See mangle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mangle meaning in English (18.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mingle-mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mangler"
},
"expansion": "mangler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mahangler"
},
"expansion": "mahangler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mahaigner",
"3": "",
"4": "to mutilate"
},
"expansion": "mahaigner (“to mutilate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "manken",
"3": "",
"4": "to mutilate"
},
"expansion": "manken (“to mutilate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English mancian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bemancian",
"3": "",
"4": "to maim"
},
"expansion": "bemancian (“to maim”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mank"
},
"expansion": "mank",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 30 9 14 29 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb--QrcLHxA",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 1 10 48 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 9 14 29 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-KA1gicTB",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "manganum"
},
"expansion": "manganum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 30 9 14 29 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-ZJQ~s6AS",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 41 0 12 32 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 30 9 14 29 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-AXKzLysb",
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "manganum"
},
"expansion": "manganum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-XWEgTu-z",
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mangrove (tree)."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-rAXfpRsX",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"word": "mingle-mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mangler"
},
"expansion": "mangler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mahangler"
},
"expansion": "mahangler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mahaigner",
"3": "",
"4": "to mutilate"
},
"expansion": "mahaigner (“to mutilate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "manken",
"3": "",
"4": "to mutilate"
},
"expansion": "manken (“to mutilate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English mancian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bemancian",
"3": "",
"4": "to maim"
},
"expansion": "bemancian (“to maim”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mank"
},
"expansion": "mank",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "manganum"
},
"expansion": "manganum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "manganum"
},
"expansion": "manganum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mangrove (tree)."
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. kaléčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. uvéčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.