See ま in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 末 in the cursive sōsho style.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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"pos": "syllable",
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"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ま (ma). Its equivalent in katakana is マ (ma). It is the thirty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ま行あ段 (ma-gyō a-dan, “row ma, section a”)."
],
"id": "en-ま-ja-syllable-UTPUx6UK",
"links": [
[
"ま",
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],
[
"マ",
"マ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"man'yōgana",
"sōsho"
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "toko no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"床",
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],
[
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],
"word": "床の間"
},
{
"roman": "cha no ma",
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"茶",
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{
"roman": "tsuka no ma",
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{
"roman": "ma ni au",
"ruby": [
[
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"ま"
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]
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"word": "間に合う"
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{
"roman": "ma mo naku",
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[
"間",
"ま"
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"word": "間もなく"
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],
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],
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"roman": "naka",
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"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older, bound form of 目 (me₂). See that entry for further details.\nProbably cognate with 見る (miru, “to see”) and 芽 (me, “bud”). Never found in isolation in modern Japanese. Remains as the first syllable of various compounds.",
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],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mae",
"ruby": [
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"前",
"まえ"
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],
"word": "前"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "majirogu",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"まじろ"
]
],
"word": "瞬ぐ"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "matataku",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"またた"
]
],
"word": "瞬く"
},
{
"english": "eyelash",
"roman": "matsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"睫",
"まつげ"
]
],
"word": "睫"
},
{
"english": "between one's eyes",
"roman": "manakai",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まな"
],
[
"間",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "眼間"
},
{
"english": "eyeball",
"roman": "manako",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まなこ"
]
],
"word": "眼"
},
{
"english": "look, gaze",
"roman": "manazashi",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まな"
],
[
"差",
"ざ"
]
],
"word": "眼差し"
},
{
"english": "corner of the eye",
"roman": "manajiri",
"ruby": [
[
"眦",
"まなじり"
]
],
"word": "眦"
},
{
"english": "just before one's eyes",
"roman": "manoatari",
"word": "まのあたり"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "mabataku",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"まばた"
]
],
"word": "瞬く"
},
{
"english": "wear low over one's eyes",
"roman": "mabuka",
"ruby": [
[
"目",
"ま"
],
[
"深",
"ぶか"
]
],
"word": "目深"
},
{
"roman": "mabuta",
"word": "瞼"
},
{
"english": "eyelid",
"roman": "manabuta",
"word": "瞼"
},
{
"english": "eyebrow",
"roman": "mamie",
"ruby": [
[
"眉",
"まみえ"
]
],
"word": "眉"
},
{
"english": "eyebrow",
"roman": "mayu",
"ruby": [
[
"眉",
"まゆ"
]
],
"word": "眉"
}
],
"glosses": [
"目, 眼: prefixal bound form of め (me, “eye”)"
],
"id": "en-ま-ja-noun-5BV1cD-E",
"links": [
[
"目",
"目#Japanese"
],
[
"眼",
"眼#Japanese"
],
[
"め",
"め#Japanese"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"word": "ま"
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{
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"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
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"id": "en-ま-ja-noun-9ZQO-9dS",
"links": [
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[
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[
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[
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "真実"
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"word": "本当"
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],
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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],
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"word": "ま"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "māka",
"word": "真赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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"word": "真っ赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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[
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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[
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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[
"真",
"ま"
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[
"上",
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],
"word": "真上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
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[
"顔",
"がお"
]
],
"word": "真顔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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[
"真",
"ま"
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[
"仮",
"が"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真仮名"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "magamo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鴨",
"がも"
]
],
"word": "真鴨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "真木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "maki",
"word": "槙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makita",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "真北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "magiwa",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"際",
"ぎわ"
]
],
"word": "真際"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makkura",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"暗",
"くら"
]
],
"word": "真っ暗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makkurayami",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"暗",
"くら"
],
[
"闇",
"やみ"
]
],
"word": "真っ暗闇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makuro",
"word": "真黒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makkuro",
"word": "真っ黒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makkuroi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"黒",
"くろ"
]
],
"word": "真っ黒い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makuwauri",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"桑",
"くわ"
],
[
"瓜",
"うり"
]
],
"word": "真桑瓜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "magoi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鯉",
"ごい"
]
],
"word": "真鯉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makkō",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"向",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "真っ向"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "magokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "真心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "makomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"菰",
"こも"
]
],
"word": "真菰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "in full swing, in the midst",
"roman": "massaichū",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
]
],
"word": "真っ最中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masakari",
"word": "真盛り"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "massakari",
"word": "真っ盛り"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masao",
"word": "真青"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "massao",
"word": "真っ青"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"逆",
"さか"
]
],
"word": "真逆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masakasama",
"word": "真逆様"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "massakasama",
"word": "真っ逆様"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "massaki",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"先",
"さき"
]
],
"word": "真っ先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masago",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"砂",
"さご"
]
],
"word": "真砂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashikaku",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"四",
"し"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "真四角"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masshigura",
"ruby": [
[
"驀地",
"まっしぐら"
]
],
"word": "驀地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashita",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "真下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashimizu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"清水",
"しみず"
]
],
"word": "真清水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashōjiki",
"word": "真正直"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masshōjiki",
"word": "真っ正直"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashōmen",
"word": "真正面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masshōmen",
"word": "真っ正面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashiro",
"word": "真白"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masshiro",
"word": "真っ白"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mashiroi",
"word": "真白い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "masshiroi",
"word": "真っ白い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "massugu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"直",
"す"
]
],
"word": "真っ直ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "madai",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鯛",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "真鯛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "madake",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"竹",
"だけ"
]
],
"word": "真竹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mattadanaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"只",
"ただ"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "真っ只中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "matsuchi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"土",
"つち"
]
],
"word": "真土"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "matomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"艫",
"とも"
]
],
"word": "真艫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "matomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"面",
"とも"
]
],
"word": "真面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mana",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真名"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mana",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"魚",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真魚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manaka",
"word": "真中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mannaka",
"word": "真ん中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manishi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"西",
"にし"
]
],
"word": "真西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "maningen",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"間",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "真人間"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mane",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"似",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "真似"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "maneru",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"似",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "真似る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mahadaka",
"word": "真裸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mappadaka",
"word": "真っ裸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mahira",
"word": "真平"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mappira",
"word": "真っ平"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mahiru",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"昼",
"ひる"
]
],
"word": "真昼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mahigashi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"東",
"ひがし"
]
],
"word": "真東"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mafutatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"二",
"ふた"
]
],
"word": "真二つ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mafuyu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
]
],
"word": "真冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "maho",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"帆",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "真帆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manmae",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"word": "真ん前"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "真ん丸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manmaru",
"word": "真ん円"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "真ん丸い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "manmarui",
"word": "真ん円い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mamizu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"水",
"みず"
]
],
"word": "真水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "maminami",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"南",
"みなみ"
]
],
"word": "真南"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "真向かい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mamukai",
"word": "真向い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mamuki",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"向",
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]
],
"word": "真向き"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mamono",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "真物"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mayo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夜",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "真夜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mayoko",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"横",
"よこ"
]
],
"word": "真横"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mayonaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夜",
"よ"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "真夜中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mawata",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"綿",
"わた"
]
],
"word": "真綿"
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],
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "",
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "CE"
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"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
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"form": "ma-",
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{
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[
"真",
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[
"心",
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"genuine",
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},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"english": "pure white",
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[
"真",
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[
"白",
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"text": "真白"
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],
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"id": "en-ま-ja-prefix-e6DYngq0",
"links": [
[
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[
"pure",
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[
"unadulterated",
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},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"english": "directly above",
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[
"真",
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[
"上",
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"text": "真上"
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-ま-ja-prefix--R-kGxEJ",
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[
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[
"definitely",
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[
"certainly",
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[
"exactly",
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[
"precisely",
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[
"directly",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 32 15 1 0 0 11 3 38",
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"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 28 18 2 0 1 16 3 33",
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{
"_dis": "0 29 18 2 0 1 15 3 32",
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"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
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{
"_dis": "0 32 16 1 0 1 12 2 35",
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"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 32 18 1 0 0 14 1 34",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "true bamboo",
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[
"真",
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[
"竹",
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],
"text": "真竹"
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],
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"真: true, real, main (appended to words for animals or plants to indicate the representative type)"
],
"id": "en-ま-ja-prefix-ckPFXoQN",
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[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
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[
"true",
"true"
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[
"real",
"real"
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[
"main",
"main"
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[
"animal",
"animal"
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[
"plant",
"plant"
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[
"representative",
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[
"type",
"type"
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],
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},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"english": "great Kumano",
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[
"真",
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[
"熊",
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[
"野",
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],
"text": "真熊野"
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],
"glosses": [
"真: (archaic, possibly obsolete, honorific) great, excellent"
],
"id": "en-ま-ja-prefix-lZ2PUDSP",
"links": [
[
"真",
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[
"great",
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[
"excellent",
"excellent"
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"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ま"
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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],
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"Kojiki"
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"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [],
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"魔"
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{
"id": "en-ま-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
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"no-gloss"
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}
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{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
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],
"word": "ま"
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"categories": [
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],
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"word": "平"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "𛄲"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "と"
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{
"word": "ど"
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{
"word": "な"
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{
"word": "に"
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{
"word": "ぬ"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "ば"
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{
"word": "ぱ"
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{
"word": "ひ"
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{
"word": "び"
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{
"word": "ぴ"
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{
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{
"word": "ぶ"
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{
"word": "ぷ"
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{
"word": "へ"
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{
"word": "べ"
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{
"word": "ぺ"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "め"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "𛀆"
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{
"word": "ゆ"
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{
"word": "ゅ"
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{
"word": "𛀁"
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{
"word": "よ"
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{
"word": "ょ"
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{
"word": "ら"
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{
"word": "゚"
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{
"word": "り"
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{
"word": "る"
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{
"word": "れ"
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{
"word": "ろ"
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{
"word": "わ"
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{
"word": "ゎ"
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{
"word": "゙"
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{
"word": "ゐ"
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{
"word": "𛅐"
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{
"word": "𛄟"
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{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
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{
"word": "を"
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{
"word": "𛅒"
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{
"word": "ん"
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{
"word": "ー"
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{
"word": "ゝ"
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{
"word": "ゞ"
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{
"word": "ゟ"
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable ま (ma). Its equivalent in katakana is マ (ma). It is the thirty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ま行あ段 (ma-gyō a-dan, “row ma, section a”)."
],
"links": [
[
"ま",
"ま#Japanese"
],
[
"マ",
"マ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"man'yōgana",
"sōsho"
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "toko no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"床",
"とこ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "床の間"
},
{
"roman": "cha no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "茶の間"
},
{
"roman": "tsuka no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"束",
"つか"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "束の間"
},
{
"roman": "ma ni au",
"ruby": [
[
"間",
"ま"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
]
],
"word": "間に合う"
},
{
"roman": "ma mo naku",
"ruby": [
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "間もなく"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "間"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ま"
},
"expansion": "ま • (ma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"間: space; room"
],
"links": [
[
"間",
"間#Japanese"
],
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"room",
"room"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ま"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "naka",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "中"
}
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Old Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mae",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"word": "前"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "majirogu",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"まじろ"
]
],
"word": "瞬ぐ"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "matataku",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"またた"
]
],
"word": "瞬く"
},
{
"english": "eyelash",
"roman": "matsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"睫",
"まつげ"
]
],
"word": "睫"
},
{
"english": "between one's eyes",
"roman": "manakai",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まな"
],
[
"間",
"かい"
]
],
"word": "眼間"
},
{
"english": "eyeball",
"roman": "manako",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まなこ"
]
],
"word": "眼"
},
{
"english": "look, gaze",
"roman": "manazashi",
"ruby": [
[
"眼",
"まな"
],
[
"差",
"ざ"
]
],
"word": "眼差し"
},
{
"english": "corner of the eye",
"roman": "manajiri",
"ruby": [
[
"眦",
"まなじり"
]
],
"word": "眦"
},
{
"english": "just before one's eyes",
"roman": "manoatari",
"word": "まのあたり"
},
{
"english": "to blink, wink",
"roman": "mabataku",
"ruby": [
[
"瞬",
"まばた"
]
],
"word": "瞬く"
},
{
"english": "wear low over one's eyes",
"roman": "mabuka",
"ruby": [
[
"目",
"ま"
],
[
"深",
"ぶか"
]
],
"word": "目深"
},
{
"roman": "mabuta",
"word": "瞼"
},
{
"english": "eyelid",
"roman": "manabuta",
"word": "瞼"
},
{
"english": "eyebrow",
"roman": "mamie",
"ruby": [
[
"眉",
"まみえ"
]
],
"word": "眉"
},
{
"english": "eyebrow",
"roman": "mayu",
"ruby": [
[
"眉",
"まゆ"
]
],
"word": "眉"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "目"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ま"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older, bound form of 目 (me₂). See that entry for further details.\nProbably cognate with 見る (miru, “to see”) and 芽 (me, “bud”). Never found in isolation in modern Japanese. Remains as the first syllable of various compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ま • (ma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"目, 眼: prefixal bound form of め (me, “eye”)"
],
"links": [
[
"目",
"目#Japanese"
],
[
"眼",
"眼#Japanese"
],
[
"め",
"め#Japanese"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "真"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ま • (ma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ma ni ukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"受",
"う"
]
],
"word": "真に受ける"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"真: the truth, reality, genuineness"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"truth",
"truth"
],
[
"reality",
"reality"
],
[
"genuineness",
"genuineness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "真実"
},
{
"word": "本当"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ま"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "māka",
"word": "真赤"
},
{
"roman": "makka",
"word": "真っ赤"
},
{
"roman": "mātarashī",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"新",
"あたら"
]
],
"word": "真新しい"
},
{
"roman": "maichimonji",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"文",
"もん"
],
[
"字",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "真一文字"
},
{
"roman": "maue",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"word": "真上"
},
{
"roman": "maushiro",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"後",
"うし"
]
],
"word": "真後ろ"
},
{
"roman": "magao",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"顔",
"がお"
]
],
"word": "真顔"
},
{
"roman": "magana",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"仮",
"が"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真仮名"
},
{
"roman": "magamo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鴨",
"がも"
]
],
"word": "真鴨"
},
{
"word": "真木"
},
{
"roman": "maki",
"word": "槙"
},
{
"roman": "makita",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"北",
"きた"
]
],
"word": "真北"
},
{
"roman": "magiwa",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"際",
"ぎわ"
]
],
"word": "真際"
},
{
"roman": "makkura",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"暗",
"くら"
]
],
"word": "真っ暗"
},
{
"roman": "makkurayami",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"暗",
"くら"
],
[
"闇",
"やみ"
]
],
"word": "真っ暗闇"
},
{
"roman": "makuro",
"word": "真黒"
},
{
"roman": "makkuro",
"word": "真っ黒"
},
{
"roman": "makkuroi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"黒",
"くろ"
]
],
"word": "真っ黒い"
},
{
"roman": "makuwauri",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"桑",
"くわ"
],
[
"瓜",
"うり"
]
],
"word": "真桑瓜"
},
{
"roman": "magoi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鯉",
"ごい"
]
],
"word": "真鯉"
},
{
"roman": "makkō",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"向",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "真っ向"
},
{
"roman": "magokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "真心"
},
{
"roman": "makomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"菰",
"こも"
]
],
"word": "真菰"
},
{
"english": "in full swing, in the midst",
"roman": "massaichū",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
]
],
"word": "真っ最中"
},
{
"roman": "masakari",
"word": "真盛り"
},
{
"roman": "massakari",
"word": "真っ盛り"
},
{
"roman": "masao",
"word": "真青"
},
{
"roman": "massao",
"word": "真っ青"
},
{
"roman": "masaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"逆",
"さか"
]
],
"word": "真逆"
},
{
"roman": "masakasama",
"word": "真逆様"
},
{
"roman": "massakasama",
"word": "真っ逆様"
},
{
"roman": "massaki",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"先",
"さき"
]
],
"word": "真っ先"
},
{
"roman": "masago",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"砂",
"さご"
]
],
"word": "真砂"
},
{
"roman": "mashikaku",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"四",
"し"
],
[
"角",
"かく"
]
],
"word": "真四角"
},
{
"roman": "masshigura",
"ruby": [
[
"驀地",
"まっしぐら"
]
],
"word": "驀地"
},
{
"roman": "mashita",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "真下"
},
{
"roman": "mashimizu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"清水",
"しみず"
]
],
"word": "真清水"
},
{
"roman": "mashōjiki",
"word": "真正直"
},
{
"roman": "masshōjiki",
"word": "真っ正直"
},
{
"roman": "mashōmen",
"word": "真正面"
},
{
"roman": "masshōmen",
"word": "真っ正面"
},
{
"roman": "mashiro",
"word": "真白"
},
{
"roman": "masshiro",
"word": "真っ白"
},
{
"roman": "mashiroi",
"word": "真白い"
},
{
"roman": "masshiroi",
"word": "真っ白い"
},
{
"roman": "massugu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"直",
"す"
]
],
"word": "真っ直ぐ"
},
{
"roman": "madai",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"鯛",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "真鯛"
},
{
"roman": "madake",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"竹",
"だけ"
]
],
"word": "真竹"
},
{
"roman": "mattadanaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"只",
"ただ"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "真っ只中"
},
{
"roman": "matsuchi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"土",
"つち"
]
],
"word": "真土"
},
{
"roman": "matomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"艫",
"とも"
]
],
"word": "真艫"
},
{
"roman": "matomo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"面",
"とも"
]
],
"word": "真面"
},
{
"roman": "mana",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真名"
},
{
"roman": "mana",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"魚",
"な"
]
],
"word": "真魚"
},
{
"roman": "manaka",
"word": "真中"
},
{
"roman": "mannaka",
"word": "真ん中"
},
{
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"roman": "manishi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"西",
"にし"
]
],
"word": "真西"
},
{
"roman": "maningen",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"間",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "真人間"
},
{
"roman": "mane",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"似",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "真似"
},
{
"roman": "maneru",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"似",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "真似る"
},
{
"roman": "mahadaka",
"word": "真裸"
},
{
"roman": "mappadaka",
"word": "真っ裸"
},
{
"roman": "mahira",
"word": "真平"
},
{
"roman": "mappira",
"word": "真っ平"
},
{
"roman": "mahiru",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"昼",
"ひる"
]
],
"word": "真昼"
},
{
"roman": "mahigashi",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"東",
"ひがし"
]
],
"word": "真東"
},
{
"roman": "mafutatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"二",
"ふた"
]
],
"word": "真二つ"
},
{
"roman": "mafuyu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
]
],
"word": "真冬"
},
{
"roman": "maho",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"帆",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "真帆"
},
{
"roman": "manmae",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"word": "真ん前"
},
{
"word": "真ん丸"
},
{
"roman": "manmaru",
"word": "真ん円"
},
{
"word": "真ん丸い"
},
{
"roman": "manmarui",
"word": "真ん円い"
},
{
"roman": "mamizu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"水",
"みず"
]
],
"word": "真水"
},
{
"roman": "maminami",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"南",
"みなみ"
]
],
"word": "真南"
},
{
"word": "真向かい"
},
{
"roman": "mamukai",
"word": "真向い"
},
{
"roman": "mamuki",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"word": "真向き"
},
{
"roman": "mamono",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "真物"
},
{
"roman": "mayo",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夜",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "真夜"
},
{
"roman": "mayoko",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"横",
"よこ"
]
],
"word": "真横"
},
{
"roman": "mayonaka",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夜",
"よ"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "真夜中"
},
{
"roman": "mawata",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"綿",
"わた"
]
],
"word": "真綿"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "真"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ma-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ま • (ma-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "one's real mind, one's real thoughts and feelings about something",
"roman": "magokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"text": "真心"
}
],
"glosses": [
"真: real, genuine"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pure white",
"roman": "mashiro",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
]
],
"text": "真白"
}
],
"glosses": [
"真: pure, unadulterated"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"unadulterated",
"unadulterated"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "directly above",
"roman": "maue",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"text": "真上"
}
],
"glosses": [
"真: definitely, certainly, exactly, precisely, directly"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"definitely",
"definitely"
],
[
"certainly",
"certainly"
],
[
"exactly",
"exactly"
],
[
"precisely",
"precisely"
],
[
"directly",
"directly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "true bamboo",
"roman": "matake",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"竹",
"たけ"
]
],
"text": "真竹"
}
],
"glosses": [
"真: true, real, main (appended to words for animals or plants to indicate the representative type)"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"real",
"real"
],
[
"main",
"main"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"representative",
"representative"
],
[
"type",
"type"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese honorific terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "great Kumano",
"roman": "makumano",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"熊",
"くま"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"text": "真熊野"
}
],
"glosses": [
"真: (archaic, possibly obsolete, honorific) great, excellent"
],
"links": [
[
"真",
"真#Japanese"
],
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ま"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "ま"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"魔"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ma̠]"
}
],
"word": "ま"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ま meaning in Japanese (18.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ま"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "syllable",
"title": "ま",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ま"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ま",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ま"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ま",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ま"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ま",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ま"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ま",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.