See defile on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for defile meaning in All languages combined (72.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "defilement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "defiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "defiling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰleh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defilen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "defelen, defoilen, defyle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defoulen",
"t": "to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc."
},
"expansion": "defoulen (“to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defoilen"
},
"expansion": "defoilen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Defoulen"
},
"expansion": "Defoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler",
"t": "to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler (“to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "de-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "de- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fouler",
"t": "to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "foler",
"t": "to destroy; to mistreat"
},
"expansion": "foler (“to destroy; to mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "fullare",
"t": "to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin fullare (“to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"t": "person who fulls cloth, fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“person who fulls cloth, fuller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰleh₃-",
"t": "to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ett",
"3": "𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖 (φulu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de-",
"3": "file",
"pos1": "intensifying prefix",
"t2": "(archaic) to corrupt; to defile"
},
"expansion": "de- (intensifying prefix) + file (“(archaic) to corrupt; to defile”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "defilen"
},
"expansion": "defilen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "defoulen"
},
"expansion": "defoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befilen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander"
},
"expansion": "befilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befoulen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify"
},
"expansion": "befoulen (“to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "filen",
"t": "to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc."
},
"expansion": "filen (“to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foulen",
"t": "to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample"
},
"expansion": "foulen (“to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Filen"
},
"expansion": "Filen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "foulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fȳlan",
"t": "to befoul, defile, pollute"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳlan (“to befoul, defile, pollute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūlian",
"t": "to foul"
},
"expansion": "fūlian (“to foul”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūlijan",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make dirty, befoul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fūlijaną",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną (“to make dirty, befoul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fūlaz",
"t": "dirty, foul; rotten"
},
"expansion": "*fūlaz (“dirty, foul; rotten”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*puH-",
"t": "foul; rotten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“foul; rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bevuilen",
"t": "to defile, soil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bevuilen (“to defile, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English defilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress”) [and other forms], a variant of defoulen (“to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”) (compare also defoilen). Defoulen is derived from Old French defouler (“to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate”), from de- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + fouler (“to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress”), foler (“to destroy; to mistreat”) (from Vulgar Latin fullare (“to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)”), from Latin fullō (“person who fulls cloth, fuller”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower”) or Etruscan 𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖 (φulu)). The English word is analysable as de- (intensifying prefix) + file (“(archaic) to corrupt; to defile”).\nThe Middle English word defilen was probably formed from defoulen on the analogy of befilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander”) and befoulen (“to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify”), respectively from filen (“to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”) and foulen (“to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample”). Filen and foulen are respectively from Old English fȳlan (“to befoul, defile, pollute”) and fūlian (“to foul”), both from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make dirty, befoul”), from Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną (“to make dirty, befoul”), from *fūlaz (“dirty, foul; rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“foul; rotten”).\ncognates\n* Dutch bevuilen (“to defile, soil”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "clean"
},
{
"word": "purify"
},
{
"word": "make clean"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911 October, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “The Journey”, in The Forerunner: A Monthly Magazine, volume II, number 10, New York, N.Y.: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, →OCLC, page 271, column 1",
"text": "“That's only dirt—it will brush off.” But he looked at me with his haggard hopeless eyes and said— “It is mud. Black, slimy, horrible mud. I am defiled.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-5WfmX4vj",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"befoul",
"befoul"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "contaminate"
},
{
"word": "pollute"
},
{
"word": "spoil"
},
{
"word": "sully"
},
{
"word": "dirty"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskvernjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "осквернявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "contaminar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "embrutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "pol·luir"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūhuì",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "污秽"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pošpinit"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poskvrnit"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bevuilen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bezoedelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "onrein maken"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ontreinigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "verontreinigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "malpurigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "verunreinigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "bisauljan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leróno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "λερώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "magarízo",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μαγαρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "molýno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μολύνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rypaíno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ρυπαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vevilóno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "βεβηλώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "miaínō",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μιαίνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "molúnō",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μολύνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bemocskol"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "beszennyez"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "éilligh"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "salaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "truailligh"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"alt": "ぼうとく する",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bōtoku suru",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "冒涜する"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"alt": "にごす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigosu",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "濁す"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"alt": "よごす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yogosu",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "汚す"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "coinquinō"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "inquinō"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "polluo"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "scelerō"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "hāparu"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "whakapoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "polluten"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bædan"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lagadmâl kardan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "لگدمال کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ve'orreinjen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskvernjátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оскверня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "corrupt",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlevátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растлева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "corrupt",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "развраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "contaminar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "impurificar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "profanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "kutia najisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "orena"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 19 0 10 0 0 20 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashmutsn",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "באַשמוצן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) morally impure or unclean; to corrupt, to tarnish."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-QozOO-vS",
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) morally impure or unclean; to corrupt, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hallow"
},
{
"word": "sanctify"
},
{
"word": "consecrate"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 3 8 19 3 2 13 4 11 2 1 16 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To urinate on someone’s grave is an example of a way to defile it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act inappropriately towards or vandalize (something sacred or special); to desecrate, to profane."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-wHe46-3-",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"inappropriately",
"inappropriately"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"sacred",
"sacred"
],
[
"special",
"special#Adjective"
],
[
"desecrate",
"desecrate"
],
[
"profane",
"profane#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To act inappropriately towards or vandalize (something sacred or special); to desecrate, to profane."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desecrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "en:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something or someone) to become ritually unclean."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-h1nMzXQb",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"ritually",
"ritually"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(religion) To cause (something or someone) to become ritually unclean."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 3 8 19 3 2 13 4 11 2 1 16 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The serial rapist kidnapped and defiled a six-year-old girl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deprive (someone) of their sexual chastity or purity, often not consensually; to deflower, to rape."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-NqgASbjj",
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"chastity",
"chastity"
],
[
"purity",
"purity"
],
[
"consensually",
"consensually"
],
[
"deflower",
"deflower"
],
[
"rape",
"rape#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete)",
"To deprive (someone) of their sexual chastity or purity, often not consensually; to deflower, to rape."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ravish"
},
{
"word": "violate"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To dishonour (someone)."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-CGXbP88h",
"links": [
[
"dishonour",
"dishonour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete)",
"To dishonour (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1672 January 16 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Caryl, “Sermon II”, in The Nature and Principles of Love, as the End of the Commandment. […], London: […] John Hancock, Senior and Junior, […], published 1673, →OCLC, page 79",
"text": "[Y]ou vvill find if you do not daily ſvveep you houſes, they vvill defile; and the cob-vvebs they vvill grovv; the Spiders vvill be at vvork; and though your hearts be never ſo pure, Spiders vvill creep into them, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become dirty or unclean."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-H7EAKfxi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To become dirty or unclean."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 3 8 19 3 2 13 4 11 2 1 16 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 8 16 4 2 10 4 10 2 1 20 2 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 14 14 14 10 9 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 11 5 5 7 7 7 5 4 10 2 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with de- (intensifying)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 8 16 3 2 11 4 12 3 1 22 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 5 14 5 3 10 5 11 3 2 20 1 6 5",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause uncleanliness; specifically, to pass feces; to defecate."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-ShaO16Lx",
"links": [
[
"uncleanliness",
"uncleanliness"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To cause uncleanliness; specifically, to pass feces; to defecate."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "*dwís",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to march; to parade"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to march; to parade”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer",
"t": "to thread through (a crowd)"
},
"expansion": "filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "filāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin filāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum",
"t": "fibre, filament, string, thread"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "file",
"t": "line of objects placed one after the other, file"
},
"expansion": "file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer"
},
"expansion": "filer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fil",
"t": "thread, yarn; wire"
},
"expansion": "fil (“thread, yarn; wire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fil"
},
"expansion": "Old French fil",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé",
"t": "parade, procession"
},
"expansion": "French défilé (“parade, procession”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défiler",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "défiler (verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwís\nThe verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following:\n* filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-).\n* file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above).\nThe noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree (Vintage Contemporaries), New York, N.Y.: Vintage International, Vintage Books, published May 1992, page 138",
"text": "They [pigs] defiled down a gully to the water and bunched and jerked their noses at it and came back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To march in a single file or line; to file."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-00sN0tN6",
"links": [
[
"march",
"march#Verb"
],
[
"single",
"single#Adjective"
],
[
"file",
"file#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"file",
"file#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To march in a single file or line; to file."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "defiliram",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефилирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "marssia jonossa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "défiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "defilíra",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефили́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilirovatʹ",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефилировать"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "desfilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "defilera"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 25 30 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To march across (a place) in files or lines."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-OWv7~VKz",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To march across (a place) in files or lines."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fara San Martino"
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "*dwís",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to march; to parade"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to march; to parade”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer",
"t": "to thread through (a crowd)"
},
"expansion": "filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "filāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin filāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum",
"t": "fibre, filament, string, thread"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "file",
"t": "line of objects placed one after the other, file"
},
"expansion": "file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer"
},
"expansion": "filer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fil",
"t": "thread, yarn; wire"
},
"expansion": "fil (“thread, yarn; wire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fil"
},
"expansion": "Old French fil",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé",
"t": "parade, procession"
},
"expansion": "French défilé (“parade, procession”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défiler",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "défiler (verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwís\nThe verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following:\n* filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-).\n* file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above).\nThe noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (plural defiles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "defilade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "enfilade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "enfile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "glen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "defilement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 30 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1960, Plutarch, “Nicias [c. 470–413 b.c.]”, in Ian Scott-Kilvert, transl., The Rise and Fall of Athens: Nine Greek Lives […] (Penguin Classics; L102), London: Penguin Books, published 1967, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "The next morning the enemy were on the march before him, seized the defiles, blocked the fords of the rivers, destroyed the bridges, and sent out cavalry to patrol the open ground, so as to oppose the Athenians at every step as they retreated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1962 January, “Motive Power Transition on the Kyle Line”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allen Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, photograph caption, page 17",
"text": "On the final stages of the run from Inverness Class 5 4-6-0 No. 45066 winds its train through narrow rock defiles alongside Loch Carron at the approach to Kyle of Lochalsh.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 15, Dr Joseph Brennan, “A crucial part of our nation's defences”, in RAIL, number 996, page 60",
"text": "\"For the first time in 125 years a powerful enemy was now established across the narrow waters of the English Channel. ... Many people must have been bewildered by the innumerable activities all around them. They could understand the necessity for wiring and mining the beaches, the anti-tank obstacles at the defiles, the concrete pillboxes at the cross-roads, the intrusions into their houses to fill an attic with sandbags, on to their golf-courses or most fertile fields and gardens to burrow out some wide anti-tank ditch.\" So wrote Winston Churchill in Their Finest Hour, published in 1949.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A narrow passage or way (originally (military), one which soldiers could only march through in a single file or line), especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-noun-MEHpo0~v",
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow#Adjective"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"soldiers",
"soldier#Noun"
],
[
"march",
"march#Verb"
],
[
"single",
"single#Adjective"
],
[
"file",
"file#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge#Noun"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "defile",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boaz",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prohod",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проход"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "engte"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "sola"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quenlla"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "groba"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bergpass"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Engpass"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlweg"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pass"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dervéni",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δερβένι"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "angustiae"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "furculae"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pylae"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saltus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kapiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kōaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kopia"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "boğaz",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "بوغاز"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dere",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "دره"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilé",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле́"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tesnína",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тесни́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "úzkij proxód",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "у́зкий прохо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѝсура"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "тјѐснац"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klìsura"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tjèsnac"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfiladero"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "angostura"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrecho"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paso"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "banawag"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 30 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of marching in files or lines."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-noun-FXq9VwYb",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military)",
"An act of marching in files or lines."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 30 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file."
],
"id": "en-defile-en-noun-9BEmeUhj",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military)",
"A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"word": "jono"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"word": "défilé"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parélasi",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρέλαση"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilé",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле́"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfile"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 2 76",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fila india"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "sense 1",
"word": "defilé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "sense 1",
"word": "defilee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"sense": "sense 2.1",
"word": "défilé"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fara San Martino"
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "desfilher",
"t": "to unthread"
},
"expansion": "Middle French desfilher (“to unthread”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘not’"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix meaning ‘not’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "enfiler",
"t": "to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)"
},
"expansion": "enfiler (“to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘in, into; on, on to’"
},
"expansion": "en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into; on, on to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "filer (verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "file",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "file (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread”) (compare Middle French desfilher (“to unthread”)), from dé- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + enfiler (“to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)”) (from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into; on, on to’) + filer (verb) or file (noun); see etymology 2).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "defilement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of defilade (“to fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire”)"
],
"id": "en-defile-en-verb-ImUXHoqk",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"defilade",
"defilade#English"
],
[
"fortify",
"fortify"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"enfilading",
"enfilade"
],
[
"fire",
"fire#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, military, rare) Synonym of defilade (“to fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“to fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire”)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
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}
],
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"transitive"
],
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"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
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},
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},
{
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"2": "fr",
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},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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},
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{
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},
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},
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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{
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{
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
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}
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{
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}
],
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],
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[
"military",
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],
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
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[
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[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"raising",
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],
[
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[
"works",
"work#Noun"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
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"interior#Noun"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
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"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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},
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
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}
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"args": {
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},
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{
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{
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"2": "file",
"3": "",
"4": "file"
},
"expansion": "file (“file”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
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{
"form": "défilé",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
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"plural"
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},
{
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"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemu",
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"second-person"
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},
{
"form": "defilenya",
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"third-person"
]
}
],
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"name": "id-noun"
}
],
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},
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"word": "berdefile"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-defile-id-noun-1L15o3Qr",
"links": [
[
"parade",
"parade"
],
[
"procession",
"procession"
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[
"march-past",
"march-past"
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],
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{
"word": "parade"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/deˈfile/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-le"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
}
],
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}
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"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé"
},
"expansion": "French défilé",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"form": "defìlē",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "дефѝле̄",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
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},
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},
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{
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"plural"
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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"locative",
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},
{
"form": "defileom",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "defileima",
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"instrumental",
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}
],
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],
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},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "3 1 4 7 2 2 5 3 5 1 1 8 2 2 2 17 22 6 9",
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}
],
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],
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[
"march-past",
"march-past"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/defǐleː/"
}
],
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}
{
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"args": {
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},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French défilé",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French défilé",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French défilé.",
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"form": "defileyi",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "defileler",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
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},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
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},
{
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]
},
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "defileleri",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defileye",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelere",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerde",
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"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defileden",
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"ablative",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "defilelerden",
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"ablative",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "defilenin",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerin",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "defilem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerin",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesi",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileleri",
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"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemiz",
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"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimiz",
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"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defileniz",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileleriniz",
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"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileleri",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defileni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "defileyi",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "defileler",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "defile (definite accusative defileyi, plural defileler)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ler"
},
"expansion": "defile (definite accusative defileyi, plural defileler)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧fi‧le"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geçit resmi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geçit töreni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "moda"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Fashion",
"orig": "tr:Fashion",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Culture",
"Human",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fashion parade where models walk on stage to promote clothes."
],
"id": "en-defile-tr-noun-F~YZ5wWh",
"links": [
[
"fashion parade",
"fashion parade"
],
[
"models",
"model"
],
[
"stage",
"stage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fashion show."
],
"id": "en-defile-tr-noun-1nJ1FMka",
"links": [
[
"fashion show",
"fashion show"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/de.fiˈle/"
},
{
"ipa": "/de.fiːˈle/"
}
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Etruscan",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with de-",
"English terms prefixed with de- (intensifying)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables",
"en:Landforms",
"tr:Fashion"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "defilement"
},
{
"word": "defiler"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "defiling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰleh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "defilen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English defilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "defelen, defoilen, defyle",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defoulen",
"t": "to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc."
},
"expansion": "defoulen (“to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "defoilen"
},
"expansion": "defoilen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Defoulen"
},
"expansion": "Defoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "defouler",
"t": "to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate"
},
"expansion": "Old French defouler (“to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "de-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "de- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fouler",
"t": "to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "foler",
"t": "to destroy; to mistreat"
},
"expansion": "foler (“to destroy; to mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "fullare",
"t": "to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin fullare (“to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"t": "person who fulls cloth, fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“person who fulls cloth, fuller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰleh₃-",
"t": "to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ett",
"3": "𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖 (φulu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de-",
"3": "file",
"pos1": "intensifying prefix",
"t2": "(archaic) to corrupt; to defile"
},
"expansion": "de- (intensifying prefix) + file (“(archaic) to corrupt; to defile”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "defilen"
},
"expansion": "defilen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "defoulen"
},
"expansion": "defoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befilen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander"
},
"expansion": "befilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befoulen",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify"
},
"expansion": "befoulen (“to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "filen",
"t": "to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc."
},
"expansion": "filen (“to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foulen",
"t": "to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample"
},
"expansion": "foulen (“to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "Filen"
},
"expansion": "Filen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "foulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fȳlan",
"t": "to befoul, defile, pollute"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳlan (“to befoul, defile, pollute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūlian",
"t": "to foul"
},
"expansion": "fūlian (“to foul”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūlijan",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make dirty, befoul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fūlijaną",
"t": "to make dirty, befoul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną (“to make dirty, befoul”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fūlaz",
"t": "dirty, foul; rotten"
},
"expansion": "*fūlaz (“dirty, foul; rotten”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*puH-",
"t": "foul; rotten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“foul; rotten”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bevuilen",
"t": "to defile, soil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bevuilen (“to defile, soil”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English defilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to rape; to slander; to abuse; to destroy; to injure; to treat unfairly, oppress”) [and other forms], a variant of defoulen (“to make dirty, defile, pollute; to contaminate (the body or an organ) with dirt or disease; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to violate (the sanctity of marriage, an agreement or oath, etc.); to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”) (compare also defoilen). Defoulen is derived from Old French defouler (“to trample; to oppress; to outrage; to pollute; to violate”), from de- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + fouler (“to trample, tread on; to mistreat, oppress”), foler (“to destroy; to mistreat”) (from Vulgar Latin fullare (“to full (make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating, and pressing)”), from Latin fullō (“person who fulls cloth, fuller”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell; to bloom, flower”) or Etruscan 𐌘𐌖𐌋𐌖 (φulu)). The English word is analysable as de- (intensifying prefix) + file (“(archaic) to corrupt; to defile”).\nThe Middle English word defilen was probably formed from defoulen on the analogy of befilen (“to make dirty, befoul; to corrupt; to violate one's chastity; to desecrate; to slander”) and befoulen (“to make dirty, befoul; to violate one's chastity; to vilify”), respectively from filen (“to make foul, impure, or unclean, pollute; to pollute morally or spiritually; to desecrate, profane; to have sexual intercourse with; to rape; etc.”) and foulen (“to make dirty, pollute; to become dirty; to defecate; to deface or deform; to pollute morally or spiritually; to damage, injure; to destroy; to treat unfairly, oppress; to tread on, trample”). Filen and foulen are respectively from Old English fȳlan (“to befoul, defile, pollute”) and fūlian (“to foul”), both from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make dirty, befoul”), from Proto-Germanic *fūlijaną (“to make dirty, befoul”), from *fūlaz (“dirty, foul; rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“foul; rotten”).\ncognates\n* Dutch bevuilen (“to defile, soil”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "clean"
},
{
"word": "purify"
},
{
"word": "make clean"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911 October, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “The Journey”, in The Forerunner: A Monthly Magazine, volume II, number 10, New York, N.Y.: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, →OCLC, page 271, column 1",
"text": "“That's only dirt—it will brush off.” But he looked at me with his haggard hopeless eyes and said— “It is mud. Black, slimy, horrible mud. I am defiled.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"befoul",
"befoul"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "contaminate"
},
{
"word": "pollute"
},
{
"word": "spoil"
},
{
"word": "sully"
},
{
"word": "dirty"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) morally impure or unclean; to corrupt, to tarnish."
],
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt#Verb"
],
[
"tarnish",
"tarnish#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) morally impure or unclean; to corrupt, to tarnish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hallow"
},
{
"word": "sanctify"
},
{
"word": "consecrate"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To urinate on someone’s grave is an example of a way to defile it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act inappropriately towards or vandalize (something sacred or special); to desecrate, to profane."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"inappropriately",
"inappropriately"
],
[
"vandalize",
"vandalize"
],
[
"sacred",
"sacred"
],
[
"special",
"special#Adjective"
],
[
"desecrate",
"desecrate"
],
[
"profane",
"profane#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To act inappropriately towards or vandalize (something sacred or special); to desecrate, to profane."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desecrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something or someone) to become ritually unclean."
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"ritually",
"ritually"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(religion) To cause (something or someone) to become ritually unclean."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The serial rapist kidnapped and defiled a six-year-old girl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deprive (someone) of their sexual chastity or purity, often not consensually; to deflower, to rape."
],
"links": [
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"chastity",
"chastity"
],
[
"purity",
"purity"
],
[
"consensually",
"consensually"
],
[
"deflower",
"deflower"
],
[
"rape",
"rape#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete)",
"To deprive (someone) of their sexual chastity or purity, often not consensually; to deflower, to rape."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ravish"
},
{
"word": "violate"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vitiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To dishonour (someone)."
],
"links": [
[
"dishonour",
"dishonour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete)",
"To dishonour (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1672 January 16 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Caryl, “Sermon II”, in The Nature and Principles of Love, as the End of the Commandment. […], London: […] John Hancock, Senior and Junior, […], published 1673, →OCLC, page 79",
"text": "[Y]ou vvill find if you do not daily ſvveep you houſes, they vvill defile; and the cob-vvebs they vvill grovv; the Spiders vvill be at vvork; and though your hearts be never ſo pure, Spiders vvill creep into them, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become dirty or unclean."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To become dirty or unclean."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause uncleanliness; specifically, to pass feces; to defecate."
],
"links": [
[
"uncleanliness",
"uncleanliness"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete)",
"To cause uncleanliness; specifically, to pass feces; to defecate."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opetnjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "опетнявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oskvernjavam",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "осквернявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "contaminar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "embrutar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "pol·luir"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wūhuì",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "污秽"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pošpinit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poskvrnit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bevuilen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bezoedelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "onrein maken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ontreinigen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "verontreinigen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "malpurigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "tahrata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "souiller"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "verunreinigen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "bisauljan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leróno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "λερώνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "magarízo",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μαγαρίζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "molýno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μολύνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rypaíno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ρυπαίνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vevilóno",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "βεβηλώνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "miaínō",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μιαίνω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "molúnō",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "μολύνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bemocskol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "beszennyez"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "éilligh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "salaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "truailligh"
},
{
"alt": "ぼうとく する",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bōtoku suru",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "冒涜する"
},
{
"alt": "にごす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nigosu",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "濁す"
},
{
"alt": "よごす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yogosu",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "汚す"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "coinquinō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "inquinō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "polluo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "scelerō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "hāparu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "whakapoke"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "polluten"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "bædan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lagadmâl kardan",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "لگدمال کردن"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ve'orreinjen"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "conspurcar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "spurca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páčkatʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "па́чкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "marátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagrjaznjátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "загрязня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oskvernjátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оскверня́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "corrupt",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastlevátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растлева́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "corrupt",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvraščátʹ",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "развраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "contaminar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "ensuciar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "impurificar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "profanar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "kutia najisi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "orena"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashmutsn",
"sense": "to make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean",
"word": "באַשמוצן"
}
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwís",
"English terms prefixed with de- (intensifying)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables",
"en:Landforms",
"en:Military",
"tr:Fashion"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "*dwís",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to march; to parade"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to march; to parade”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer",
"t": "to thread through (a crowd)"
},
"expansion": "filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "filāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin filāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum",
"t": "fibre, filament, string, thread"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "file",
"t": "line of objects placed one after the other, file"
},
"expansion": "file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer"
},
"expansion": "filer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fil",
"t": "thread, yarn; wire"
},
"expansion": "fil (“thread, yarn; wire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fil"
},
"expansion": "Old French fil",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé",
"t": "parade, procession"
},
"expansion": "French défilé (“parade, procession”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défiler",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "défiler (verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwís\nThe verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following:\n* filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-).\n* file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above).\nThe noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "defiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree (Vintage Contemporaries), New York, N.Y.: Vintage International, Vintage Books, published May 1992, page 138",
"text": "They [pigs] defiled down a gully to the water and bunched and jerked their noses at it and came back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To march in a single file or line; to file."
],
"links": [
[
"march",
"march#Verb"
],
[
"single",
"single#Adjective"
],
[
"file",
"file#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"file",
"file#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To march in a single file or line; to file."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To march across (a place) in files or lines."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To march across (a place) in files or lines."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "defiliram",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефилирам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "marssia jonossa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "défiler"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "defilíra",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефили́ра"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilirovatʹ",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "дефилировать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "desfilar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to march in a single file or line — see also file",
"word": "defilera"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fara San Martino"
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwís",
"English terms prefixed with de- (intensifying)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables",
"en:Landforms",
"en:Military",
"tr:Fashion"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "*dwís",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to march; to parade"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to march; to parade”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer",
"t": "to thread through (a crowd)"
},
"expansion": "filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "filāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin filāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum",
"t": "fibre, filament, string, thread"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "file",
"t": "line of objects placed one after the other, file"
},
"expansion": "file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "filer"
},
"expansion": "filer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fil",
"t": "thread, yarn; wire"
},
"expansion": "fil (“thread, yarn; wire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fil"
},
"expansion": "Old French fil",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fīlum"
},
"expansion": "Latin fīlum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défilé",
"t": "parade, procession"
},
"expansion": "French défilé (“parade, procession”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "défiler",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "défiler (verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *dwís\nThe verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following:\n* filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-).\n* file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above).\nThe noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "defiles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "defile (plural defiles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧file"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "defilade"
},
{
"word": "defilement"
},
{
"word": "enfilade"
},
{
"word": "enfile"
},
{
"word": "glen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1960, Plutarch, “Nicias [c. 470–413 b.c.]”, in Ian Scott-Kilvert, transl., The Rise and Fall of Athens: Nine Greek Lives […] (Penguin Classics; L102), London: Penguin Books, published 1967, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "The next morning the enemy were on the march before him, seized the defiles, blocked the fords of the rivers, destroyed the bridges, and sent out cavalry to patrol the open ground, so as to oppose the Athenians at every step as they retreated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1962 January, “Motive Power Transition on the Kyle Line”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allen Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, photograph caption, page 17",
"text": "On the final stages of the run from Inverness Class 5 4-6-0 No. 45066 winds its train through narrow rock defiles alongside Loch Carron at the approach to Kyle of Lochalsh.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 15, Dr Joseph Brennan, “A crucial part of our nation's defences”, in RAIL, number 996, page 60",
"text": "\"For the first time in 125 years a powerful enemy was now established across the narrow waters of the English Channel. ... Many people must have been bewildered by the innumerable activities all around them. They could understand the necessity for wiring and mining the beaches, the anti-tank obstacles at the defiles, the concrete pillboxes at the cross-roads, the intrusions into their houses to fill an attic with sandbags, on to their golf-courses or most fertile fields and gardens to burrow out some wide anti-tank ditch.\" So wrote Winston Churchill in Their Finest Hour, published in 1949.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A narrow passage or way (originally (military), one which soldiers could only march through in a single file or line), especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains."
],
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow#Adjective"
],
[
"passage",
"passage#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"soldiers",
"soldier#Noun"
],
[
"march",
"march#Verb"
],
[
"single",
"single#Adjective"
],
[
"file",
"file#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge#Noun"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Noun"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of marching in files or lines."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military)",
"An act of marching in files or lines."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military)",
"A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɪˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dəˈfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdiˌfaɪl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-defile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "sense 1",
"word": "defilé"
},
{
"sense": "sense 1",
"word": "defilee"
},
{
"sense": "sense 2.1",
"word": "défilé"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "defile",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boaz",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боаз"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prohod",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проход"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "engte"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "sola"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quenlla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "groba"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bergpass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Engpass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlweg"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pass"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dervéni",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δερβένι"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "angustiae"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "furculae"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pylae"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saltus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kapiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kōaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "kopia"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "boğaz",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "بوغاز"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dere",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "دره"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilé",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tesnína",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тесни́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "úzkij proxód",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "у́зкий прохо́д"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "клѝсура"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "тјѐснац"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "klìsura"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tjèsnac"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfiladero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "angostura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrecho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paso"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "narrow passage or way, especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains",
"word": "banawag"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"word": "jono"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"word": "défilé"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parélasi",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρέλαση"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "defilé",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дефиле́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfile"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single file of soldiers; any single file",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fila india"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fara San Martino"
],
"word": "defile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms prefixed with de- (intensifying)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/2 syllables",
"en:Landforms",
"tr:Fashion"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "défiler",
"t": "to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread"
},
"expansion": "French défiler (“to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "desfilher",
"t": "to unthread"
},
"expansion": "Middle French desfilher (“to unthread”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dé-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘not’"
},
"expansion": "dé- (prefix meaning ‘not’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "enfiler",
"t": "to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)"
},
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"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defileniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileleriniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defileni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defileme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "defilesinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilemizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerimizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defilenizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "defilelerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "defileyi",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "defileler",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "defile (definite accusative defileyi, plural defileler)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ler"
},
"expansion": "defile (definite accusative defileyi, plural defileler)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"de‧fi‧le"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "geçit resmi"
},
{
"word": "geçit töreni"
},
{
"word": "moda"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A fashion parade where models walk on stage to promote clothes."
],
"links": [
[
"fashion parade",
"fashion parade"
],
[
"models",
"model"
],
[
"stage",
"stage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A fashion show."
],
"links": [
[
"fashion show",
"fashion show"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/de.fiˈle/"
},
{
"ipa": "/de.fiːˈle/"
}
],
"word": "defile"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.