"は" meaning in Japanese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Interjection

Forms: ha [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-pos|interjection}} は • (ha)
  1. (dated, humble) Used to show agreement or obedience: yes Tags: dated, humble
    Sense id: en-は-ja-intj-1lrSZdRZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Particle

IPA: [ɰᵝa̠] Forms: wa [romanization]
Etymology: /pa/ → /ɸa/ → /wa/ From Old Japanese. Used in the oldest Japanese writings, including the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pa. The particle was excluded from the post-war script reform, rather than changed to わ (wa), which would be more phonetically accurate. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*pa}} Proto-Japonic *pa, {{m|ja|わ|tr=wa}} わ (wa) Head templates: {{ja-pos|particle|rom=wa}} は • (wa)
  1. unique topic marker, often untranslatable
    Sense id: en-は-ja-particle-R7p3b68V Categories (other): Japanese particles Disambiguation of Japanese particles: 36 29 35
  2. what about, where is (used without a predicate to ask for more information about something)
    Sense id: en-は-ja-particle-kv9Ppc2l Categories (other): Japanese particles Disambiguation of Japanese particles: 36 29 35
  3. Inserted between two verbs for emphasis.
    Sense id: en-は-ja-particle-tb5G3-L4 Categories (other): Japanese particles Disambiguation of Japanese particles: 36 29 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: (english: ba, the conditional conjugation ending), では (de wa) (english: then, well then, in that case) Related terms: とは (english: to wa, used to ask for definition), (english: ga, the subject marker), 은 (english: eun, the Korean equivalent)
Etymology number: 2

Syllable

IPA: [ha̠] Forms: ha [romanization]
Etymology: Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style. Etymology templates: {{m|ja|波}} 波, {{ja-kana-mannyogana-etym}} Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style Head templates: {{ja-pos|syllable}} は • (ha)
  1. The hiragana syllable は (ha). Its equivalent in katakana is ハ (ha). It is the twenty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行あ段 (ha-gyō a-dan, “row ha, section a”). Derived forms: (ba), (english: pa)
    Sense id: en-は-ja-syllable-vY4vnD9f Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 8 3 9 8 73 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 10 4 16 8 62 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 11 4 9 12 65 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 11 4 9 12 65 Related terms: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 𛄲, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 𛀆, , , 𛀁, , , , ゚, , , , , , , ゙, , 𛅐, 𛄟, , 𛅑, , 𛅒, , , ゝ, ゞ,
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for は meaning in Japanese (8.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "波"
      },
      "expansion": "波",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style",
      "name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syllable"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (ha)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "syllable",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 3 9 8 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 4 16 8 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 4 9 12 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 4 9 12 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "ba",
          "word": "ば"
        },
        {
          "english": "pa",
          "word": "ぱ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The hiragana syllable は (ha). Its equivalent in katakana is ハ (ha). It is the twenty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行あ段 (ha-gyō a-dan, “row ha, section a”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-は-ja-syllable-vY4vnD9f",
      "links": [
        [
          "は",
          "は#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ハ",
          "ハ#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "gojūon",
          "gojūon"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "行#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "段",
          "段#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "平"
        },
        {
          "word": "仮"
        },
        {
          "word": "名"
        },
        {
          "word": "あ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぁ"
        },
        {
          "word": "い"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぃ"
        },
        {
          "word": "う"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぅ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゔ"
        },
        {
          "word": "え"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぇ"
        },
        {
          "word": "お"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぉ"
        },
        {
          "word": "か"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゕ"
        },
        {
          "word": "が"
        },
        {
          "word": "き"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぎ"
        },
        {
          "word": "く"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぐ"
        },
        {
          "word": "け"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゖ"
        },
        {
          "word": "げ"
        },
        {
          "word": "こ"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛄲"
        },
        {
          "word": "ご"
        },
        {
          "word": "さ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ざ"
        },
        {
          "word": "し"
        },
        {
          "word": "じ"
        },
        {
          "word": "す"
        },
        {
          "word": "ず"
        },
        {
          "word": "せ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぜ"
        },
        {
          "word": "そ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぞ"
        },
        {
          "word": "た"
        },
        {
          "word": "だ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ち"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぢ"
        },
        {
          "word": "つ"
        },
        {
          "word": "っ"
        },
        {
          "word": "づ"
        },
        {
          "word": "て"
        },
        {
          "word": "で"
        },
        {
          "word": "と"
        },
        {
          "word": "ど"
        },
        {
          "word": "な"
        },
        {
          "word": "に"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぬ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ね"
        },
        {
          "word": "の"
        },
        {
          "word": "は"
        },
        {
          "word": "ば"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぱ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ひ"
        },
        {
          "word": "び"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぴ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ふ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぶ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぷ"
        },
        {
          "word": "へ"
        },
        {
          "word": "べ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぺ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ほ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぼ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ぽ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ま"
        },
        {
          "word": "み"
        },
        {
          "word": "む"
        },
        {
          "word": "め"
        },
        {
          "word": "も"
        },
        {
          "word": "や"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゃ"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛀆"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゆ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゅ"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛀁"
        },
        {
          "word": "よ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ょ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ら"
        },
        {
          "word": "゚"
        },
        {
          "word": "り"
        },
        {
          "word": "る"
        },
        {
          "word": "れ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ろ"
        },
        {
          "word": "わ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゎ"
        },
        {
          "word": "゙"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゐ"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛅐"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛄟"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゑ"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛅑"
        },
        {
          "word": "を"
        },
        {
          "word": "𛅒"
        },
        {
          "word": "ん"
        },
        {
          "word": "ー"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゝ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゞ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ゟ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "ba, the conditional conjugation ending",
      "word": "ば"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "then, well then, in that case",
      "roman": "de wa",
      "word": "では"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*pa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *pa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "わ",
        "tr": "wa"
      },
      "expansion": "わ (wa)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /wa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Used in the oldest Japanese writings, including the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pa.\nThe particle was excluded from the post-war script reform, rather than changed to わ (wa), which would be more phonetically accurate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "particle",
        "rom": "wa"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (wa)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "to wa, used to ask for definition",
      "word": "とは"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "ga, the subject marker",
      "word": "が"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "eun, the Korean equivalent",
      "word": "은"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "も"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 29 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This [the topic, about which we are speaking] is a dog.",
          "roman": "Kore wa inu desu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "犬",
              "いぬ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これは犬です。"
        },
        {
          "english": "It seems like it is raining today.",
          "roman": "Kyō wa ame desu ne.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "今日",
              "きょう"
            ],
            [
              "雨",
              "あめ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "今日は雨ですね。"
        },
        {
          "english": "literally, “As for today, rain is falling.”",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "今日",
              "きょう"
            ],
            [
              "雨",
              "あめ"
            ],
            [
              "降",
              "ふ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "今日は雨が降っています。\nKyō wa ame ga futteimasu.\nIt is raining today."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unique topic marker, often untranslatable"
      ],
      "id": "en-は-ja-particle-R7p3b68V",
      "links": [
        [
          "topic",
          "topic#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 29 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Where's Nakada?",
          "roman": "Nakada wa?",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "中",
              "なか"
            ],
            [
              "田",
              "だ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "中田は?"
        },
        {
          "english": "So, what's the meaning?",
          "roman": "Ja, imi wa?",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "意",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "味",
              "み"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "じゃ、意味は?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "what about, where is (used without a predicate to ask for more information about something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-は-ja-particle-kv9Ppc2l",
      "links": [
        [
          "what about",
          "what about"
        ],
        [
          "where",
          "where"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 29 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you not think so?",
          "roman": "Sō omotte wa inai deshō ka.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "そう思ってはいないでしょうか。"
        },
        {
          "english": "does not think that one can win",
          "roman": "kateru to wa omotte wa inai",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "勝",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "勝てるとは思ってはいない"
        },
        {
          "english": "disappeared as soon as it appeared",
          "roman": "arawarete wa kieta",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "現",
              "あらわ"
            ],
            [
              "消",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "現れては消えた"
        },
        {
          "english": "Days without love are days of freedom\nNo one can pester me anymore",
          "ref": "1975, “眠れぬ夜”, 小田和正 (lyrics), performed by オフコース",
          "roman": "dare mo boku o semetari deki wa shinai sa",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "愛",
              "あい"
            ],
            [
              "毎",
              "まい"
            ],
            [
              "日",
              "にち"
            ],
            [
              "自",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "由",
              "ゆう"
            ],
            [
              "毎",
              "まい"
            ],
            [
              "日",
              "にち"
            ],
            [
              "誰",
              "だれ"
            ],
            [
              "僕",
              "ぼく"
            ],
            [
              "責",
              "せ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "愛のない毎日は 自由な毎日\n誰も僕を責めたり できはしないさ\nai no nai mainichi wa jiyū na mainichi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inserted between two verbs for emphasis."
      ],
      "id": "en-は-ja-particle-tb5G3-L4"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɰᵝa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Japanese particles#wa",
    "Japanese script reform",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (ha)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Yes, exactly.",
          "roman": "Ha, sayō de gozaimasu.",
          "text": "は、さようでございます。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yes, as you wish.",
          "roman": "Ha, shōchi itashimashita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "承",
              "しょう"
            ],
            [
              "知",
              "ち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "は、承知いたしました。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to show agreement or obedience: yes"
      ],
      "id": "en-は-ja-intj-1lrSZdRZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "yes",
          "yes"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, humble) Used to show agreement or obedience: yes"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "humble"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "は"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese syllables",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "ba",
      "word": "ば"
    },
    {
      "english": "pa",
      "word": "ぱ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "波"
      },
      "expansion": "波",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style",
      "name": "ja-kana-mannyogana-etym"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 波 in the cursive sōsho style.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syllable"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (ha)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "syllable",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "平"
    },
    {
      "word": "仮"
    },
    {
      "word": "名"
    },
    {
      "word": "あ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぁ"
    },
    {
      "word": "い"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぃ"
    },
    {
      "word": "う"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぅ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゔ"
    },
    {
      "word": "え"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぇ"
    },
    {
      "word": "お"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぉ"
    },
    {
      "word": "か"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゕ"
    },
    {
      "word": "が"
    },
    {
      "word": "き"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぎ"
    },
    {
      "word": "く"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぐ"
    },
    {
      "word": "け"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゖ"
    },
    {
      "word": "げ"
    },
    {
      "word": "こ"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛄲"
    },
    {
      "word": "ご"
    },
    {
      "word": "さ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ざ"
    },
    {
      "word": "し"
    },
    {
      "word": "じ"
    },
    {
      "word": "す"
    },
    {
      "word": "ず"
    },
    {
      "word": "せ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぜ"
    },
    {
      "word": "そ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぞ"
    },
    {
      "word": "た"
    },
    {
      "word": "だ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ち"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぢ"
    },
    {
      "word": "つ"
    },
    {
      "word": "っ"
    },
    {
      "word": "づ"
    },
    {
      "word": "て"
    },
    {
      "word": "で"
    },
    {
      "word": "と"
    },
    {
      "word": "ど"
    },
    {
      "word": "な"
    },
    {
      "word": "に"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぬ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ね"
    },
    {
      "word": "の"
    },
    {
      "word": "は"
    },
    {
      "word": "ば"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぱ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ひ"
    },
    {
      "word": "び"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぴ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ふ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぶ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぷ"
    },
    {
      "word": "へ"
    },
    {
      "word": "べ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぺ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ほ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぼ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ぽ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ま"
    },
    {
      "word": "み"
    },
    {
      "word": "む"
    },
    {
      "word": "め"
    },
    {
      "word": "も"
    },
    {
      "word": "や"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゃ"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛀆"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゆ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゅ"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛀁"
    },
    {
      "word": "よ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ょ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ら"
    },
    {
      "word": "゚"
    },
    {
      "word": "り"
    },
    {
      "word": "る"
    },
    {
      "word": "れ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ろ"
    },
    {
      "word": "わ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゎ"
    },
    {
      "word": "゙"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゐ"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛅐"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛄟"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゑ"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛅑"
    },
    {
      "word": "を"
    },
    {
      "word": "𛅒"
    },
    {
      "word": "ん"
    },
    {
      "word": "ー"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゝ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゞ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ゟ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The hiragana syllable は (ha). Its equivalent in katakana is ハ (ha). It is the twenty-sixth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is は行あ段 (ha-gyō a-dan, “row ha, section a”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "は",
          "は#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ハ",
          "ハ#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "gojūon",
          "gojūon"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "行#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "段",
          "段#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese particles",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "ba, the conditional conjugation ending",
      "word": "ば"
    },
    {
      "english": "then, well then, in that case",
      "roman": "de wa",
      "word": "では"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*pa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *pa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "わ",
        "tr": "wa"
      },
      "expansion": "わ (wa)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /wa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Used in the oldest Japanese writings, including the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pa.\nThe particle was excluded from the post-war script reform, rather than changed to わ (wa), which would be more phonetically accurate.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "particle",
        "rom": "wa"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (wa)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to wa, used to ask for definition",
      "word": "とは"
    },
    {
      "english": "ga, the subject marker",
      "word": "が"
    },
    {
      "english": "eun, the Korean equivalent",
      "word": "은"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "も"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This [the topic, about which we are speaking] is a dog.",
          "roman": "Kore wa inu desu.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "犬",
              "いぬ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "これは犬です。"
        },
        {
          "english": "It seems like it is raining today.",
          "roman": "Kyō wa ame desu ne.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "今日",
              "きょう"
            ],
            [
              "雨",
              "あめ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "今日は雨ですね。"
        },
        {
          "english": "literally, “As for today, rain is falling.”",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "今日",
              "きょう"
            ],
            [
              "雨",
              "あめ"
            ],
            [
              "降",
              "ふ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "今日は雨が降っています。\nKyō wa ame ga futteimasu.\nIt is raining today."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unique topic marker, often untranslatable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "topic",
          "topic#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Where's Nakada?",
          "roman": "Nakada wa?",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "中",
              "なか"
            ],
            [
              "田",
              "だ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "中田は?"
        },
        {
          "english": "So, what's the meaning?",
          "roman": "Ja, imi wa?",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "意",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "味",
              "み"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "じゃ、意味は?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "what about, where is (used without a predicate to ask for more information about something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "what about",
          "what about"
        ],
        [
          "where",
          "where"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do you not think so?",
          "roman": "Sō omotte wa inai deshō ka.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "そう思ってはいないでしょうか。"
        },
        {
          "english": "does not think that one can win",
          "roman": "kateru to wa omotte wa inai",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "勝",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "勝てるとは思ってはいない"
        },
        {
          "english": "disappeared as soon as it appeared",
          "roman": "arawarete wa kieta",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "現",
              "あらわ"
            ],
            [
              "消",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "現れては消えた"
        },
        {
          "english": "Days without love are days of freedom\nNo one can pester me anymore",
          "ref": "1975, “眠れぬ夜”, 小田和正 (lyrics), performed by オフコース",
          "roman": "dare mo boku o semetari deki wa shinai sa",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "愛",
              "あい"
            ],
            [
              "毎",
              "まい"
            ],
            [
              "日",
              "にち"
            ],
            [
              "自",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "由",
              "ゆう"
            ],
            [
              "毎",
              "まい"
            ],
            [
              "日",
              "にち"
            ],
            [
              "誰",
              "だれ"
            ],
            [
              "僕",
              "ぼく"
            ],
            [
              "責",
              "せ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "愛のない毎日は 自由な毎日\n誰も僕を責めたり できはしないさ\nai no nai mainichi wa jiyū na mainichi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inserted between two verbs for emphasis."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ɰᵝa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Japanese particles#wa",
    "Japanese script reform",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese interjections",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "interjection"
      },
      "expansion": "は • (ha)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese dated terms",
        "Japanese humble terms",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Yes, exactly.",
          "roman": "Ha, sayō de gozaimasu.",
          "text": "は、さようでございます。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yes, as you wish.",
          "roman": "Ha, shōchi itashimashita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "承",
              "しょう"
            ],
            [
              "知",
              "ち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "は、承知いたしました。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to show agreement or obedience: yes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "yes",
          "yes"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, humble) Used to show agreement or obedience: yes"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "humble"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "羽",
    "葉",
    "歯",
    "端",
    "刃",
    "翳"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "派",
    "破",
    "覇"
  ],
  "word": "は"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "は"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "syllable",
  "title": "は",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "は"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "particle",
  "title": "は",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "は"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "interjection",
  "title": "は",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.