See waral- on Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "East Semitic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "akk", "2": "urnum", "alt": "𒌨𒉡", "tr": "urnum" }, "expansion": "Akkadian: 𒌨𒉡 (urnum)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Akkadian: 𒌨𒉡 (urnum)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "West Semitic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Central Semitic:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "وَرَل" }, "expansion": "Arabic: وَرَل (waral), وَرَن (waran) — Modern Standard Arabic, dialectal\n→ English: worral\n→ German: Waran\n⇒ German: Waraneidechse, Warneidechse\n⇒ German: Warner\n→ Translingual: (calque) Monitor (obsolete) and Lacerta monitor (obsolete)\n→ English: monitory lizard, monitor lizard\n→ German: Monitor\n→ Classical Syriac: ܘܪܠܐ (warlā), ܘܪܢܐ (warnā), ܘܪܐܠܐ (waralā)\n→ Translingual: Varanus (from which most European translations of monitor lizard)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Arabic: وَرَل (waral), وَرَن (waran) — Modern Standard Arabic, dialectal\n→ English: worral\n→ German: Waran\n⇒ German: Waraneidechse, Warneidechse\n⇒ German: Warner\n→ Translingual: (calque) Monitor (obsolete) and Lacerta monitor (obsolete)\n→ English: monitory lizard, monitor lizard\n→ German: Monitor\n→ Classical Syriac: ܘܪܠܐ (warlā), ܘܪܢܐ (warnā), ܘܪܐܠܐ (waralā)\n→ Translingual: Varanus (from which most European translations of monitor lizard)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [], "text": "Northwest Semitic:" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "arc", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Aramaic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Aramaic:" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "arc", "2": "arc-jla", "3": "tmr" }, "expansion": "Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", "name": "lect" } ], "text": "Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: יַלָּא (yallā), יָלָא (yālā)" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [], "text": "Canaanite:" }, { "depth": 5, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "phn", "2": "*𐤉𐤋", "ts": "*yūl" }, "expansion": "Phoenician: *𐤉𐤋 (*yl /*yūl/)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Phoenician: *𐤉𐤋 (*yl /*yūl/)" }, { "depth": 6, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ἴουλος", "bor": "1", "t": "catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf" }, "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: ἴουλος (íoulos, “catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Ancient Greek: ἴουλος (íoulos, “catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf”)" }, { "depth": 7, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "iūlus", "bor": "1", "t": "catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse" }, "expansion": "→ Latin: iūlus (“catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latin: iūlus (“catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse”)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Modern South Arabian:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hss", "2": "rewōl" }, "expansion": "Harsusi: rewōl", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Harsusi: rewōl" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gdq", "2": "rəwōl" }, "expansion": "Mehri: rəwōl", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mehri: rəwōl" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sem-pro", "2": "qfa-hur-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hurro-Urartian", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "Very likely a borrowing, in consideration of the consonant pairing, which is, barring perhaps a breakdown of a quadriconsonantal or any such arbitrary occurrence, impossible, whether it be r and l or r and n, as there is a strict rule that the second and third consonant of a triconsonantal Semitic root can only be identical but not otherwise homorganic; whereas a Proto-Hurro-Urartian origin is thinkable, compare *kinnār- and خُلَّر (ḵullar).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waralum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralam", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVya", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralVni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralVka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkinā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVša", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšinā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waraluka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralika", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralaka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waraluki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waraliki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralaki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural", "possessive" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sem-pro", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*waral- m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "sem-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Semitic", "lang_code": "sem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/waral-", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "monitor lizard" ], "id": "en-waral--sem-pro-noun-u~~UrgwS", "links": [ [ "monitor lizard", "monitor lizard" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "waran-" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Word (journal)", "construct state" ] } ], "word": "waral-" }
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "East Semitic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "akk", "2": "urnum", "alt": "𒌨𒉡", "tr": "urnum" }, "expansion": "Akkadian: 𒌨𒉡 (urnum)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Akkadian: 𒌨𒉡 (urnum)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "West Semitic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Central Semitic:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "وَرَل" }, "expansion": "Arabic: وَرَل (waral), وَرَن (waran) — Modern Standard Arabic, dialectal\n→ English: worral\n→ German: Waran\n⇒ German: Waraneidechse, Warneidechse\n⇒ German: Warner\n→ Translingual: (calque) Monitor (obsolete) and Lacerta monitor (obsolete)\n→ English: monitory lizard, monitor lizard\n→ German: Monitor\n→ Classical Syriac: ܘܪܠܐ (warlā), ܘܪܢܐ (warnā), ܘܪܐܠܐ (waralā)\n→ Translingual: Varanus (from which most European translations of monitor lizard)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Arabic: وَرَل (waral), وَرَن (waran) — Modern Standard Arabic, dialectal\n→ English: worral\n→ German: Waran\n⇒ German: Waraneidechse, Warneidechse\n⇒ German: Warner\n→ Translingual: (calque) Monitor (obsolete) and Lacerta monitor (obsolete)\n→ English: monitory lizard, monitor lizard\n→ German: Monitor\n→ Classical Syriac: ܘܪܠܐ (warlā), ܘܪܢܐ (warnā), ܘܪܐܠܐ (waralā)\n→ Translingual: Varanus (from which most European translations of monitor lizard)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [], "text": "Northwest Semitic:" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "arc", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Aramaic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Aramaic:" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "arc", "2": "arc-jla", "3": "tmr" }, "expansion": "Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", "name": "lect" } ], "text": "Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: יַלָּא (yallā), יָלָא (yālā)" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [], "text": "Canaanite:" }, { "depth": 5, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "phn", "2": "*𐤉𐤋", "ts": "*yūl" }, "expansion": "Phoenician: *𐤉𐤋 (*yl /*yūl/)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Phoenician: *𐤉𐤋 (*yl /*yūl/)" }, { "depth": 6, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ἴουλος", "bor": "1", "t": "catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf" }, "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: ἴουλος (íoulos, “catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Ancient Greek: ἴουλος (íoulos, “catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf”)" }, { "depth": 7, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "iūlus", "bor": "1", "t": "catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse" }, "expansion": "→ Latin: iūlus (“catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse”)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latin: iūlus (“catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse”)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Modern South Arabian:" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hss", "2": "rewōl" }, "expansion": "Harsusi: rewōl", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Harsusi: rewōl" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gdq", "2": "rəwōl" }, "expansion": "Mehri: rəwōl", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mehri: rəwōl" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sem-pro", "2": "qfa-hur-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hurro-Urartian", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "Very likely a borrowing, in consideration of the consonant pairing, which is, barring perhaps a breakdown of a quadriconsonantal or any such arbitrary occurrence, impossible, whether it be r and l or r and n, as there is a strict rule that the second and third consonant of a triconsonantal Semitic root can only be identical but not otherwise homorganic; whereas a Proto-Hurro-Urartian origin is thinkable, compare *kinnār- and خُلَّر (ḵullar).", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waralum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralam", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īna", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "waralī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVya", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralVni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralVka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVkinā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "masculine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "masculine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVša", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšumay", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "feminine", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "waralVšinā", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "feminine", "plural", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waraluka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralika", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralaka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īka", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "waraluki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralāki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-ūki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waraliki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "waralaki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "waralayki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "plural stem + *-īki", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural", "possessive" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sem-pro", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "g": "m", "g2": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "*waral- m", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "sem-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Semitic", "lang_code": "sem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/waral-", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Semitic lemmas", "Proto-Semitic masculine nouns", "Proto-Semitic nouns", "Proto-Semitic terms borrowed from Proto-Hurro-Urartian", "Proto-Semitic terms derived from Proto-Hurro-Urartian", "sem-pro:Reptiles" ], "glosses": [ "monitor lizard" ], "links": [ [ "monitor lizard", "monitor lizard" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Word (journal)", "construct state" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "waran-" } ], "word": "waral-" }
Download raw JSONL data for waral- meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.