Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

Proto-Semitic inflections

Download data in csv format

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
gVrān-ⓦ noun 121 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 121 lg inflection-template
noun 121 gVrānum nominative singular
noun 121 gVrānāna nominative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 121 gVrānam accusative singular
noun 121 gVrānayna accusative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 121 gVrānim genitive singular
noun 121 gVrānayna genitive dual
gVrān-ⓦ noun 121 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 121 gVrānī first-person singular possessive
noun 121 gVrānVya first-person singular possessive
noun 121 - first-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVni first-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
gVrān-ⓦ noun 121 gVrānVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
gVrān-ⓦ noun 121 gVrānVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 gVrānVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥarb-ⓦ noun 49 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 49 lg inflection-template
noun 49 ḥarbum nominative singular
noun 49 ḥarbāna nominative dual
noun 49 ḥarbātum nominative plural
noun 49 ḥarbam accusative singular
noun 49 ḥarbayna accusative dual
noun 49 ḥarbātim accusative plural
noun 49 ḥarbim genitive singular
noun 49 ḥarbayna genitive dual
ḥarb-ⓦ noun 49 ḥarbātim genitive plural
noun 49 ḥarbī first-person singular possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVya first-person singular possessive
noun 49 - first-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVni first-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ḥarb-ⓦ noun 49 ḥarbVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ḥarb-ⓦ noun 49 ḥarbVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 ḥarbVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯabar-ⓦ verb 42 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 42 sem-pro-conj/*paʕal-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 42 ṯabr- noun-from-verb
verb 42 ṯābir- active participle
verb 42 ṯabīr- passive participle
verb 42 ṯabūr- passive participle
verb 42 ṯabarku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabarka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabara masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabarkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ṯabar-ⓦ verb 42 ṯabarkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 42 ṯabarā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 42 ṯabarna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 42 ṯabarkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 42 ṯabarū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 42 ṯabarku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabarki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabarat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 42 ṯabarkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 42 ṯabarkā feminine second-person dual perfect
ṯabar-ⓦ verb 42 ṯabaratā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 42 ṯabarna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 42 ṯabarkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 42 ṯabarā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 42 ʔaṯbur masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 42 taṯbur masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 42 yiṯbur masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 42 taṯburā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 42 yaṯburā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 42 niṯbur masculine first-person plural imperfect
ṯabar-ⓦ verb 42 taṯburū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 42 yiṯburū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 42 ʔaṯbur feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 42 taṯburī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 42 taṯbur feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 42 taṯburā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 42 taṯburā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 42 niṯbur feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 42 taṯburā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 42 yiṯburā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ṯabar-ⓦ verb 42 ṯabur masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 42 ṯaburā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 42 ṯaburū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 42 ṯaburī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 42 ṯaburā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 42 ṯaburā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pataḥ-ⓦ verb 15 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 15 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
verb 15 patḥ- noun-from-verb
verb 15 pātiḥ- active participle
verb 15 patīḥ- passive participle
verb 15 patūḥ- passive participle
verb 15 pataḥku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
pataḥ-ⓦ verb 15 pataḥkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥkā feminine second-person dual perfect
pataḥ-ⓦ verb 15 pataḥatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 ʔaptaḥ masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥ masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥ masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 yaptaḥā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 niptaḥ masculine first-person plural imperfect
pataḥ-ⓦ verb 15 taptaḥū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 15 ʔaptaḥ feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥ feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 niptaḥ feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥā feminine third-person plural imperfect
pataḥ-ⓦ verb 15 pataḥ masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 pataḥā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 pataḥū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 15 pataḥī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 pataḥā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 pataḥā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šabʕ-ⓦ num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 šabʕum masculine nominative
num 10 šabʕatum feminine nominative
num 10 šabʕam masculine accusative
num 10 šabʕatam feminine accusative
num 10 šabʕim masculine genitive
num 10 šabʕatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔaḥad-ⓦ adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 g inflection-template
adj 10 ʔaḥadum masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadāna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadam masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatam feminine accusative singular
ʔaḥad-ⓦ adj 10 ʔaḥadayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadīna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadim masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadīna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔabw-ⓦ noun 9 ʔaban- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
waraḳ-ⓦ noun 8 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 8 lg inflection-template
noun 8 waraḳum nominative singular
noun 8 waraḳāna nominative dual
noun 8 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 8 waraḳam accusative singular
noun 8 waraḳayna accusative dual
noun 8 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 8 waraḳim genitive singular
noun 8 waraḳayna genitive dual
waraḳ-ⓦ noun 8 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 8 waraḳī first-person singular possessive
noun 8 waraḳVya first-person singular possessive
noun 8 - first-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVni first-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
waraḳ-ⓦ noun 8 waraḳVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
waraḳ-ⓦ noun 8 waraḳVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 8 waraḳVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šumⓦ pron 5 ū romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḏanab-ⓦ noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 ḏanabum nominative singular
noun 5 ḏanabāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 ḏanabam accusative singular
noun 5 ḏanabayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 ḏanabim genitive singular
noun 5 ḏanabayna genitive dual
ḏanab-ⓦ noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 ḏanabī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ḏanab-ⓦ noun 5 ḏanabVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ḏanab-ⓦ noun 5 ḏanabVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ḏanabVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *ḏinab- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṣaɣir-ⓦ adj 4 ṣaɣīr- canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-at-ⓦ suffix 3 no-table-tags table-tags
suffix 3 lg inflection-template
suffix 3 -atum nominative singular
suffix 3 -atāna nominative dual
suffix 3 -ātum nominative plural
suffix 3 -atam accusative singular
suffix 3 -atayna accusative dual
suffix 3 -ātim accusative plural
suffix 3 -atim genitive singular
suffix 3 -atayna genitive dual
-at-ⓦ suffix 3 -ātim genitive plural
suffix 3 -atī first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVya first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 - first-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVni first-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVka masculine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
-at-ⓦ suffix 3 -atVki feminine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
-at-ⓦ suffix 3 -atVša feminine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 *-t- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
labiʔ-ⓦ noun 2 labiʔ- canonical
noun 2 labuʔ- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʔat-ⓦ num 2 no-table-tags table-tags
num 2 lg inflection-template
num 2 miʔatum nominative singular
num 2 miʔatāna nominative dual
num 2 miʔātum nominative plural
num 2 miʔatam accusative singular
num 2 miʔatayna accusative dual
num 2 miʔātim accusative plural
num 2 miʔatim genitive singular
num 2 miʔatayna genitive dual
miʔat-ⓦ num 2 miʔātim genitive plural
num 2 miʔatī first-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVya first-person singular possessive
num 2 - first-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVni first-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʔat-ⓦ num 2 miʔatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʔat-ⓦ num 2 miʔatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥapaś-ⓦ verb 2 conjugation *yiḥpiś- prefix
verb 2 ḥapś- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mawut-ⓦ verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*pawala-*yipūl inflection-template
verb 2 mawt- noun-from-verb
verb 2 māwit- active participle
verb 2 mawutku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawata masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatā masculine third-person dual perfect
mawut-ⓦ verb 2 mawutna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawatū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawatat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutna feminine first-person plural perfect
mawut-ⓦ verb 2 mawutkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔamūt masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yimūt masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yamūtā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtū masculine third-person plural imperfect
mawut-ⓦ verb 2 ʔamūt feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 mūt masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā masculine second-person dual imperative
mawut-ⓦ verb 2 mūtū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 mūtī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ-ⓦ verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r-ⓦ noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy-ⓦ noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.