See mangle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bemangle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manglingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mingle-mangle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mismangle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unmangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *mancian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, manglen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English *mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb--QrcLHxA",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "door de mangel halen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "knắptō",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "κνᾰ́πτω"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "afear"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "chambonear"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-KA1gicTB",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mangleman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-en:Q856679",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q856679"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mangler"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "wringer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mengene",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "منكنه"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katók",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "като́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mengene"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kotók",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кото́к"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q856679"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 24 17 14 15 3 18 0",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 42 7 24 8",
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "22 39 11 21 8",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 10 21 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 37 10 20 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 39 11 21 8",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 37 10 21 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 39 11 21 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 12 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 39 11 21 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 40 9 21 8",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 42 7 23 8",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 39 10 21 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "33 57 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 58 11",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 53 16",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "31 58 12",
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},
{
"_dis": "31 57 12",
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}
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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68
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"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts:",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-AXKzLysb",
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-verb-XWEgTu-z",
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "mangle"
},
"expansion": "Spanish mangle",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "awd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arawakan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tnq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Taíno",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sai-car",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cariban",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle, mangue, probably from an Arawakan language (such as Taíno), or a Cariban language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Caribbean English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"Any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora, especially the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-M1jONrzY",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"trees",
"tree#Noun"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Rhizophora",
"Rhizophora#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"Any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora, especially the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Caribbean English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 23 31 20 3 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "en:Trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"A forest of such trees."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-Vn7FQ2tk",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"forest",
"forest#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"A forest of such trees."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Caribbean English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 7 9 35 9 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Malpighiales order plants",
"orig": "en:Malpighiales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"Preceded by a descriptive word: any of various shrubs or trees of genera other than Rhizophora which resemble plants of this genus in appearance and habitat."
],
"id": "en-mangle-en-noun-OLIKXxiO",
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"descriptive",
"descriptive#Adjective"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrub#Noun"
],
[
"resemble",
"resemble"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"Preceded by a descriptive word: any of various shrubs or trees of genera other than Rhizophora which resemble plants of this genus in appearance and habitat."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Arawakan languages",
"English terms derived from Cariban languages",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Taíno",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Malpighiales order plants",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bemangle"
},
{
"word": "manglement"
},
{
"word": "manglingly"
},
{
"word": "mingle-mangle"
},
{
"word": "mismangle"
},
{
"word": "unmangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mangelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mangonner",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut to pieces"
},
"expansion": "Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*mankelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *mankelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*mancian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *mancian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mangelen, manglen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.\nAlternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English *mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "c. 1703-20, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage\nwhen they are disposed to mangle a play or a novel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"mutilate",
"mutilate"
],
[
"disfigure",
"disfigure"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"tearing",
"tearing"
],
[
"rearranging",
"rearranging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"identifier",
"identifier"
],
[
"source code",
"source code"
],
[
"unique",
"unique"
],
[
"internal",
"internal"
],
[
"compiler",
"compiler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjávam",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obezobrazjá",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обезобразя́"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mrzačit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "door de mangel halen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "ruhjoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "runnoa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "murjoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutiler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "verstümmeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zerfleischen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "durch die Mangel drehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "kalandrieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "zurichten"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "knắptō",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "κνᾰ́πτω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "maciullare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "dilaniare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "storpiare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "discerpō"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mudar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutila"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "sfârtica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "distort",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskažátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "искажа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "shred",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kromsátʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кромса́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "spoil",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pórtitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "по́ртить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kaléčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кале́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uvéčitʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уве́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mutilate, spoil badly",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uródovatʹ",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уро́довать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mutilar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "desfigurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "afear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "chambonear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to change, mutilate or disfigure",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Arawakan languages",
"English terms derived from Cariban languages",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Taíno",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Malpighiales order plants",
"en:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mangleman"
},
{
"word": "put through the mangle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"roller",
"roller"
],
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q856679"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mangler"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q856679"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
68
]
],
"ref": "1993, John Banville, Ghosts:",
"text": "There was a bright-red plastic baby-bath, a car tyre, a rusty mangle, and something that looked like a primitive version of a washing machine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer."
],
"links": [
[
"wringer",
"wringer"
],
[
"washing machine",
"washing machine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "presa",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преса"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandl"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "wringer"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mankeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "essoreuse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wäschemangel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rollmangel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mángorló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangano"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mengene",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "منكنه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maglownica"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "magiel"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangăl"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katók",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "като́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "calandria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"word": "mengene"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kotók",
"sense": "a hand-operated device with rollers for wringing laundry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кото́к"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Arawakan languages",
"English terms derived from Cariban languages",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle High German",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Taíno",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Malpighiales order plants",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "mangel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mangel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mangel"
},
"expansion": "German Mangel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mange"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mange",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "manga"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin manga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μάγγανον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mangonel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mangonel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ca. 1700, from Dutch mangel, from Early Modern German Mangel (15th c.), enhanced form (by analogy with other tool names in -el) of Middle High German mange, from Medieval Latin manga, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon). Doublet of mangonel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wring laundry."
],
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mandlovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ždímat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mankeloida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "essorer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "wringen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "auswringen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mángorol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "maglować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zmaglować"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangălui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyžimátʹ",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выжима́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to wring laundry",
"word": "mangla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Arawakan languages",
"English terms derived from Cariban languages",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Taíno",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/æŋɡəl/2 syllables",
"en:Malpighiales order plants",
"en:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "mangle"
},
"expansion": "Spanish mangle",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "awd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arawakan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tnq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Taíno",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sai-car",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cariban",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish mangle, mangue, probably from an Arawakan language (such as Taíno), or a Cariban language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mangles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangle (plural mangles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Caribbean English",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"Any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora, especially the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)."
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"trees",
"tree#Noun"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Rhizophora",
"Rhizophora#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"Any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora, especially the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Caribbean English"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"A forest of such trees."
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"forest",
"forest#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"A forest of such trees."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Caribbean English"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mangrove.",
"Preceded by a descriptive word: any of various shrubs or trees of genera other than Rhizophora which resemble plants of this genus in appearance and habitat."
],
"links": [
[
"mangrove",
"mangrove#English"
],
[
"descriptive",
"descriptive#Adjective"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
],
[
"shrubs",
"shrub#Noun"
],
[
"resemble",
"resemble"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.",
"Preceded by a descriptive word: any of various shrubs or trees of genera other than Rhizophora which resemble plants of this genus in appearance and habitat."
],
"tags": [
"Caribbean",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mangle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg/En-us-mangle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/En-us-mangle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æŋɡəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mangle"
],
"word": "mangle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mangle meaning in English (23.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. kaléčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": mutilate vs. uvéčitʹ",
"path": [
"mangle"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mangle",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.