"ず" meaning in Japanese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: [d͡zɨᵝ], [zɨᵝ]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Generally considered to be a combination of negation suffix ぬ (nu) in its 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of に (ni) + honorific suffix す (su). /nisu/ → */nzu/ → /zu/ Appears both as zu and as the older nisu form in the Man'yōshū poetry anthology. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{m|ja|ぬ|tr=nu}} ぬ (nu), {{m|ja|連用形||continuative or stem form|tr=ren'yōkei}} 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”), {{m|ja|に|tr=ni}} に (ni), {{m|ja|す|tr=su}} す (su) Head templates: {{ja-pos|suffix}} ず • (-zu) Inflection templates: {{ja-conj-bungo|f1=ず;ざら;な?Nara period form.|f10=ずは;ずば;ざらば|f11=ざりき|f12=ざりけり|f13=ざりつ|f14=ざりぬ?Unattested.|f15=ざりたり|f16=ず|f2=ず?Without auxiliary verbs.;ざり?With auxiliary verbs.;に?Nara period form.|f3=ず;ざり|f4=ぬ;ざる|f5=ね;ざれ|f6=ざれ|f7=-|f8=ねど;ざれど|f9=ねば;ざれば}} Forms: -zu [romanization], irregular [table-tags], [irrealis, stem], ざら [irrealis, stem], [irrealis, stem], zu [irrealis, stem], zara [irrealis, stem], na [irrealis, stem], [continuative, stem], ざり [continuative, stem], [continuative, stem], zu [continuative, stem], zari [continuative, stem], ni [continuative, stem], [stem, terminative], ざり [stem, terminative], zu [stem, terminative], zari [stem, terminative], [attributive, stem], ざる [attributive, stem], nu [attributive, stem], zaru [attributive, stem], [realis, stem], ざれ [realis, stem], ne [realis, stem], zare [realis, stem], ざれ [imperative, stem], zare [imperative, stem], - [negative], ねど [contrastive], ざれど [contrastive], nedo [contrastive], zaredo [contrastive], ねば [causative], ざれば [causative], neba [causative], zareba [causative], ずは [conditional], ずば [conditional], ざらば [conditional], zufa [conditional], zuba [conditional], zaraba [conditional], ざりき [past], zariki [past], ざりけり [past], zarikeri [past], ざりつ [perfect], zaritu [perfect], ざりぬ [perfect], zarinu [perfect], ざりたり [continuative, perfect], zaritari [continuative, perfect], [adverbial], zu [adverbial], ^([1])Nara period form., ^([2])Without auxiliary verbs., ^([3])With auxiliary verbs., ^([4])Unattested.
  1. not doing Tags: morpheme Derived forms: ずに (-zu ni) (english: without)
    Sense id: en-ず-ja-suffix-zSN-pxLW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Syllable

IPA: [d͡zɨᵝ], [zɨᵝ] Forms: zu [romanization]
Etymology: The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛). Etymology templates: {{m|ja|す|tr=su}} す (su), {{m|ja|゛}} ゛, {{Hira-dakuten|す|su}} The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛). Head templates: {{ja-pos|syllable}} ず • (zu)
  1. The hiragana syllable ず (zu). Its equivalent in katakana is ズ (zu).
    Sense id: en-ず-ja-syllable-6JwdB4Pd Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 7 93 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 5 95 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 5 95 Related terms: あぁ, かゕがか゚, さざ, ただ, , はばぱ, , やゃ, らら゚, わゎわ゙, , いぃ, きぎき゚, しじ, ちぢ, , ひびぴ, , 𛀆, りり゚, ゐ𛅐ゐ゙, うぅゔ, くぐく゚, すず, つっづ, , ふぶぷ, , ゆゅ, るる゚, 𛄟, えぇ, けゖげけ゚, せぜ, てで, , へべぺ, , 𛀁, れれ゚, ゑ𛅑ゑ゙, おぉ, こごこ゚, そぞ, とど, , ほぼぽ, , よょ, ろろ゚, を𛅒を゙, Additional symbols ーゝゞゟ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ず meaning in Japanese (8.7kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "す",
        "tr": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "す (su)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "゛"
      },
      "expansion": "゛",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "す",
        "2": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛).",
      "name": "Hira-dakuten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syllable"
      },
      "expansion": "ず • (zu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "syllable",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The hiragana syllable ず (zu). Its equivalent in katakana is ズ (zu)."
      ],
      "id": "en-ず-ja-syllable-6JwdB4Pd",
      "links": [
        [
          "ず",
          "ず#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ズ",
          "ズ#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "あぁ"
        },
        {
          "word": "かゕがか゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "さざ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ただ"
        },
        {
          "word": "な"
        },
        {
          "word": "はばぱ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ま"
        },
        {
          "word": "やゃ"
        },
        {
          "word": "らら゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "わゎわ゙"
        },
        {
          "word": "ん"
        },
        {
          "word": "いぃ"
        },
        {
          "word": "きぎき゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "しじ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ちぢ"
        },
        {
          "word": "に"
        },
        {
          "word": "ひびぴ"
        },
        {
          "word": "み"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛀆"
        },
        {
          "word": "りり゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゐ𛅐ゐ゙"
        },
        {
          "word": "うぅゔ"
        },
        {
          "word": "くぐく゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "すず"
        },
        {
          "word": "つっづ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぬ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ふぶぷ"
        },
        {
          "word": "む"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゆゅ"
        },
        {
          "word": "るる゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛄟"
        },
        {
          "word": "えぇ"
        },
        {
          "word": "けゖげけ゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "せぜ"
        },
        {
          "word": "てで"
        },
        {
          "word": "ね"
        },
        {
          "word": "へべぺ"
        },
        {
          "word": "め"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛀁"
        },
        {
          "word": "れれ゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゑ𛅑ゑ゙"
        },
        {
          "word": "おぉ"
        },
        {
          "word": "こごこ゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "そぞ"
        },
        {
          "word": "とど"
        },
        {
          "word": "の"
        },
        {
          "word": "ほぼぽ"
        },
        {
          "word": "も"
        },
        {
          "word": "よょ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ろろ゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "を𛅒を゙"
        },
        {
          "word": "Additional symbols ーゝゞゟ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡zɨᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ず"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ぬ",
        "tr": "nu"
      },
      "expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "に",
        "tr": "ni"
      },
      "expansion": "に (ni)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "す",
        "tr": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "す (su)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Generally considered to be a combination of negation suffix ぬ (nu) in its 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of に (ni) + honorific suffix す (su).\n/nisu/ → */nzu/ → /zu/\nAppears both as zu and as the older nisu form in the Man'yōshū poetry anthology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-zu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざら",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "な",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "に",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ね",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ねど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ねば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zareba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ずは",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ずば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざらば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zufa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zuba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaraba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zariki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zarikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaritu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zarinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaritari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "^([1])Nara period form.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([2])Without auxiliary verbs.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([3])With auxiliary verbs.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([4])Unattested.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ず • (-zu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "f1": "ず;ざら;な?Nara period form.",
        "f10": "ずは;ずば;ざらば",
        "f11": "ざりき",
        "f12": "ざりけり",
        "f13": "ざりつ",
        "f14": "ざりぬ?Unattested.",
        "f15": "ざりたり",
        "f16": "ず",
        "f2": "ず?Without auxiliary verbs.;ざり?With auxiliary verbs.;に?Nara period form.",
        "f3": "ず;ざり",
        "f4": "ぬ;ざる",
        "f5": "ね;ざれ",
        "f6": "ざれ",
        "f7": "-",
        "f8": "ねど;ざれど",
        "f9": "ねば;ざれば"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "without",
          "roman": "-zu ni",
          "word": "ずに"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "not knowing anything",
          "roman": "nani mo shirazu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "何",
              "なに"
            ],
            [
              "知",
              "し"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "何も知らず"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not doing"
      ],
      "id": "en-ず-ja-suffix-zSN-pxLW",
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡zɨᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijisen",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Shogakukan",
    "Tōkyō",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:大辞泉",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "ず"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese syllables",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "す",
        "tr": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "す (su)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "゛"
      },
      "expansion": "゛",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "す",
        "2": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛).",
      "name": "Hira-dakuten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The hiragana character す (su) with a dakuten (゛).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syllable"
      },
      "expansion": "ず • (zu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "syllable",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "あぁ"
    },
    {
      "word": "かゕがか゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "さざ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ただ"
    },
    {
      "word": "な"
    },
    {
      "word": "はばぱ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ま"
    },
    {
      "word": "やゃ"
    },
    {
      "word": "らら゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "わゎわ゙"
    },
    {
      "word": "ん"
    },
    {
      "word": "いぃ"
    },
    {
      "word": "きぎき゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "しじ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ちぢ"
    },
    {
      "word": "に"
    },
    {
      "word": "ひびぴ"
    },
    {
      "word": "み"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛀆"
    },
    {
      "word": "りり゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゐ𛅐ゐ゙"
    },
    {
      "word": "うぅゔ"
    },
    {
      "word": "くぐく゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "すず"
    },
    {
      "word": "つっづ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぬ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ふぶぷ"
    },
    {
      "word": "む"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゆゅ"
    },
    {
      "word": "るる゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛄟"
    },
    {
      "word": "えぇ"
    },
    {
      "word": "けゖげけ゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "せぜ"
    },
    {
      "word": "てで"
    },
    {
      "word": "ね"
    },
    {
      "word": "へべぺ"
    },
    {
      "word": "め"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛀁"
    },
    {
      "word": "れれ゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゑ𛅑ゑ゙"
    },
    {
      "word": "おぉ"
    },
    {
      "word": "こごこ゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "そぞ"
    },
    {
      "word": "とど"
    },
    {
      "word": "の"
    },
    {
      "word": "ほぼぽ"
    },
    {
      "word": "も"
    },
    {
      "word": "よょ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ろろ゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "を𛅒を゙"
    },
    {
      "word": "Additional symbols ーゝゞゟ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The hiragana syllable ず (zu). Its equivalent in katakana is ズ (zu)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ず",
          "ず#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ズ",
          "ズ#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡zɨᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ず"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese suffixes",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "without",
      "roman": "-zu ni",
      "word": "ずに"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ぬ",
        "tr": "nu"
      },
      "expansion": "ぬ (nu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連用形",
        "3": "",
        "4": "continuative or stem form",
        "tr": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "に",
        "tr": "ni"
      },
      "expansion": "に (ni)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "す",
        "tr": "su"
      },
      "expansion": "す (su)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Generally considered to be a combination of negation suffix ぬ (nu) in its 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of に (ni) + honorific suffix す (su).\n/nisu/ → */nzu/ → /zu/\nAppears both as zu and as the older nisu form in the Man'yōshū poetry anthology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-zu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざら",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "な",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "に",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ね",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zare",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ねど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaredo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ねば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zareba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ずは",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ずば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざらば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zufa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zuba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaraba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zariki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zarikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaritu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zarinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ざりたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zaritari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "^([1])Nara period form.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([2])Without auxiliary verbs.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([3])With auxiliary verbs.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    },
    {
      "form": "^([4])Unattested.",
      "source": "conjugation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ず • (-zu)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "f1": "ず;ざら;な?Nara period form.",
        "f10": "ずは;ずば;ざらば",
        "f11": "ざりき",
        "f12": "ざりけり",
        "f13": "ざりつ",
        "f14": "ざりぬ?Unattested.",
        "f15": "ざりたり",
        "f16": "ず",
        "f2": "ず?Without auxiliary verbs.;ざり?With auxiliary verbs.;に?Nara period form.",
        "f3": "ず;ざり",
        "f4": "ぬ;ざる",
        "f5": "ね;ざれ",
        "f6": "ざれ",
        "f7": "-",
        "f8": "ねど;ざれど",
        "f9": "ねば;ざれば"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "not knowing anything",
          "roman": "nani mo shirazu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "何",
              "なに"
            ],
            [
              "知",
              "し"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "何も知らず"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not doing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡zɨᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijisen",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Shogakukan",
    "Tōkyō",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:大辞泉",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "ず"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "図",
    "徒",
    "頭",
    "出"
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡zɨᵝ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ず"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "syllable",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Nara period form. ^([2])Without auxiliary verbs. ^([3])With auxiliary verbs. ^([4])Unattested., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^([1])Nara period form.",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^([2])Without auxiliary verbs.",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^([3])With auxiliary verbs.",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^([4])Unattested.",
  "path": [
    "ず"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "ず",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.