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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔarḫ- noun 121 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 121 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 121 ʔarḫum nominative singular
noun 121 ʔarḫāna nominative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 121 ʔarḫam accusative singular
noun 121 ʔarḫayna accusative dual
noun 121 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 121 ʔarḫim genitive singular
noun 121 ʔarḫayna genitive dual
ʔarḫ- noun 121 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 121 ʔarḫī first-person singular possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVya first-person singular possessive
noun 121 - first-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVni first-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔarḫ- noun 121 ʔarḫVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔarḫ- noun 121 ʔarḫVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 121 ʔarḫVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
śamš- noun 49 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 49 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 49 śamšum nominative singular
noun 49 śamšāna nominative dual
noun 49 śamšātum nominative plural
noun 49 śamšam accusative singular
noun 49 śamšayna accusative dual
noun 49 śamšātim accusative plural
noun 49 śamšim genitive singular
noun 49 śamšayna genitive dual
śamš- noun 49 śamšātim genitive plural
noun 49 śamšī first-person singular possessive
noun 49 śamšVya first-person singular possessive
noun 49 - first-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVni first-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 śamšVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
śamš- noun 49 śamšVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 49 śamšVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 śamšVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
śamš- noun 49 śamšVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 49 śamšVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 49 śamšVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 49 śamšVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥamaṣ́- verb 41 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 41 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕil inflection-template
verb 41 ḥamṣ́- noun-from-verb
verb 41 ḥāmiṣ́- active participle
verb 41 ḥamīṣ́- passive participle
verb 41 ḥamūṣ́- passive participle
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́a masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ḥamaṣ́- verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́na masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́at feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kā feminine second-person dual perfect
ḥamaṣ́- verb 41 ḥamaṣ́atā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́na feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́kina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 41 ḥamaṣ́ā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 41 ʔaḥmiṣ́ masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 41 yiḥmiṣ́ masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 41 yaḥmiṣ́ā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 41 niḥmiṣ́ masculine first-person plural imperfect
ḥamaṣ́- verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 41 yiḥmiṣ́ū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 41 ʔaḥmiṣ́ feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 41 niḥmiṣ́ feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 41 taḥmiṣ́ā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 41 yiḥmiṣ́ā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ḥamaṣ́- verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 41 ḥamiṣ́ā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
halak- verb 15 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 15 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕil inflection-template
verb 15 halk- noun-from-verb
verb 15 hālik- active participle
verb 15 halīk- passive participle
verb 15 halūk- passive participle
verb 15 halakku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 halakka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 halaka masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 halakkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
halak- verb 15 halakkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 15 halakā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 halakna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 halakkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 halakū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 halakku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 15 halakki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 15 halakat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 15 halakkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 15 halakkā feminine second-person dual perfect
halak- verb 15 halakatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 15 halakna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 15 halakkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 15 halakā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 15 ʔahlik masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 tahlik masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 yihlik masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 tahlikā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 yahlikā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 nihlik masculine first-person plural imperfect
halak- verb 15 tahlikū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yihlikū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 15 ʔahlik feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 15 tahlikī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 15 tahlik feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 15 tahlikā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 15 tahlikā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 15 nihlik feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 15 tahlikā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 15 yihlikā feminine third-person plural imperfect
halak- verb 15 halik masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 halikā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 halikū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 15 halikī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 15 halikā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 15 halikā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʕaśar- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 inflection-table-top inflection-template
num 10 ʕaśarum masculine nominative
num 10 ʕaśaratum feminine nominative
num 10 ʕaśaram masculine accusative
num 10 ʕaśaratam feminine accusative
num 10 ʕaśarim masculine genitive
num 10 ʕaśaratim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥāmiṣ́- adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 inflection-table-top inflection-template
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́um masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́āna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́am masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atam feminine accusative singular
ḥāmiṣ́- adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́īna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́im masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́atayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́īna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ḥāmiṣ́ātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔabw- noun 9 ʔaban- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔalp- num 8 no-table-tags table-tags
num 8 inflection-table-top inflection-template
num 8 ʔalpum nominative singular
num 8 ʔalpāna nominative dual
num 8 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
num 8 ʔalpam accusative singular
num 8 ʔalpayna accusative dual
num 8 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
num 8 ʔalpim genitive singular
num 8 ʔalpayna genitive dual
ʔalp- num 8 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
num 8 ʔalpī first-person singular possessive
num 8 ʔalpVya first-person singular possessive
num 8 - first-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVni first-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔalp- num 8 ʔalpVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔalp- num 8 ʔalpVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 8 ʔalpVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šabṭ- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 5 šabṭum nominative singular
noun 5 šabṭāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 šabṭam accusative singular
noun 5 šabṭayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 šabṭim genitive singular
noun 5 šabṭayna genitive dual
šabṭ- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 šabṭī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
šabṭ- noun 5 šabṭVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
šabṭ- noun 5 šabṭVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 šabṭVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *šibṭ- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔantin pron 5 ā romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
-r suffix 4 r ~ *l canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔimm- noun 3 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 3 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 3 ʔimmum nominative singular
noun 3 ʔimmāna nominative dual
noun 3 ʔimmahātum nominative plural
noun 3 ʔimmam accusative singular
noun 3 ʔimmayna accusative dual
noun 3 ʔimmahātim accusative plural
noun 3 ʔimmim genitive singular
noun 3 ʔimmayna genitive dual
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmahātim genitive plural
noun 3 ʔimmī first-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 3 - first-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 *ʔumm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
baṭal- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*paʕala-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 2 baṭl- noun-from-verb
verb 2 bāṭil- active participle
verb 2 baṭalku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭala masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalā masculine third-person dual perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 baṭalkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 baṭalna feminine first-person plural perfect
baṭal- verb 2 baṭalkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 baṭalā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔabṭul masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yibṭul masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yabṭulā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulū masculine third-person plural imperfect
baṭal- verb 2 ʔabṭul feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭul feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nibṭul feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tabṭulā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yibṭulā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 baṭul masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā masculine second-person dual imperative
baṭal- verb 2 baṭulū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 baṭulī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 baṭulā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
labiʔ- noun 2 labiʔ- canonical
noun 2 labuʔ- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔalp- noun 2 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 2 inflection-table-top inflection-template
noun 2 ʔalpum nominative singular
noun 2 ʔalpāna nominative dual
noun 2 ʔalapūna nominative plural
noun 2 ʔalpam accusative singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna accusative dual
noun 2 ʔalapīna accusative plural
noun 2 ʔalpim genitive singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna genitive dual
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalapīna genitive plural
noun 2 ʔalpī first-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVya first-person singular possessive
noun 2 - first-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVni first-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥapaś- verb 2 conjugation *yiḥpiś- prefix
verb 2 ḥapś- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (be32728 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.