Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

Proto-Semitic inflections

Download data in csv format

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šurš- noun 121 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 121 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 121 šuršum nominative singular
noun 121 šuršāna nominative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 121 šuršam accusative singular
noun 121 šuršayna accusative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 121 šuršim genitive singular
noun 121 šuršayna genitive dual
šurš- noun 121 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 121 šuršī first-person singular possessive
noun 121 šuršVya first-person singular possessive
noun 121 - first-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVni first-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 šuršVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
šurš- noun 121 šuršVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 šuršVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 šuršVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
šurš- noun 121 šuršVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 šuršVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 šuršVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 šuršVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šinn- noun 49 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 49 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 49 šinnum nominative singular
noun 49 šinnāna nominative dual
noun 49 šinnātum nominative plural
noun 49 šinnam accusative singular
noun 49 šinnayna accusative dual
noun 49 šinnātim accusative plural
noun 49 šinnim genitive singular
noun 49 šinnayna genitive dual
šinn- noun 49 šinnātim genitive plural
noun 49 šinnī first-person singular possessive
noun 49 šinnVya first-person singular possessive
noun 49 - first-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVni first-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 šinnVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
šinn- noun 49 šinnVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 šinnVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 šinnVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
šinn- noun 49 šinnVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 šinnVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 šinnVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 šinnVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫalap- verb 41 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 41 sem-pro-conj/*paʕal-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 41 ḫalp- noun-from-verb
verb 41 ḫālip- active participle
verb 41 ḫalīp- passive participle
verb 41 ḫalūp- passive participle
verb 41 ḫalapku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ḫalap- verb 41 ḫalapkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḫalapā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḫalapna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḫalapkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḫalapū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḫalapku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḫalapkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḫalapkā feminine second-person dual perfect
ḫalap- verb 41 ḫalapatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḫalapna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḫalapkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḫalapā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 41 ʔaḫlup masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḫlup masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 41 yiḫlup masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḫlupā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 41 yaḫlupā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 41 niḫlup masculine first-person plural imperfect
ḫalap- verb 41 taḫlupū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 41 yiḫlupū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 41 ʔaḫlup feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḫlupī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḫlup feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḫlupā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 41 taḫlupā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 41 niḫlup feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 41 taḫlupā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 41 yiḫlupā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ḫalap- verb 41 ḫalup masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 41 ḫalupā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 41 ḫalupū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 41 ḫalupī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 41 ḫalupā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 41 ḫalupā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pataḥ- verb 15 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 15 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
verb 15 patḥ- noun-from-verb
verb 15 pātiḥ- active participle
verb 15 patīḥ- passive participle
verb 15 patūḥ- passive participle
verb 15 pataḥku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
pataḥ- verb 15 pataḥkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 pataḥkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥkā feminine second-person dual perfect
pataḥ- verb 15 pataḥatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 pataḥna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 pataḥā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 ʔaptaḥ masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥ masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥ masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 yaptaḥā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 niptaḥ masculine first-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- verb 15 taptaḥū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 15 ʔaptaḥ feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥ feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 niptaḥ feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 15 taptaḥā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yiptaḥā feminine third-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- verb 15 pataḥ masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 pataḥā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 pataḥū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 15 pataḥī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 pataḥā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 pataḥā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫamš- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 inflection-table-top inflection-template
num 10 ḫamšum masculine nominative
num 10 ḫamšatum feminine nominative
num 10 ḫamšam masculine accusative
num 10 ḫamšatam feminine accusative
num 10 ḫamšim masculine genitive
num 10 ḫamšatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṣaɣir- adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 inflection-table-top inflection-template
adj 10 ṣaɣirum masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ṣaɣiratum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ṣaɣirāna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ṣaɣiratāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ṣaɣirūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ṣaɣirātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ṣaɣiram masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ṣaɣiratam feminine accusative singular
ṣaɣir- adj 10 ṣaɣirayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ṣaɣiratayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ṣaɣirīna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ṣaɣirātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ṣaɣirim masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ṣaɣiratim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ṣaɣirayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ṣaɣiratayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ṣaɣirīna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ṣaɣirātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
bint- noun 9 banāt- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔakal- noun 8 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 8 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 8 ʔakalum nominative singular
noun 8 ʔakalāna nominative dual
noun 8 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 8 ʔakalam accusative singular
noun 8 ʔakalayna accusative dual
noun 8 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 8 ʔakalim genitive singular
noun 8 ʔakalayna genitive dual
ʔakal- noun 8 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 8 ʔakalī first-person singular possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVya first-person singular possessive
noun 8 - first-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVni first-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔakal- noun 8 ʔakalVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔakal- noun 8 ʔakalVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 8 ʔakalVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔantum pron 5 ū romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šabṭ- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 5 šabṭum nominative singular
noun 5 šabṭāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 šabṭam accusative singular
noun 5 šabṭayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 šabṭim genitive singular
noun 5 šabṭayna genitive dual
šabṭ- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 šabṭī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
šabṭ- noun 5 šabṭVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
šabṭ- noun 5 šabṭVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *šibṭ- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-r suffix 4 r ~ *l canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
lišān- noun 3 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 3 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 3 lišānum nominative singular
noun 3 lišānāna nominative dual
noun 3 lišānātum nominative plural
noun 3 lišānam accusative singular
noun 3 lišānayna accusative dual
noun 3 lišānātim accusative plural
noun 3 lišānim genitive singular
noun 3 lišānayna genitive dual
lišān- noun 3 lišānātim genitive plural
noun 3 lišānī first-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVya first-person singular possessive
noun 3 - first-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVni first-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 *liššān- alternative
noun 3 *lašān- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mawut- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*pawala-*yipūl inflection-template
verb 2 mawt- noun-from-verb
verb 2 māwit- active participle
verb 2 mawutku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawata masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatā masculine third-person dual perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawatū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawatat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutna feminine first-person plural perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔamūt masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yimūt masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yamūtā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtū masculine third-person plural imperfect
mawut- verb 2 ʔamūt feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 mūt masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā masculine second-person dual imperative
mawut- verb 2 mūtū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 mūtī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʔat- num 2 no-table-tags table-tags
num 2 inflection-table-top inflection-template
num 2 miʔatum nominative singular
num 2 miʔatāna nominative dual
num 2 miʔātum nominative plural
num 2 miʔatam accusative singular
num 2 miʔatayna accusative dual
num 2 miʔātim accusative plural
num 2 miʔatim genitive singular
num 2 miʔatayna genitive dual
miʔat- num 2 miʔātim genitive plural
num 2 miʔatī first-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVya first-person singular possessive
num 2 - first-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVni first-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥapaś- verb 2 conjugation *yiḥpiś- prefix
verb 2 ḥapś- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
labiʔ- noun 2 labiʔ- canonical
noun 2 labuʔ- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.