"5": "to lack"
},
"expansion": "German mangeln (“to lack”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German mangeln (“to lack”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangl",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "at mangle",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangler",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manglede",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "har manglet",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "manglede",
"11": "perfect tense",
"12": "er/har manglet",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "mangl",
"5": "infinitive",
"6": "at mangle",
"7": "present tense",
"8": "mangler",
"9": "past tense",
"f1accel-form": "imp",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "pres",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "past",
"f4request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "past|part",
"f5request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl, infinitive at mangle, present tense mangler, past tense manglede, perfect tense er/har manglet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mangl",
"2": "mangle",
"3": "mangler",
"4": "manglede",
"5": "er/har",
"6": "manglet"
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl, infinitive at mangle, present tense mangler, past tense manglede, perfect tense er/har manglet)",
"name": "da-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lack"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-4~MV6jar",
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 14 19 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"want"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-hlaqVdOT",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-vo3~ALDU",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be missing"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-nE9bSTph",
"links": [
[
"missing",
"missing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be lacking"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-A5SpzjJH",
"links": [
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be absent"
],
"id": "en-mangle-da-verb-kcya-7Dj",
"links": [
[
"absent",
"absent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/manɡlə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɑŋlə]"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "mangle f (plural mangles)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mangrove (fruit)"
],
"id": "en-mangle-fr-noun-P9urcoZK",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mangle (device)"
],
"id": "en-mangle-fr-noun-0RiIReSJ",
"links": [
[
"mangle",
"mangle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "mangle",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"first-person singular present"
],
"id": "en-mangle-de-verb-h~kGV59U",
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-mangle-de-verb-xMkTNzUy",
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"id": "en-mangle-de-verb-AlFWGiZB",
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/De-mangle.ogg/De-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/De-mangle.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "mangeln"
},
"expansion": "German mangeln",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German mangeln.",
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{
"form": "mangl",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "mangle",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "mangler",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangla",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangla",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglet",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglet",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "mangla",
"11": "or",
"12": "manglet",
"13": "present participle",
"14": "manglende",
"2": "verb",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "mangl",
"5": "or",
"6": "mangle",
"7": "present tense",
"8": "mangler",
"9": "simple past and past participle"
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl or mangle, present tense mangler, simple past and past participle mangla or manglet, present participle manglende)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lack (something)"
],
"id": "en-mangle-nb-verb-crryf5dZ",
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
]
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sai-car"
},
"expansion": "Cariban",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tnq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Taíno",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "awd"
},
"expansion": "Arawakan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Cariban or Taíno/Arawakan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangle m (plural mangles)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"man‧gle"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "es:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "es:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglar"
},
{
"word": "mangle blanco"
},
{
"word": "mangle botoncillo"
},
{
"word": "mangle prieto"
},
{
"word": "mangle rojo"
},
{
"word": "mangle salado"
},
{
"word": "manglero"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora"
],
"id": "en-mangle-es-noun-5MfNlU2l",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
],
[
"Rhizophora",
"Rhizophora#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanɡle/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmãŋ.ɡle]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-anɡle"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "es",
"3": "mangle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangle m (plural mangles)",
"name": "ca-noun"
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],
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Catalan terms derived from Spanish",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"mangrove"
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmaŋ.ɡlə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmaŋ.ɡle]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish terms derived from German",
"Danish verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "mangeln",
"4": "",
"5": "to lack"
},
"expansion": "German mangeln (“to lack”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German mangeln (“to lack”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangl",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "at mangle",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangler",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manglede",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "har manglet",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "manglede",
"11": "perfect tense",
"12": "er/har manglet",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "mangl",
"5": "infinitive",
"6": "at mangle",
"7": "present tense",
"8": "mangler",
"9": "past tense",
"f1accel-form": "imp",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "pres",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "past",
"f4request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "past|part",
"f5request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl, infinitive at mangle, present tense mangler, past tense manglede, perfect tense er/har manglet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mangl",
"2": "mangle",
"3": "mangler",
"4": "manglede",
"5": "er/har",
"6": "manglet"
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl, infinitive at mangle, present tense mangler, past tense manglede, perfect tense er/har manglet)",
"name": "da-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lack"
],
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"want"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be missing"
],
"links": [
[
"missing",
"missing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be lacking"
],
"links": [
[
"lacking",
"lacking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"be absent"
],
"links": [
[
"absent",
"absent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/manɡlə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɑŋlə]"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"word": "mingle-mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English mancian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "afear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "chambonear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts:",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mengene",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "منكنه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mengene"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mangrove (tree)."
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "mangle f (plural mangles)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mangrove (fruit)"
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mangle (device)"
],
"links": [
[
"mangle",
"mangle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-mangle.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "mangle",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"first-person singular present"
],
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangeln"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of mangeln:",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"links": [
[
"mangeln",
"mangeln#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/De-mangle.ogg/De-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/De-mangle.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "de",
"3": "mangeln"
},
"expansion": "German mangeln",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German mangeln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangl",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "mangle",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "mangler",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangla",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangla",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglet",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglet",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manglende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "mangla",
"11": "or",
"12": "manglet",
"13": "present participle",
"14": "manglende",
"2": "verb",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "mangl",
"5": "or",
"6": "mangle",
"7": "present tense",
"8": "mangler",
"9": "simple past and past participle"
},
"expansion": "mangle (imperative mangl or mangle, present tense mangler, simple past and past participle mangla or manglet, present participle manglende)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from German",
"Norwegian Bokmål verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to lack (something)"
],
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglar"
},
{
"word": "mangle blanco"
},
{
"word": "mangle botoncillo"
},
{
"word": "mangle prieto"
},
{
"word": "mangle rojo"
},
{
"word": "mangle salado"
},
{
"word": "manglero"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "sai-car"
},
"expansion": "Cariban",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tnq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Taíno",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "awd"
},
"expansion": "Arawakan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Cariban or Taíno/Arawakan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangle m (plural mangles)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"man‧gle"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/anɡle",
"Rhymes:Spanish/anɡle/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Arawakan languages",
"Spanish terms derived from Cariban languages",
"Spanish terms derived from Taíno",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Botany",
"es:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
],
[
"Rhizophora",
"Rhizophora#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanɡle/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmãŋ.ɡle]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-anɡle"
}
],
"word": "mangle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mangle meaning in All languages combined (27.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. kaléčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. uvéčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.