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Proto-Semitic inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yad- noun 115 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 115 lg inflection-template
noun 115 yadum nominative singular
noun 115 yadāna nominative dual
noun 115 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 115 yadam accusative singular
noun 115 yadayna accusative dual
noun 115 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 115 yadim genitive singular
noun 115 yadayna genitive dual
yad- noun 115 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 115 yadī first-person singular possessive
noun 115 yadVya first-person singular possessive
noun 115 - first-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVni first-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 115 yadVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
yad- noun 115 yadVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 115 yadVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 115 yadVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
yad- noun 115 yadVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 115 yadVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 115 yadVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 115 yadVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḥarb- noun 47 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 47 lg inflection-template
noun 47 ḥarbum nominative singular
noun 47 ḥarbāna nominative dual
noun 47 ḥarbātum nominative plural
noun 47 ḥarbam accusative singular
noun 47 ḥarbayna accusative dual
noun 47 ḥarbātim accusative plural
noun 47 ḥarbim genitive singular
noun 47 ḥarbayna genitive dual
ḥarb- noun 47 ḥarbātim genitive plural
noun 47 ḥarbī first-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVya first-person singular possessive
noun 47 - first-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVni first-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ḥarb- noun 47 ḥarbVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ḥarb- noun 47 ḥarbVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 47 ḥarbVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
nadaw- verb 38 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 38 sem-pro-conj/*paʕawa-*yipʕū inflection-template
verb 38 nadw- noun-from-verb
verb 38 nādiw- active participle
verb 38 nadīw- passive participle
verb 38 nadūw- passive participle
verb 38 nadawku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawa masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
nadaw- verb 38 nadawkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 38 nadawā masculine third-person dual perfect
verb 38 nadawna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 38 nadawkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 38 nadawū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 38 nadawku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 38 nadawkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 38 nadawkā feminine second-person dual perfect
nadaw- verb 38 nadawatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 38 nadawna feminine first-person plural perfect
verb 38 nadawkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 38 nadawā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 38 ʔandū masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 38 tandū masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 38 yindū masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 38 tanduwā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 38 yanduwā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 38 nindū masculine first-person plural imperfect
nadaw- verb 38 tandū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 38 yindū masculine third-person plural imperfect
verb 38 ʔandū feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 38 tandī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 38 tandū feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 38 tanduwā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 38 tanduwā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 38 nindū feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 38 tanduwā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 38 yinduwā feminine third-person plural imperfect
nadaw- verb 38 nadū masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 38 naduwā masculine second-person dual imperative
verb 38 nadū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 38 nadī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 38 naduwā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 38 naduwā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ḫamš- num 10 no-table-tags table-tags
num 10 g inflection-template
num 10 ḫamšum masculine nominative
num 10 ḫamšatum feminine nominative
num 10 ḫamšam masculine accusative
num 10 ḫamšatam feminine accusative
num 10 ḫamšim masculine genitive
num 10 ḫamšatim feminine genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔayy- pron 10 no-table-tags table-tags
pron 10 g inflection-template
pron 10 ʔayyum masculine nominative singular
pron 10 ʔayyatum feminine nominative singular
pron 10 ʔayyāna masculine nominative dual
pron 10 ʔayyatāna feminine nominative dual
pron 10 ʔayyūna masculine nominative plural
pron 10 ʔayyātum feminine nominative plural
pron 10 ʔayyam masculine accusative singular
pron 10 ʔayyatam feminine accusative singular
ʔayy- pron 10 ʔayyayna masculine accusative dual
pron 10 ʔayyatayna feminine accusative dual
pron 10 ʔayyīna masculine accusative plural
pron 10 ʔayyātim feminine accusative plural
pron 10 ʔayyim masculine genitive singular
pron 10 ʔayyatim feminine genitive singular
pron 10 ʔayyayna masculine genitive dual
pron 10 ʔayyatayna feminine genitive dual
pron 10 ʔayyīna masculine genitive plural
pron 10 ʔayyātim feminine genitive plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
bin- noun 9 ban- plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ʔalp- num 7 no-table-tags table-tags
num 7 lg inflection-template
num 7 ʔalpum nominative singular
num 7 ʔalpāna nominative dual
num 7 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
num 7 ʔalpam accusative singular
num 7 ʔalpayna accusative dual
num 7 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
num 7 ʔalpim genitive singular
num 7 ʔalpayna genitive dual
ʔalp- num 7 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
num 7 ʔalpī first-person singular possessive
num 7 ʔalpVya first-person singular possessive
num 7 - first-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVni first-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ʔalp- num 7 ʔalpVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ʔalp- num 7 ʔalpVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 7 ʔalpVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯūm- noun 5 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 5 lg inflection-template
noun 5 ṯūmum nominative singular
noun 5 ṯūmāna nominative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-ūna nominative plural
noun 5 ṯūmam accusative singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna accusative dual
noun 5 plural stem + *-īna accusative plural
noun 5 ṯūmim genitive singular
noun 5 ṯūmayna genitive dual
ṯūm- noun 5 plural stem + *-īna genitive plural
noun 5 ṯūmī first-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVya first-person singular possessive
noun 5 - first-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVni first-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
ṯūm- noun 5 ṯūmVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 ṯūmVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 5 *ṯawm- alternative
noun 5 *ṯuwm- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šum pron 5 ū romanization

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šim conj 3 šim canonical
conj 3 šimmā canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
lišān- noun 3 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 3 lg inflection-template
noun 3 lišānum nominative singular
noun 3 lišānāna nominative dual
noun 3 lišānātum nominative plural
noun 3 lišānam accusative singular
noun 3 lišānayna accusative dual
noun 3 lišānātim accusative plural
noun 3 lišānim genitive singular
noun 3 lišānayna genitive dual
lišān- noun 3 lišānātim genitive plural
noun 3 lišānī first-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVya first-person singular possessive
noun 3 - first-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVni first-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVka masculine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVki feminine second-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
lišān- noun 3 lišānVša feminine third-person singular possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
noun 3 lišānVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 lišānVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive
noun 3 *liššān- alternative
noun 3 *lašān- alternative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
miʔat- num 2 no-table-tags table-tags
num 2 lg inflection-template
num 2 miʔatum nominative singular
num 2 miʔatāna nominative dual
num 2 miʔātum nominative plural
num 2 miʔatam accusative singular
num 2 miʔatayna accusative dual
num 2 miʔātim accusative plural
num 2 miʔatim genitive singular
num 2 miʔatayna genitive dual
miʔat- num 2 miʔātim genitive plural
num 2 miʔatī first-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVya first-person singular possessive
num 2 - first-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVni first-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVka masculine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay masculine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkum masculine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumū masculine second-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVki feminine second-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumā feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkumay feminine second-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVkin feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVkinā feminine second-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšu masculine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay masculine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšum masculine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumū masculine third-person plural possessive
miʔat- num 2 miʔatVša feminine third-person singular possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumā feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšumay feminine third-person dual possessive
num 2 miʔatVšin feminine third-person plural possessive
num 2 miʔatVšinā feminine third-person plural possessive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mawut- verb 2 no-table-tags table-tags
verb 2 sem-pro-conj-a/*pawala-*yipūl inflection-template
verb 2 mawt- noun-from-verb
verb 2 māwit- active participle
verb 2 mawutku masculine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutka masculine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawata masculine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā masculine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatā masculine third-person dual perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutna masculine first-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawatū masculine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutku feminine first-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutki feminine second-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawatat feminine third-person singular perfect
verb 2 mawutkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutkā feminine second-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawatatā feminine third-person dual perfect
verb 2 mawutna feminine first-person plural perfect
mawut- verb 2 mawutkina feminine second-person plural perfect
verb 2 mawutā feminine third-person plural perfect
verb 2 ʔamūt masculine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt masculine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 yimūt masculine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā masculine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 yamūtā masculine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt masculine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtū masculine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtū masculine third-person plural imperfect
mawut- verb 2 ʔamūt feminine first-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtī feminine second-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūt feminine third-person singular imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person dual imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine third-person dual imperfect
verb 2 nimūt feminine first-person plural imperfect
verb 2 tamūtā feminine second-person plural imperfect
verb 2 yimūtā feminine third-person plural imperfect
verb 2 mūt masculine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā masculine second-person dual imperative
mawut- verb 2 mūtū masculine second-person plural imperative
verb 2 mūtī feminine second-person singular imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person dual imperative
verb 2 mūtā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
pataḥ- noun 2 no-table-tags table-tags
noun 2 sem-pro-conj/*paʕala-*yipʕal inflection-template
noun 2 patḥ- noun-from-verb
noun 2 pātiḥ- active participle
noun 2 patīḥ- passive participle
noun 2 patūḥ- passive participle
noun 2 pataḥku masculine first-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥka masculine second-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥa masculine third-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥkayā masculine first-person dual perfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥkā masculine second-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥā masculine third-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥna masculine first-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥkanu masculine second-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥū masculine third-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥku feminine first-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥki feminine second-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥat feminine third-person singular perfect
noun 2 pataḥkayā feminine first-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥkā feminine second-person dual perfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥatā feminine third-person dual perfect
noun 2 pataḥna feminine first-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥkina feminine second-person plural perfect
noun 2 pataḥā feminine third-person plural perfect
noun 2 ʔaptaḥ masculine first-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥ masculine second-person singular imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥ masculine third-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā masculine second-person dual imperfect
noun 2 yaptaḥā masculine third-person dual imperfect
noun 2 niptaḥ masculine first-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- noun 2 taptaḥū masculine second-person plural imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥū masculine third-person plural imperfect
noun 2 ʔaptaḥ feminine first-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥī feminine second-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥ feminine third-person singular imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person dual imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine third-person dual imperfect
noun 2 niptaḥ feminine first-person plural imperfect
noun 2 taptaḥā feminine second-person plural imperfect
noun 2 yiptaḥā feminine third-person plural imperfect
pataḥ- noun 2 pataḥ masculine second-person singular imperative
noun 2 pataḥā masculine second-person dual imperative
noun 2 pataḥū masculine second-person plural imperative
noun 2 pataḥī feminine second-person singular imperative
noun 2 pataḥā feminine second-person dual imperative
noun 2 pataḥā feminine second-person plural imperative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
ṯ̣upr- noun 2 ṯ̣upr- canonical
noun 2 ṯ̣ipr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
rabb- verb 2 conjugation *yirubb- prefix
verb 2 rabb- noun-from-verb

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
šaḥ(a)r- noun 1 šaḥr- masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mušy- noun 1 mušy- masculine canonical
noun 1 mušyat- feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
yanaḳ- verb 1 conjugation *yiyniḳ- prefix


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-21 using wiktextract (bd88cf0 and 0a198a9). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.