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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔiš- noun 115 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 115 lg inflection-template
noun 115 ʔišum nominative singular
noun 115 ʔišāna nominative dual
noun 115 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 115 ʔišam accusative singular
noun 115 ʔišayna accusative dual
noun 115 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 115 ʔišim genitive singular
noun 115 ʔišayna genitive dual
ʔiš- noun 115 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 115 ʔišī first-person singular possessive
noun 115 ʔišVya first-person singular possessive
noun 115 - first-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVni first-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔiš- noun 115 ʔišVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔiš- noun 115 ʔišVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 115 ʔišVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥaḳl- noun 47 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 47 lg inflection-template
noun 47 ḥaḳlum nominative singular
noun 47 ḥaḳlāna nominative dual
noun 47 ḥaḳlātum nominative plural
noun 47 ḥaḳlam accusative singular
noun 47 ḥaḳlayna accusative dual
noun 47 ḥaḳlātim accusative plural
noun 47 ḥaḳlim genitive singular
noun 47 ḥaḳlayna genitive dual
ḥaḳl- noun 47 ḥaḳlātim genitive plural
noun 47 ḥaḳlī first-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVya first-person singular possessive
noun 47 - first-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVni first-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ḥaḳl- noun 47 ḥaḳlVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ḥaḳl- noun 47 ḥaḳlVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥaḳlVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
raʕay- verb 37 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 37 sem-pro-conj/*paʕaya-*yipʕī-long inflection-template
verb 37 {{{vn}}}- noun-from-verb
verb 37 rāʕiy- active participle
verb 37 raʕīy- passive participle
verb 37 raʕūy- passive participle
verb 37 raʕayku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕayka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕaya masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕaykayā masculine first-person dual perfect
raʕay- verb 37 raʕaykā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 37 raʕayā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 37 raʕayna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 37 raʕaykanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 37 raʕayū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 37 raʕayku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕayki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕayat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 37 raʕaykayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 37 raʕaykā feminine second-person dual perfect
raʕay- verb 37 raʕayatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 37 raʕayna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 37 raʕaykina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 37 raʕayā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 37 ʔāʕī masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 37 tarʕī masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 37 yirʕī masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 37 tarʕiyā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 37 yarʕiyā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 37 nirʕī masculine first-person plural imperfect
raʕay- verb 37 tarʕī masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 37 yirʕiyū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 37 ʔāʕī feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 37 tarʕī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 37 tarʕī feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 37 tarʕiyā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 37 tarʕiyā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 37 nirʕī feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 37 tarʕiyā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 37 yirʕiyā feminine third-person plural imperfect
raʕay- verb 37 raʕī masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 37 raʕiyā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 37 raʕiyū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 37 raʕī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 37 raʕiyā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 37 raʕiyā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯin- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 ṯinum masculine nominative
num 10 ṯinatum feminine nominative
num 10 ṯinam masculine accusative
num 10 ṯinatam feminine accusative
num 10 ṯinim masculine genitive
num 10 ṯinatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔayy- pron 10 no-table-tags table-tags
pron 10 g inflection-template
pron 10 ʔayyum masculine nominative singular
pron 10 ʔayyatum feminine nominative singular
pron 10 ʔayyāna masculine nominative dual
pron 10 ʔayyatāna feminine nominative dual
pron 10 ʔayyūna masculine nominative plural
pron 10 ʔayyātum feminine nominative plural
pron 10 ʔayyam masculine accusative singular
pron 10 ʔayyatam feminine accusative singular
ʔayy- pron 10 ʔayyayna masculine accusative dual
pron 10 ʔayyatayna feminine accusative dual
pron 10 ʔayyīna masculine accusative plural
pron 10 ʔayyātim feminine accusative plural
pron 10 ʔayyim masculine genitive singular
pron 10 ʔayyatim feminine genitive singular
pron 10 ʔayyayna masculine genitive dual
pron 10 ʔayyatayna feminine genitive dual
pron 10 ʔayyīna masculine genitive plural
pron 10 ʔayyātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔaḫw- noun 9 ʔaḫan plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
waraḳ- noun 7 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 7 lg inflection-template
noun 7 waraḳum nominative singular
noun 7 waraḳāna nominative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 7 waraḳam accusative singular
noun 7 waraḳayna accusative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 7 waraḳim genitive singular
noun 7 waraḳayna genitive dual
waraḳ- noun 7 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 7 waraḳī first-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVya first-person singular possessive
noun 7 - first-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVni first-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
waraḳ- noun 7 waraḳVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
waraḳ- noun 7 waraḳVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
min prep 5 V romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯūm- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 ṯūmum nominative singular
noun 5 ṯūmāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 ṯūmam accusative singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 ṯūmim genitive singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna genitive dual
ṯūm- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 ṯūmī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *ṯawm- alternative
noun 5 *ṯuwm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šim conj 3 šim canonical
conj 3 šimmā canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-at- suffix 3 no-table-tags table-tags
suffix 3 lg inflection-template
suffix 3 -atum nominative singular
suffix 3 -atāna nominative dual
suffix 3 -ātum nominative plural
suffix 3 -atam accusative singular
suffix 3 -atayna accusative dual
suffix 3 -ātim accusative plural
suffix 3 -atim genitive singular
suffix 3 -atayna genitive dual
-at- suffix 3 -ātim genitive plural
suffix 3 -atī first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVya first-person singular possessive
suffix 3 - first-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVni first-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVka masculine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
-at- suffix 3 -atVki feminine second-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
-at- suffix 3 -atVša feminine third-person singular possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
suffix 3 -atVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 -atVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
suffix 3 *-t- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pataḥ- noun 2 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 2 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
noun 2 patḥ- noun-from-verb
noun 2 pātiḥ- active participle
noun 2 patīḥ- passive participle
noun 2 patūḥ- passive participle
noun 2 pataḥku masculine first-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥka masculine second-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥa masculine third-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥkā masculine second-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥā masculine third-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥna masculine first-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥū masculine third-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥku feminine first-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥki feminine second-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥat feminine third-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥkā feminine second-person dual perfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥatā feminine third-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥna feminine first-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥkina feminine second-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥā feminine third-person plural perfect
noun 2 ʔaptaḥ masculine first-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥ masculine second-person singular imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥ masculine third-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā masculine second-person dual imperfect
noun 2 yaptaḥā masculine third-person dual imperfect
noun 2 niptaḥ masculine first-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- noun 2 taptaḥū masculine second-person plural imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥū masculine third-person plural imperfect
noun 2 ʔaptaḥ feminine first-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥī feminine second-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥ feminine third-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person dual imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine third-person dual imperfect
noun 2 niptaḥ feminine first-person plural imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person plural imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥā feminine third-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥ masculine second-person singular imperative
noun 2 pataḥā masculine second-person dual imperative
noun 2 pataḥū masculine second-person plural imperative
noun 2 pataḥī feminine second-person singular imperative
noun 2 pataḥā feminine second-person dual imperative
noun 2 pataḥā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʔat- num 2 no-table-tags table-tags
num 2 lg inflection-template
num 2 miʔatum nominative singular
num 2 miʔatāna nominative dual
num 2 miʔātum nominative plural
num 2 miʔatam accusative singular
num 2 miʔatayna accusative dual
num 2 miʔātim accusative plural
num 2 miʔatim genitive singular
num 2 miʔatayna genitive dual
miʔat- num 2 miʔātim genitive plural
num 2 miʔatī first-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVya first-person singular possessive
num 2 - first-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVni first-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
labiʔ- noun 2 labiʔ- canonical
noun 2 labuʔ- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
baṭal- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*paʕala-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 2 baṭl- noun-from-verb
verb 2 bāṭil- active participle
verb 2 baṭalku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭala masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalā masculine third-person dual perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalna feminine first-person plural perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔabṭul masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yibṭul masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yabṭulā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulū masculine third-person plural imperfect
baṭal- verb 2 ʔabṭul feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 baṭul masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā masculine second-person dual imperative
baṭal- verb 2 baṭulū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 baṭulī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
rabb- verb 2 conjugation *yirubb- prefix
verb 2 rabb- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.