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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
birk- noun 119 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 119 lg inflection-template
noun 119 birkum nominative singular
noun 119 birkāna nominative dual
noun 119 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 119 birkam accusative singular
noun 119 birkayna accusative dual
noun 119 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 119 birkim genitive singular
noun 119 birkayna genitive dual
birk- noun 119 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 119 birkī first-person singular possessive
noun 119 birkVya first-person singular possessive
noun 119 - first-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVni first-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 119 birkVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
birk- noun 119 birkVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 119 birkVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 119 birkVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
birk- noun 119 birkVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 119 birkVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 119 birkVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 119 birkVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʕaṯ̣m- noun 48 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 48 lg inflection-template
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mum nominative singular
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣māna nominative dual
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mātum nominative plural
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mam accusative singular
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mayna accusative dual
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mātim accusative plural
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mim genitive singular
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mayna genitive dual
ʕaṯ̣m- noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mātim genitive plural
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mī first-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVya first-person singular possessive
noun 48 - first-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVni first-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʕaṯ̣m- noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʕaṯ̣m- noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 48 ʕaṯ̣mVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥaraṯ- verb 39 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 39 sem-pro-conj/*paʕal-*yipʕul inflection-template
verb 39 ḥarṯ- noun-from-verb
verb 39 ḥāriṯ- active participle
verb 39 ḥarīṯ- passive participle
verb 39 ḥarūṯ- passive participle
verb 39 ḥaraṯku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ḥaraṯ- verb 39 ḥaraṯkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯkā feminine second-person dual perfect
ḥaraṯ- verb 39 ḥaraṯatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 39 ḥaraṯā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 39 ʔaḥruṯ masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯ masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 39 yiḥruṯ masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 39 yaḥruṯā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 39 niḥruṯ masculine first-person plural imperfect
ḥaraṯ- verb 39 taḥruṯū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 39 yiḥruṯū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 39 ʔaḥruṯ feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯ feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 39 niḥruṯ feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 39 taḥruṯā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 39 yiḥruṯā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ḥaraṯ- verb 39 ḥaruṯ masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 39 ḥaruṯā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 39 ḥaruṯū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 39 ḥaruṯī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 39 ḥaruṯā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 39 ḥaruṯā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥaṣ́an- verb 12 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 12 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
verb 12 ḥiṣ́n- noun-from-verb
verb 12 ḥāṣ́in- active participle
verb 12 ḥaṣ́īn- passive participle
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ūn- passive participle
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ana masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankayā masculine first-person dual perfect
ḥaṣ́an- verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankā feminine second-person dual perfect
ḥaṣ́an- verb 12 ḥaṣ́anatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́ankina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 12 ʔaḥṣ́an masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́an masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 12 yiḥṣ́an masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́anā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 12 yaḥṣ́anā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 12 niḥṣ́an masculine first-person plural imperfect
ḥaṣ́an- verb 12 taḥṣ́anū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 12 yiḥṣ́anū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 12 ʔaḥṣ́an feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́anī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́an feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́anā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́anā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 12 niḥṣ́an feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 12 taḥṣ́anā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 12 yiḥṣ́anā feminine third-person plural imperfect
ḥaṣ́an- verb 12 ḥaṣ́an masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 12 ḥaṣ́anā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫamš- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 ḫamšum masculine nominative
num 10 ḫamšatum feminine nominative
num 10 ḫamšam masculine accusative
num 10 ḫamšatam feminine accusative
num 10 ḫamšim masculine genitive
num 10 ḫamšatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḳudš- adj 10 no-table-tags table-tags
adj 10 g inflection-template
adj 10 ḳudšum masculine nominative singular
adj 10 ḳudšatum feminine nominative singular
adj 10 ḳudšāna masculine nominative dual
adj 10 ḳudšatāna feminine nominative dual
adj 10 ḳudšūna masculine nominative plural
adj 10 ḳudšātum feminine nominative plural
adj 10 ḳudšam masculine accusative singular
adj 10 ḳudšatam feminine accusative singular
ḳudš- adj 10 ḳudšayna masculine accusative dual
adj 10 ḳudšatayna feminine accusative dual
adj 10 ḳudšīna masculine accusative plural
adj 10 ḳudšātim feminine accusative plural
adj 10 ḳudšim masculine genitive singular
adj 10 ḳudšatim feminine genitive singular
adj 10 ḳudšayna masculine genitive dual
adj 10 ḳudšatayna feminine genitive dual
adj 10 ḳudšīna masculine genitive plural
adj 10 ḳudšātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔaḫw- noun 9 ʔaḫan plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
waraḳ- noun 7 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 7 lg inflection-template
noun 7 waraḳum nominative singular
noun 7 waraḳāna nominative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 7 waraḳam accusative singular
noun 7 waraḳayna accusative dual
noun 7 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 7 waraḳim genitive singular
noun 7 waraḳayna genitive dual
waraḳ- noun 7 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 7 waraḳī first-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVya first-person singular possessive
noun 7 - first-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVni first-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
waraḳ- noun 7 waraḳVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
waraḳ- noun 7 waraḳVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 7 waraḳVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯūm- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 ṯūmum nominative singular
noun 5 ṯūmāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 ṯūmam accusative singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 ṯūmim genitive singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna genitive dual
ṯūm- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 ṯūmī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *ṯawm- alternative
noun 5 *ṯuwm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
min prep 5 V romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṣaɣir- adj 4 ṣaɣīr- canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔimm- noun 3 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 3 lg inflection-template
noun 3 ʔimmum nominative singular
noun 3 ʔimmāna nominative dual
noun 3 ʔimmahātum nominative plural
noun 3 ʔimmam accusative singular
noun 3 ʔimmayna accusative dual
noun 3 ʔimmahātim accusative plural
noun 3 ʔimmim genitive singular
noun 3 ʔimmayna genitive dual
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmahātim genitive plural
noun 3 ʔimmī first-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 3 - first-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔimm- noun 3 ʔimmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 ʔimmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 *ʔumm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mawut- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*pawala-*yipūl inflection-template
verb 2 mawt- noun-from-verb
verb 2 māwit- active participle
verb 2 mawutku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawata masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatā masculine third-person dual perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawatū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawatat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutna feminine first-person plural perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔamūt masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yimūt masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yamūtā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtū masculine third-person plural imperfect
mawut- verb 2 ʔamūt feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 mūt masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā masculine second-person dual imperative
mawut- verb 2 mūtū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 mūtī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥapaś- verb 2 conjugation *yiḥpiś- prefix
verb 2 ḥapś- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯ̣upr- noun 2 ṯ̣upr- canonical
noun 2 ṯ̣ipr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔalp- noun 2 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 2 lg inflection-template
noun 2 ʔalpum nominative singular
noun 2 ʔalpāna nominative dual
noun 2 ʔalapūna nominative plural
noun 2 ʔalpam accusative singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna accusative dual
noun 2 ʔalapīna accusative plural
noun 2 ʔalpim genitive singular
noun 2 ʔalpayna genitive dual
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalapīna genitive plural
noun 2 ʔalpī first-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVya first-person singular possessive
noun 2 - first-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVni first-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔalp- noun 2 ʔalpVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 2 ʔalpVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (8336b26 and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.