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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
paḥal- noun 119 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 119 lg inflection-template
noun 119 paḥalum nominative singular
noun 119 paḥalāna nominative dual
noun 119 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 119 paḥalam accusative singular
noun 119 paḥalayna accusative dual
noun 119 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 119 paḥalim genitive singular
noun 119 paḥalayna genitive dual
paḥal- noun 119 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 119 paḥalī first-person singular possessive
noun 119 paḥalVya first-person singular possessive
noun 119 - first-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVni first-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
paḥal- noun 119 paḥalVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
paḥal- noun 119 paḥalVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 119 paḥalVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔamat- noun 48 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 48 lg inflection-template
noun 48 ʔamatum nominative singular
noun 48 ʔamatāna nominative dual
noun 48 ʔamātum nominative plural
noun 48 ʔamatam accusative singular
noun 48 ʔamatayna accusative dual
noun 48 ʔamātim accusative plural
noun 48 ʔamatim genitive singular
noun 48 ʔamatayna genitive dual
ʔamat- noun 48 ʔamātim genitive plural
noun 48 ʔamatī first-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVya first-person singular possessive
noun 48 - first-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVni first-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔamat- noun 48 ʔamatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔamat- noun 48 ʔamatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʔamatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔabay- verb 39 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 39 sem-pro-conj/*paʕaya-*yipʕī-long inflection-template
verb 39 ʔibāʔ- noun-from-verb
verb 39 ʔābiy- active participle
verb 39 ʔabīy- passive participle
verb 39 ʔabūy- passive participle
verb 39 ʔabayku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabayka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabaya masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabaykayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ʔabay- verb 39 ʔabaykā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 39 ʔabayā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 39 ʔabayna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔabaykanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔabayū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔabayku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabayki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabayat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 39 ʔabaykayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 39 ʔabaykā feminine second-person dual perfect
ʔabay- verb 39 ʔabayatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 39 ʔabayna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔabaykina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔabayā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔābī masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taʔbī masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 39 yiʔbī masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taʔbiyā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 39 yaʔbiyā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 39 niʔbī masculine first-person plural imperfect
ʔabay- verb 39 taʔbī masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 39 yiʔbiyū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 39 ʔābī feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taʔbī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taʔbī feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taʔbiyā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 39 taʔbiyā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 39 niʔbī feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 39 taʔbiyā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 39 yiʔbiyā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ʔabay- verb 39 ʔabī masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 39 ʔabiyā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 39 ʔabiyū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 39 ʔabī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 39 ʔabiyā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 39 ʔabiyā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯamar- verb 12 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 12 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
verb 12 ṯamr- noun-from-verb
verb 12 ṯāmir- active participle
verb 12 ṯamīr- passive participle
verb 12 ṯamūr- passive participle
verb 12 ṯamarku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamarka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamara masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamarkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ṯamar- verb 12 ṯamarkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 12 ṯamarā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 12 ṯamarna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 12 ṯamarkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 12 ṯamarū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 12 ṯamarku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamarki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamarat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 12 ṯamarkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 12 ṯamarkā feminine second-person dual perfect
ṯamar- verb 12 ṯamaratā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 12 ṯamarna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 12 ṯamarkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 12 ṯamarā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 12 ʔaṯmar masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taṯmar masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 12 yiṯmar masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taṯmarā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 12 yaṯmarā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 12 niṯmar masculine first-person plural imperfect
ṯamar- verb 12 taṯmarū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 12 yiṯmarū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 12 ʔaṯmar feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taṯmarī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taṯmar feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taṯmarā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 12 taṯmarā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 12 niṯmar feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 12 taṯmarā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 12 yiṯmarā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ṯamar- verb 12 ṯamar masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 12 ṯamarā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 12 ṯamarū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 12 ṯamarī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 12 ṯamarā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 12 ṯamarā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔaḥad- adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 g inflection-template
adj 10 ʔaḥadum masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadāna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadam masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatam feminine accusative singular
ʔaḥad- adj 10 ʔaḥadayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadīna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadim masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadatim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ʔaḥadayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadatayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ʔaḥadīna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ʔaḥadātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫamš- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 ḫamšum masculine nominative
num 10 ḫamšatum feminine nominative
num 10 ḫamšam masculine accusative
num 10 ḫamšatam feminine accusative
num 10 ḫamšim masculine genitive
num 10 ḫamšatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥamw- noun 9 ḥaman- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʕay- noun 7 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 7 lg inflection-template
noun 7 miʕayum nominative singular
noun 7 miʕayāna nominative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 7 miʕayam accusative singular
noun 7 miʕayayna accusative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 7 miʕayim genitive singular
noun 7 miʕayayna genitive dual
miʕay- noun 7 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 7 miʕayī first-person singular possessive
noun 7 miʕayVya first-person singular possessive
noun 7 - first-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVni first-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʕay- noun 7 miʕayVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʕay- noun 7 miʕayVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 miʕayVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
māy- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 māyum nominative singular
noun 5 māyāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 māyam accusative singular
noun 5 māyayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 māyim genitive singular
noun 5 māyayna genitive dual
māy- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 māyī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 māyVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 māyVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
māy- noun 5 māyVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 māyVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 māyVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
māy- noun 5 māyVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 māyVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 māyVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 māyVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *may- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔantin pron 5 ā romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʕalay- prep 4 ʕalay canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-at- suffix 3 no-table-tags table-tags
suffix 3 lg inflection-template
suffix 3 -atum nominative singular
suffix 3 -atāna nominative dual
suffix 3 -ātum nominative plural
suffix 3 -atam accusative singular
suffix 3 -atayna accusative dual
suffix 3 -ātim accusative plural
suffix 3 -atim genitive singular
suffix 3 -atayna genitive dual
-at- suffix 3 -ātim genitive plural
suffix 3 -atī first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVya first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 - first-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVni first-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVka masculine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
-at- suffix 3 -atVki feminine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
-at- suffix 3 -atVša feminine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 *-t- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥapaś- verb 2 conjugation *yiḥpiś- prefix
verb 2 ḥapś- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
baṭal- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*paʕala-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 2 baṭl- noun-from-verb
verb 2 bāṭil- active participle
verb 2 baṭalku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭala masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalā masculine third-person dual perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalna feminine first-person plural perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔabṭul masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yibṭul masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yabṭulā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulū masculine third-person plural imperfect
baṭal- verb 2 ʔabṭul feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 baṭul masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā masculine second-person dual imperative
baṭal- verb 2 baṭulū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 baṭulī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔalp- noun 2 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 2 lg inflection-template
noun 2 ʔalpum nominative singular
noun 2 ʔalpāna nominative dual
noun 2 ʔalapūna nominative plural
noun 2 ʔalpam accusative singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna accusative dual
noun 2 ʔalapīna accusative plural
noun 2 ʔalpim genitive singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna genitive dual
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalapīna genitive plural
noun 2 ʔalpī first-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVya first-person singular possessive
noun 2 - first-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVni first-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯ̣upr- noun 2 ṯ̣upr- canonical
noun 2 ṯ̣ipr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (c6afe2d and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.