See つ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for つ meaning in Japanese (15.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "川"
},
"expansion": "川",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style",
"name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable つ (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is ツ (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行う段 (ta-gyō u-dan, “row ta, section u”)."
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-syllable-Y5SDyFkl",
"links": [
[
"つ",
"つ#Japanese"
],
[
"ツ",
"ツ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
},
{
"roman": "tu",
"word": "とぅ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "although, while",
"roman": "tsutsu",
"word": "つつ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "te",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"suffix"
],
"word": "て"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨tu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨tu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "棄つ",
"2": "うつ",
"3": "throw away, discard",
"rom": "<utu> → utsu"
},
"expansion": "棄(う)つ (→ utsu, “throw away, discard”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nAccording to one theory, shortened from 棄(う)つ (→ utsu, “throw away, discard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "turu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "てよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "teyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ざりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "turedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "てば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "teba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "^([1])Perfect tense of ず.",
"source": "conjugation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "つ • (-tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "2d-t",
"3": "",
"f10": "てば",
"f8": "つれど",
"f9": "つれば",
"f_neg": "ざりつ?Perfect tense of ず.",
"hkc": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates the completion of an action"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-suffix-P5I1IpSb",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"completion",
"completion#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates certainty"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-suffix-ucrsGAlX",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"certainty",
"certainty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates certainty"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates affirmation"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-suffix-C~dHDY0J",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"affirmation",
"affirmation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shows parallel action"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-suffix-2nY99kq8",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form ...tsu ...tsu"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨tu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨tu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "の"
},
"expansion": "の (no)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "な"
},
"expansion": "な (na)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "す"
},
"expansion": "す (su)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "し"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "て"
},
"expansion": "て (te)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "叱",
"tr": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 叱 (-s)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "ㅅ",
"tr": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "春雨",
"pos": "possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\")",
"tr": "harusame"
},
"expansion": "春雨 (harusame, possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\"))",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "新稲",
"pos": "possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\")",
"tr": "nīshine"
},
"expansion": "新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\"))",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "真青",
"pos": "possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\")",
"tr": "masao"
},
"expansion": "真青 (masao, possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\"))",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nThere were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.\nYamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\")).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"豊",
"とよ"
],
[
"葦",
"あし"
],
[
"原",
"はらの"
],
[
"中",
"なかつ"
],
[
"国",
"くに"
]
],
"text": "豊葦原中国\nToyoashihara no Nakatsukuni\nToyoashihara no Nakatsukuni"
},
{
"english": "wind blowing from the heavens",
"roman": "ama tsu kaze",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"あま"
],
[
"風",
"かぜ"
]
],
"text": "天つ風"
},
{
"english": "kami of the land",
"roman": "kuni tsu kami",
"ruby": [
[
"国",
"くに"
],
[
"神",
"かみ"
]
],
"text": "国つ神"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive or possessive marker"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-particle-VB8dUlJK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ga",
"word": "が"
},
{
"english": "no",
"word": "の"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "counter"
},
"expansion": "つ • (-tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "counter",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 8 6 6 2 1 4 6 7 5 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese symbols",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 15 18 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese counters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hitotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
]
],
"word": "一つ"
},
{
"roman": "futatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"ふた"
]
],
"word": "二つ"
},
{
"roman": "mitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"みっ"
],
[
"三",
"み"
]
],
"word": "三つ三つ"
},
{
"roman": "yotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"四",
"よっ"
],
[
"四",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "四つ四つ"
},
{
"roman": "itsutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"五",
"いつ"
]
],
"word": "五つ"
},
{
"roman": "mutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"六",
"むっ"
],
[
"六",
"む"
]
],
"word": "六つ六つ"
},
{
"roman": "nanatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"七",
"なな"
]
],
"word": "七つ"
},
{
"roman": "yatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"八",
"やっ"
],
[
"八",
"や"
]
],
"word": "八つ八つ"
},
{
"roman": "kokonotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"九",
"ここの"
]
],
"word": "九つ"
},
{
"roman": "ikutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"幾",
"いく"
]
],
"word": "幾つ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-counter-~ZCdt4Gh",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-chi",
"word": "ち"
},
{
"roman": "hatachi",
"word": "for 二十歳"
},
{
"roman": "misoji",
"word": "みそじ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "個"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"津: harbor, port; ferry"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-noun-vkq~OY8v",
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"harbor",
"harbor"
],
[
"port",
"port"
],
[
"ferry",
"ferry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper"
},
"expansion": "つ • (Tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 37 2 1 7 1 7 8 8 7 12 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 2 1 7 1 6 7 8 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 2 1 8 1 6 7 8 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"津: a place name"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-name-4M2yGWDZ",
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"津: a surname"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-name-K3IJNc15",
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"唾: saliva, spit"
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-noun-0duhzkYK",
"links": [
[
"唾",
"唾#Japanese"
],
[
"saliva",
"saliva"
],
[
"spit",
"spit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "(´･ω･)つ旦"
},
"expansion": "(´･ω･)つ旦",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from kaomoji such as (´･ω･)つ旦, which represents serving tea.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "つ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Representing a hand handing something over."
],
"id": "en-つ-ja-symbol-qvQynq6P",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Representing a hand handing something over."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ノシ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese syllables",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "川"
},
"expansion": "川",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style",
"name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"related": [
{
"word": "平"
},
{
"word": "仮"
},
{
"word": "名"
},
{
"word": "あ"
},
{
"word": "ぁ"
},
{
"word": "い"
},
{
"word": "ぃ"
},
{
"word": "う"
},
{
"word": "ぅ"
},
{
"word": "ゔ"
},
{
"word": "え"
},
{
"word": "ぇ"
},
{
"word": "お"
},
{
"word": "ぉ"
},
{
"word": "か"
},
{
"word": "ゕ"
},
{
"word": "が"
},
{
"word": "き"
},
{
"word": "ぎ"
},
{
"word": "く"
},
{
"word": "ぐ"
},
{
"word": "け"
},
{
"word": "ゖ"
},
{
"word": "げ"
},
{
"word": "こ"
},
{
"word": "𛄲"
},
{
"word": "ご"
},
{
"word": "さ"
},
{
"word": "ざ"
},
{
"word": "し"
},
{
"word": "じ"
},
{
"word": "す"
},
{
"word": "ず"
},
{
"word": "せ"
},
{
"word": "ぜ"
},
{
"word": "そ"
},
{
"word": "ぞ"
},
{
"word": "た"
},
{
"word": "だ"
},
{
"word": "ち"
},
{
"word": "ぢ"
},
{
"word": "つ"
},
{
"word": "っ"
},
{
"word": "づ"
},
{
"word": "て"
},
{
"word": "で"
},
{
"word": "と"
},
{
"word": "ど"
},
{
"word": "な"
},
{
"word": "に"
},
{
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"word": "ね"
},
{
"word": "の"
},
{
"word": "は"
},
{
"word": "ば"
},
{
"word": "ぱ"
},
{
"word": "ひ"
},
{
"word": "び"
},
{
"word": "ぴ"
},
{
"word": "ふ"
},
{
"word": "ぶ"
},
{
"word": "ぷ"
},
{
"word": "へ"
},
{
"word": "べ"
},
{
"word": "ぺ"
},
{
"word": "ほ"
},
{
"word": "ぼ"
},
{
"word": "ぽ"
},
{
"word": "ま"
},
{
"word": "み"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "め"
},
{
"word": "も"
},
{
"word": "や"
},
{
"word": "ゃ"
},
{
"word": "𛀆"
},
{
"word": "ゆ"
},
{
"word": "ゅ"
},
{
"word": "𛀁"
},
{
"word": "よ"
},
{
"word": "ょ"
},
{
"word": "ら"
},
{
"word": "゚"
},
{
"word": "り"
},
{
"word": "る"
},
{
"word": "れ"
},
{
"word": "ろ"
},
{
"word": "わ"
},
{
"word": "ゎ"
},
{
"word": "゙"
},
{
"word": "ゐ"
},
{
"word": "𛅐"
},
{
"word": "𛄟"
},
{
"word": "ゑ"
},
{
"word": "𛅑"
},
{
"word": "を"
},
{
"word": "𛅒"
},
{
"word": "ん"
},
{
"word": "ー"
},
{
"word": "ゝ"
},
{
"word": "ゞ"
},
{
"word": "ゟ"
},
{
"roman": "tu",
"word": "とぅ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable つ (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is ツ (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行う段 (ta-gyō u-dan, “row ta, section u”)."
],
"links": [
[
"つ",
"つ#Japanese"
],
[
"ツ",
"ツ#Japanese"
],
[
"gojūon",
"gojūon"
],
[
"行",
"行#Japanese"
],
[
"段",
"段#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "although, while",
"roman": "tsutsu",
"word": "つつ"
},
{
"roman": "te",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"suffix"
],
"word": "て"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨tu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨tu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "棄つ",
"2": "うつ",
"3": "throw away, discard",
"rom": "<utu> → utsu"
},
"expansion": "棄(う)つ (→ utsu, “throw away, discard”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nAccording to one theory, shortened from 棄(う)つ (→ utsu, “throw away, discard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "て",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "turu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "てよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "teyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ざりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "zaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "turedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "てば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "teba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "^([1])Perfect tense of ず.",
"source": "conjugation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "つ • (-tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "2d-t",
"3": "",
"f10": "てば",
"f8": "つれど",
"f9": "つれば",
"f_neg": "ざりつ?Perfect tense of ず.",
"hkc": ""
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates the completion of an action"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"completion",
"completion#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates certainty"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"certainty",
"certainty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates certainty"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"indicates affirmation"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"affirmation",
"affirmation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"shows parallel action"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the form ...tsu ...tsu"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨tu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨tu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "の"
},
"expansion": "の (no)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "な"
},
"expansion": "な (na)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "す"
},
"expansion": "す (su)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "し"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "て"
},
"expansion": "て (te)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "叱",
"tr": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 叱 (-s)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "ㅅ",
"tr": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "春雨",
"pos": "possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\")",
"tr": "harusame"
},
"expansion": "春雨 (harusame, possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\"))",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "新稲",
"pos": "possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\")",
"tr": "nīshine"
},
"expansion": "新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\"))",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "真青",
"pos": "possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\")",
"tr": "masao"
},
"expansion": "真青 (masao, possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\"))",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nThere were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.\nYamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru (\"spring\") + -s- (genitive) + ame (\"rain\")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī (\"new\") + -s- (genitive) + ine (\"rice\")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma (\"true, real\") + -s- (genitive) + ao (\"blue\")).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ga",
"word": "が"
},
{
"english": "no",
"word": "の"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"豊",
"とよ"
],
[
"葦",
"あし"
],
[
"原",
"はらの"
],
[
"中",
"なかつ"
],
[
"国",
"くに"
]
],
"text": "豊葦原中国\nToyoashihara no Nakatsukuni\nToyoashihara no Nakatsukuni"
},
{
"english": "wind blowing from the heavens",
"roman": "ama tsu kaze",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"あま"
],
[
"風",
"かぜ"
]
],
"text": "天つ風"
},
{
"english": "kami of the land",
"roman": "kuni tsu kami",
"ruby": [
[
"国",
"くに"
],
[
"神",
"かみ"
]
],
"text": "国つ神"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive or possessive marker"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese counters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hitotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
]
],
"word": "一つ"
},
{
"roman": "futatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"ふた"
]
],
"word": "二つ"
},
{
"roman": "mitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"みっ"
],
[
"三",
"み"
]
],
"word": "三つ三つ"
},
{
"roman": "yotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"四",
"よっ"
],
[
"四",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "四つ四つ"
},
{
"roman": "itsutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"五",
"いつ"
]
],
"word": "五つ"
},
{
"roman": "mutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"六",
"むっ"
],
[
"六",
"む"
]
],
"word": "六つ六つ"
},
{
"roman": "nanatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"七",
"なな"
]
],
"word": "七つ"
},
{
"roman": "yatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"八",
"やっ"
],
[
"八",
"や"
]
],
"word": "八つ八つ"
},
{
"roman": "kokonotsu",
"ruby": [
[
"九",
"ここの"
]
],
"word": "九つ"
},
{
"roman": "ikutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"幾",
"いく"
]
],
"word": "幾つ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "counter"
},
"expansion": "つ • (-tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "counter",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-chi",
"word": "ち"
},
{
"roman": "hatachi",
"word": "for 二十歳"
},
{
"roman": "misoji",
"word": "みそじ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "個"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"津: harbor, port; ferry"
],
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"harbor",
"harbor"
],
[
"port",
"port"
],
[
"ferry",
"ferry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper"
},
"expansion": "つ • (Tsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"津: a place name"
],
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"津: a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"津",
"津#Japanese"
],
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "つ • (tsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"唾: saliva, spit"
],
"links": [
[
"唾",
"唾#Japanese"
],
[
"saliva",
"saliva"
],
[
"spit",
"spit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese symbols",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "(´･ω･)つ旦"
},
"expansion": "(´･ω･)つ旦",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from kaomoji such as (´･ω･)つ旦, which represents serving tea.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "つ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "ノシ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Representing a hand handing something over."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Representing a hand handing something over."
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "つ"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "syllable",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: te",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: te",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Perfect tense of ず., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^([1])Perfect tense of ず.",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"つ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "つ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.