See impair on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "impairment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impairing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impaired",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impaired",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (third-person singular simple present impairs, present participle impairing, simple past and past participle impaired)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 January 22, Stuart Jeffries, “Terry Jones obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "In 2016, it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a form of dementia that impairs the ability to communicate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-verb-zjRhmZto",
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otslabvam",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "отслабвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ayosdodi",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beschadigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verslechteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "haitata"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "détériorer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "abîmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "affaiblir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "affecter"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "altérer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "impacter"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beeinträchtigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"english": "reputation",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schädigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beschädigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schwächen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "vermindern"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verschlechtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schmälern"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "marzjan",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ront"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "elront"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "rongál"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "megrongál"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "károsít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "csorbít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "gyengít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "meggyengít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "csökkent"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "megrendít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "domajar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "whakahauā"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "prejudicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "enfraquecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "empiorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "piorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "afecta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "diminua"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "deteriora"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oslabljátʹ",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ослабля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "deteriorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "empeorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "descomponer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "azaltmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "kötüleştirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "zarar vermek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "zayıflatmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "sınırlamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Flesh may empaire,[…]but reason can repaire.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grow worse; to deteriorate."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-verb-EIJ5C8AK",
"links": [
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To grow worse; to deteriorate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more impair",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most impair",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (comparative more impair, superlative most impair)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 6 12 14 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 14 8 8 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 10 6 8 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 8 5 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 10 8 9 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 8 5 10 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 12 7 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 10 8 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 12 6 8 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 10 9 10 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 6 7 12 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 8 19 8 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 8 5 10 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 10 8 9 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 8 7 15 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 10 8 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 9 5 10 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 11 6 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 10 8 8 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:",
"text": "giues he not till iudgement guide his bounty, / Nor dignifies an impaire thought with breath:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not fit or appropriate; unsuitable."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-adj-pPiMFi2q",
"links": [
[
"unsuitable",
"unsuitable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Not fit or appropriate; unsuitable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impair",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impair",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "impair (plural impair or impairs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The act of impairing or deteriorating."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-noun-CkCUdnbT",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of impairing or deteriorating."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The fact of being impaired or having grown worse."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-noun-uFFadboC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The fact of being impaired or having grown worse."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1671, Thomas Watson, The Beatitudes, pages 146–147:",
"text": "Suppoſe a mans credit ſhould ſuffer an impair with thoſe whoſe cenſure is not to be valued; yet think, which is worſe, ſhame or ſin? Wilt thou ſin againſt God to ſave thy credit?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An impairment or deterioration."
],
"id": "en-impair-en-noun-nHVRyDa2",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An impairment or deterioration."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "impār"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin impār",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "in-",
"3": "pair",
"alt1": "im-"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, im- + pair",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin impār. By surface analysis, im- + pair.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impaire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impaires",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (feminine impaire, masculine plural impairs, feminine plural impaires)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pair"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms prefixed with in-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fonction impaire"
},
{
"word": "nombre impair"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "3 is an odd number.",
"text": "3 est un nombre impair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"odd (of a number)"
],
"id": "en-impair-fr-adj-8LckFKP4",
"links": [
[
"odd",
"odd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impairment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "impairing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "impaired",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "impaired",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (third-person singular simple present impairs, present participle impairing, simple past and past participle impaired)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 January 22, Stuart Jeffries, “Terry Jones obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "In 2016, it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a form of dementia that impairs the ability to communicate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on."
],
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"negative",
"negative"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Flesh may empaire,[…]but reason can repaire.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grow worse; to deteriorate."
],
"links": [
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To grow worse; to deteriorate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinder"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otslabvam",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "отслабвам"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ayosdodi",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beschadigen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verslechteren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "haitata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "détériorer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "abîmer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "affaiblir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "affecter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "altérer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "impacter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beeinträchtigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "reputation",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schädigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "beschädigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schwächen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "vermindern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "verschlechtern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "schmälern"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "marzjan",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ront"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "elront"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "rongál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "megrongál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "károsít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "csorbít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "gyengít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "meggyengít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "csökkent"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "megrendít"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "domajar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "whakahauā"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "prejudicar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "enfraquecer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "empiorar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "piorar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "afecta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "diminua"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "deteriora"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oslabljátʹ",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "ослабля́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "deteriorar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "empeorar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "descomponer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "azaltmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "kötüleştirmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "zarar vermek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "zayıflatmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "have a diminishing effect on",
"word": "sınırlamak"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more impair",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most impair",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (comparative more impair, superlative most impair)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:",
"text": "giues he not till iudgement guide his bounty, / Nor dignifies an impaire thought with breath:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not fit or appropriate; unsuitable."
],
"links": [
[
"unsuitable",
"unsuitable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Not fit or appropriate; unsuitable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "impairen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English impairen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "empoirier",
"4": "empeirier"
},
"expansion": "Old French empeirier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "impeioro",
"4": "impeiōrāre"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "peiōrō",
"4": "peiōrāre",
"t": "worsen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English impairen, empeiren, from Old French empeirier, from Early Medieval Latin impeiōrāre, from in- + Late Latin peiōrāre (“worsen”), from peiōrem (“worse”), comparative of malus (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impair",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impair",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "impair (plural impair or impairs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of impairing or deteriorating."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The act of impairing or deteriorating."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The fact of being impaired or having grown worse."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The fact of being impaired or having grown worse."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1671, Thomas Watson, The Beatitudes, pages 146–147:",
"text": "Suppoſe a mans credit ſhould ſuffer an impair with thoſe whoſe cenſure is not to be valued; yet think, which is worſe, ſhame or ſin? Wilt thou ſin againſt God to ſave thy credit?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An impairment or deterioration."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An impairment or deterioration."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-impair.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-impair.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "empair"
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pair"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fonction impaire"
},
{
"word": "nombre impair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "impār"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin impār",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "in-",
"3": "pair",
"alt1": "im-"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, im- + pair",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin impār. By surface analysis, im- + pair.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "impaire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "impairs",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "impaires",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "impair (feminine impaire, masculine plural impairs, feminine plural impaires)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pair"
}
],
"categories": [
"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms prefixed with in-",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "3 is an odd number.",
"text": "3 est un nombre impair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"odd (of a number)"
],
"links": [
[
"odd",
"odd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "impair"
}
Download raw JSONL data for impair meaning in All languages combined (18.3kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: German: (1) beeinträchtigen (de), schädigen (de) (reputation), beschädigen (de), schwächen (de), vermindern (de), verschlechtern (de), schmälern (de)",
"path": [
"impair"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "impair",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.