See undermine in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "undergird"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under-",
"3": "mine"
},
"expansion": "under- + mine",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From under- + mine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undermines",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undermining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undermined",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undermined",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "undermine (third-person singular simple present undermines, present participle undermining, simple past and past participle undermined)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 12 14 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 19 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "32 23 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 23 20 22",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 20 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 19 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 21 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 23 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 22 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 20 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 17 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 22 20 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 17 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 21 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 21 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 23 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 312:",
"text": "Martin, for instance, had on one occasion undermined a tree sacred to old gods, then stood in the path of its fall, but forced it to fall elsewhere by making the sign of the Cross.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig underneath (something), to make a passage for destructive or military purposes; to sap."
],
"id": "en-undermine-en-verb-wWicONDF",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"sap",
"sap"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "soscavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "podkopávat"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "subfosi"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "kaivaa alle"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "kaivaa maata alta"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "untergraben"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yposkápto",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "υποσκάπτω"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "aláaknáz"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "surruō"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "solapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "minar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkápyvatʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подка́пывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkopátʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подкопа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podryvátʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podrýtʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подры́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 8 9 20",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidkópuvaty",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "підко́пувати"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 12 14 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The war efforts were undermined by the constant bickering between the allies.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008 April 7, Janet Maslin, “A Sex Researcher Walks Into a Lab, and Then Things Start to Get Comical”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "The penile mishaps (one involving a bristled toothbrush), severings (one involves hungry ducks) and surgeries cited by Ms. Roach are nothing if not memorable, but her book consistently undermines its own discoveries.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "The growing use of social media to spread anger and dissent in the Arab world has been hailed by western governments as one of the chief justifications for a completely unfettered internet. The US is reportedly funding the secret rollout of technology in Iran in an effort to undermine internet censors in the country.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 26, “Network News: DfT awaits verdict on COVID 'partygate' scandal”, in RAIL, number 949, page 6:",
"text": "The 'partygate' controversy has played a major part in undermining the credibility of Boris Johnson and his Government and has led to calls from senior MPs for him to resign.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken or work against; to hinder, sabotage."
],
"id": "en-undermine-en-verb-en:figurative_weaken",
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"sabotage",
"sabotage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To weaken or work against; to hinder, sabotage."
],
"senseid": [
"en:figurative weaken"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "soscavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "podkopávat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ontwrichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ondergraven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "subfosi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "sabotoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "unterlaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "untergraben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "unterminieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "schwächen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yponomévo",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "υπονομεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ḥatar taḥat",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "חתר תחת"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "áb-ab"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "aláaknáz"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "aláás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minacciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "pregiudicare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "compromettere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ostacolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "surruō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "whakararu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underdelven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baltalamak",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "بالطهلامق"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "taz'if kardan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "تضعیف کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "solapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "sabotar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "prejudicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "surpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "submina"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "săpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podryvátʹ",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подрыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podorvátʹ",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подорва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "поткопати"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "поткопавати"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "potkopati"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "potkopavati"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "desvirtuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminera"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergräva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "baltalamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poslábljuvaty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "посла́блювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškodžáty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "перешкоджа́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidryváty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "підрива́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 2 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "tanseilio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 12 14 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 August 26, “Network News: Major flood damage severs key Edinburgh-Glasgow rail artery”, in Rail, page 21:",
"text": "Services between Glasgow Queen Street and Edinburgh Waverley via Falkirk High are currently suspended, following a 30-metre breach of the Union Canal that occurred on August 12 after torrential rain and thunderstorms. The thousands of gallons of water that cascaded onto the railway line below washed away track, ballast and overhead line equipment, and undermined embankments along a 300-metre section of Scotland's busiest rail link.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To erode the base or foundation of something, e.g. by the action of water."
],
"id": "en-undermine-en-verb-WQedfzYv"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 12 14 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: overmine"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Nicholas Gayle, Conrad and the Being of the World, page 25:",
"text": "We can even go further: when we consider an object in everyday life we do not usually just undermine or overmine it as if it demanded an either/or approach, but rather we run the two processes in tandem: duomining, as Harman labels it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To regard an object as the sum of the parts that compose it, in object-oriented ontology."
],
"id": "en-undermine-en-verb-a7InrG9r",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) To regard an object as the sum of the parts that compose it, in object-oriented ontology."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈmaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undermine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-undermine.ogg/En-us-undermine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-undermine.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪn"
}
],
"word": "undermine"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "undergird"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/aɪn",
"Rhymes:English/aɪn/3 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under-",
"3": "mine"
},
"expansion": "under- + mine",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From under- + mine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undermines",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undermining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undermined",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undermined",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "undermine (third-person singular simple present undermines, present participle undermining, simple past and past participle undermined)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 312:",
"text": "Martin, for instance, had on one occasion undermined a tree sacred to old gods, then stood in the path of its fall, but forced it to fall elsewhere by making the sign of the Cross.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig underneath (something), to make a passage for destructive or military purposes; to sap."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"sap",
"sap"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The war efforts were undermined by the constant bickering between the allies.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008 April 7, Janet Maslin, “A Sex Researcher Walks Into a Lab, and Then Things Start to Get Comical”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "The penile mishaps (one involving a bristled toothbrush), severings (one involves hungry ducks) and surgeries cited by Ms. Roach are nothing if not memorable, but her book consistently undermines its own discoveries.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "The growing use of social media to spread anger and dissent in the Arab world has been hailed by western governments as one of the chief justifications for a completely unfettered internet. The US is reportedly funding the secret rollout of technology in Iran in an effort to undermine internet censors in the country.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 26, “Network News: DfT awaits verdict on COVID 'partygate' scandal”, in RAIL, number 949, page 6:",
"text": "The 'partygate' controversy has played a major part in undermining the credibility of Boris Johnson and his Government and has led to calls from senior MPs for him to resign.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken or work against; to hinder, sabotage."
],
"links": [
[
"hinder",
"hinder"
],
[
"sabotage",
"sabotage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To weaken or work against; to hinder, sabotage."
],
"senseid": [
"en:figurative weaken"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 August 26, “Network News: Major flood damage severs key Edinburgh-Glasgow rail artery”, in Rail, page 21:",
"text": "Services between Glasgow Queen Street and Edinburgh Waverley via Falkirk High are currently suspended, following a 30-metre breach of the Union Canal that occurred on August 12 after torrential rain and thunderstorms. The thousands of gallons of water that cascaded onto the railway line below washed away track, ballast and overhead line equipment, and undermined embankments along a 300-metre section of Scotland's busiest rail link.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To erode the base or foundation of something, e.g. by the action of water."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: overmine"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Nicholas Gayle, Conrad and the Being of the World, page 25:",
"text": "We can even go further: when we consider an object in everyday life we do not usually just undermine or overmine it as if it demanded an either/or approach, but rather we run the two processes in tandem: duomining, as Harman labels it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To regard an object as the sum of the parts that compose it, in object-oriented ontology."
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) To regard an object as the sum of the parts that compose it, in object-oriented ontology."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈmaɪn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undermine.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-undermine.ogg/En-us-undermine.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/En-us-undermine.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "soscavar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "podkopávat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ontwrichten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ondergraven"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "subfosi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "sabotoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "unterlaufen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "untergraben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "unterminieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "schwächen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yponomévo",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "υπονομεύω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ḥatar taḥat",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "חתר תחת"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "áb-ab"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "aláaknáz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "aláás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "minacciare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "pregiudicare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "compromettere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "ostacolare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "surruō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "whakararu"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underdelven"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baltalamak",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "بالطهلامق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "taz'if kardan",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "تضعیف کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "solapar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "sabotar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "prejudicar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "surpa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "submina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "săpa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podryvátʹ",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podorvátʹ",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подорва́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "поткопати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "поткопавати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "potkopati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "potkopavati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "desvirtuar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "underminera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "undergräva"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "baltalamak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poslábljuvaty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "посла́блювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pereškodžáty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "перешкоджа́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidryváty",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "підрива́ти"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hinder, sabotage",
"word": "tanseilio"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "soscavar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "podkopávat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "subfosi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "kaivaa alle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "kaivaa maata alta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "untergraben"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yposkápto",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "υποσκάπτω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "aláaknáz"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "surruō"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "underminere"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "undergrave"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "solapar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "minar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkápyvatʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подка́пывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkopátʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подкопа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podryvátʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подрыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podrýtʹ",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "подры́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidkópuvaty",
"sense": "to dig, tunnel, hollow out as if making a cave or opening",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "підко́пувати"
}
],
"word": "undermine"
}
Download raw JSONL data for undermine meaning in English (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.