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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pay- noun 117 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 117 lg inflection-template
noun 117 payum nominative singular
noun 117 payāna nominative dual
noun 117 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 117 payam accusative singular
noun 117 payayna accusative dual
noun 117 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 117 payim genitive singular
noun 117 payayna genitive dual
pay- noun 117 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 117 payī first-person singular possessive
noun 117 payVya first-person singular possessive
noun 117 - first-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVni first-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 117 payVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
pay- noun 117 payVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 117 payVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 117 payVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
pay- noun 117 payVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 117 payVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 117 payVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 117 payVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔaḫwat- noun 47 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 47 lg inflection-template
noun 47 ʔaḫwatum nominative singular
noun 47 ʔaḫwatāna nominative dual
noun 47 ʔaḫwātum nominative plural
noun 47 ʔaḫwatam accusative singular
noun 47 ʔaḫwatayna accusative dual
noun 47 ʔaḫwātim accusative plural
noun 47 ʔaḫwatim genitive singular
noun 47 ʔaḫwatayna genitive dual
ʔaḫwat- noun 47 ʔaḫwātim genitive plural
noun 47 ʔaḫwatī first-person singular possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVya first-person singular possessive
noun 47 - first-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVni first-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔaḫwat- noun 47 ʔaḫwatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔaḫwat- noun 47 ʔaḫwatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ʔaḫwatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔakal- verb 38 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 38 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕul-long inflection-template
verb 38 ʔakl- noun-from-verb
verb 38 ʔākil- active participle
verb 38 ʔakīl- passive participle
verb 38 ʔakūl- passive participle
verb 38 ʔakalku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakalka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakala masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakalkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ʔakal- verb 38 ʔakalkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 38 ʔakalā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 38 ʔakalna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔakalkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔakalū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔakalku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakalki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakalat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 38 ʔakalkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 38 ʔakalkā feminine second-person dual perfect
ʔakal- verb 38 ʔakalatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 38 ʔakalna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔakalkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔakalā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔākul masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 38 taʔkul masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 38 yiʔkul masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 38 taʔkulā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 38 yaʔkulā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 38 niʔkul masculine first-person plural imperfect
ʔakal- verb 38 taʔkulū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 38 yiʔkulū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 38 ʔākul feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 38 taʔkulī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 38 taʔkul feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 38 taʔkulā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 38 taʔkulā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 38 niʔkul feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 38 taʔkulā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 38 yiʔkulā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ʔakal- verb 38 ʔakul masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 38 ʔakulā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 38 ʔakulū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 38 ʔakulī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 38 ʔakulā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 38 ʔakulā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥamīṣ́- adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 g inflection-template
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́um masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́āna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́am masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atam feminine accusative singular
ḥamīṣ́- adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́īna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́im masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́atayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́īna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ḥamīṣ́ātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫamš- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 ḫamšum masculine nominative
num 10 ḫamšatum feminine nominative
num 10 ḫamšam masculine accusative
num 10 ḫamšatam feminine accusative
num 10 ḫamšim masculine genitive
num 10 ḫamšatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
bin- noun 9 ban- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔakal- noun 7 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 7 lg inflection-template
noun 7 ʔakalum nominative singular
noun 7 ʔakalāna nominative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 7 ʔakalam accusative singular
noun 7 ʔakalayna accusative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 7 ʔakalim genitive singular
noun 7 ʔakalayna genitive dual
ʔakal- noun 7 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 7 ʔakalī first-person singular possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVya first-person singular possessive
noun 7 - first-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVni first-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔakal- noun 7 ʔakalVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔakal- noun 7 ʔakalVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 ʔakalVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯūm- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 ṯūmum nominative singular
noun 5 ṯūmāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 ṯūmam accusative singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 ṯūmim genitive singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna genitive dual
ṯūm- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 ṯūmī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *ṯawm- alternative
noun 5 *ṯuwm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šum pron 5 ū romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-r suffix 4 r ~ *l canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
lišān- noun 3 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 3 lg inflection-template
noun 3 lišānum nominative singular
noun 3 lišānāna nominative dual
noun 3 lišānātum nominative plural
noun 3 lišānam accusative singular
noun 3 lišānayna accusative dual
noun 3 lišānātim accusative plural
noun 3 lišānim genitive singular
noun 3 lišānayna genitive dual
lišān- noun 3 lišānātim genitive plural
noun 3 lišānī first-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVya first-person singular possessive
noun 3 - first-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVni first-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 *liššān- alternative
noun 3 *lašān- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pataḥ- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
verb 2 patḥ- noun-from-verb
verb 2 pātiḥ- active participle
verb 2 patīḥ- passive participle
verb 2 patūḥ- passive participle
verb 2 pataḥku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
pataḥ- verb 2 pataḥkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 pataḥā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 pataḥna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 pataḥkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 pataḥū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 pataḥku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 pataḥkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 pataḥkā feminine second-person dual perfect
pataḥ- verb 2 pataḥatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 pataḥna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 pataḥkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 pataḥā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔaptaḥ masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥ masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yiptaḥ masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yaptaḥā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 niptaḥ masculine first-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- verb 2 taptaḥū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yiptaḥū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 ʔaptaḥ feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥ feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 niptaḥ feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yiptaḥā feminine third-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- verb 2 pataḥ masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 pataḥā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 pataḥū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 pataḥī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 pataḥā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 pataḥā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
rabb- verb 2 conjugation *yirubb- prefix
verb 2 rabb- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
baṭal- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*paʕala-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 2 baṭl- noun-from-verb
verb 2 bāṭil- active participle
verb 2 baṭalku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭala masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalā masculine third-person dual perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalna feminine first-person plural perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔabṭul masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yibṭul masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yabṭulā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulū masculine third-person plural imperfect
baṭal- verb 2 ʔabṭul feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 baṭul masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā masculine second-person dual imperative
baṭal- verb 2 baṭulū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 baṭulī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʔat- num 2 no-table-tags table-tags
num 2 lg inflection-template
num 2 miʔatum nominative singular
num 2 miʔatāna nominative dual
num 2 miʔātum nominative plural
num 2 miʔatam accusative singular
num 2 miʔatayna accusative dual
num 2 miʔātim accusative plural
num 2 miʔatim genitive singular
num 2 miʔatayna genitive dual
miʔat- num 2 miʔātim genitive plural
num 2 miʔatī first-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVya first-person singular possessive
num 2 - first-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVni first-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
labiʔ- noun 2 labiʔ- canonical
noun 2 labuʔ- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.