See 前 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 前 meaning in Japanese (14.8kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "foreplay",
"roman": "zengi",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"戯",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "前戯"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in front"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-character-sxQgeT7h",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-character-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "目",
"3": "方",
"sort": "まえ",
"t1": "eye",
"t2": "direction, -wards",
"tr1": "ma",
"tr2": "pe₁"
},
"expansion": "目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*mapia",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mapia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/mape₁/"
},
"expansion": "/mape₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mapia.\n/mape₁/ → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "mafe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "まへ",
"roman": "mafe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まえ",
"hhira": "まへ"
},
"expansion": "前(まえ) • (mae) ^(←まへ (mafe)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "後ろ"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"進",
"すす"
]
],
"text": "前へ進む\nmae e susumu\nto advance forwards\n(literally, “to advance towards the front”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the front"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-noun-D5ntswoz",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "後"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "前にも言ったように\nmae ni mo itta yō ni\nas I've said before\n(literally, “just as I have said in the past”)"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"Ｍ君",
"Ｍくん"
],
[
"仲間入",
"なかまい"
],
[
"多少",
"たしょう"
],
[
"誘惑",
"ゆうわく"
],
[
"感",
"かん"
],
[
"今日",
"きょう"
],
[
"頑強",
"がんきょう"
],
[
"抵抗",
"ていこう"
],
[
"云",
"い"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "1934, Torahiko Terada, ゴルフ随行記\nずっと前からＭ君にゴルフの仲間入りをすすめられ、多少の誘惑は感じているが、今日までのところでは頑強に抵抗して云う事を聞かないでいる。\nZutto mae kara Ｍkun ni gorufu no nakama iri o susumerare, tashō no yūwaku wa kanji te iru ga, kyō made no tokoro deha gankyō ni teikō shite iu koto o kika nai de iru.\nM has invited me to join his golfing group for long, and I feel attracted to some extent, but I firmly rejected his invitation and remained unconvinced so far."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the past"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-noun-NVLmVre-",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "次"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "previous entries",
"roman": "mae no kiji",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
]
],
"text": "前の記事"
}
],
"glosses": [
"previous"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-noun-baBjNSje",
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠e̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "目",
"3": "方",
"sort": "まえ",
"t1": "eye",
"t2": "direction, -wards",
"tr1": "ma",
"tr2": "pe₁"
},
"expansion": "目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*mapia",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mapia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/mape₁/"
},
"expansion": "/mape₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mapia.\n/mape₁/ → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "前(まえ) • (-mae)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a banquet for six people",
"roman": "rokunin-mae no go-zen",
"ruby": [
[
"六",
"ろく"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"御",
"ご"
],
[
"膳",
"ぜん"
]
],
"text": "六人前の御膳"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a portion, an amount"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-lp8ZiXNw",
"links": [
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three years ago",
"roman": "sannenmae",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"text": "三年前"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "ずっと前からそう思ってた\nzutto mae kara sō omotteta\nI've thought that for ages\n(literally, “I've been thinking that way since forever ago”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ago"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-HY4I~WMm",
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 14 14 0 1 2 1 2 2 1 43 1 0 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 13 13 1 3 4 2 3 2 2 37 2 0 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 14 11 2 5 4 2 3 5 3 33 3 0 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 13 11 1 2 3 2 2 2 4 33 4 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 13 11 1 2 4 2 2 2 4 33 4 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 8 5 4 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 8 5 4 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "near the city hall",
"roman": "Shiyakusho-mae",
"ruby": [
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"役",
"やく"
],
[
"所",
"しょ"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"text": "市役所前"
}
],
"glosses": [
"makes place names that refer to the vicinity of a point of interest"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-0uhV89lY",
"links": [
[
"vicinity",
"vicinity#English"
],
[
"point of interest",
"point of interest#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠e̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "counter",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (-zen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "counter",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 48 2 6 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese counters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-counter-VFb7AYJE",
"links": [
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"desk",
"desk"
],
[
"armrest",
"armrest"
],
[
"serving tray",
"serving tray"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 48 2 6 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese counters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"counter for kami and shrines"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-counter--lg0whdU",
"links": [
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"shrine",
"shrine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "zen-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (zen-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the last, the previous"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-prefix-4iBF0NUm",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pre- (of an era)"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-prefix-R9bBkQ6s",
"links": [
[
"pre-",
"pre-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (-zen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It was truly the violin that he had lost three years ago, that the old man had given to him.",
"ref": "1924, Mimei Ogawa, “海の彼方”, in ある夜の星だち",
"roman": "Masashiku, sannenzen ni nakushita ojīsan no kureta baiorin de arimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"三年",
"さんねん"
],
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"失",
"な"
]
],
"text": "まさしく、三年前に失くしたおじいさんのくれたバイオリンでありました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ago"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-HY4I~WMm1",
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) ago"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Before this war, the forementioned Mr Lloyd George went to the countryside and gave a political speech.",
"ref": "1919, Susukida Kyūkin, “地獄の住人”, in 新茶話",
"roman": "Kondo no sensōzen, kono roido jōji shi ga inaka e itte seiji enzetsu o shiteita koto ga atta.",
"ruby": [
[
"今度",
"こんど"
],
[
"戦争",
"せんそう"
],
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"氏",
"し"
],
[
"田舎",
"いなか"
],
[
"往",
"い"
],
[
"政治演説",
"せいじえんぜつ"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
]
],
"text": "今度の戦争前、このロイド・ジョウジ氏が田舎へ往って政治演説をしていた事があった。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) before"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "御%前",
"2": "ご%ぜ"
},
"expansion": "御(ご)前(ぜ) (goze)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "御%前",
"2": "ご%-ぜん"
},
"expansion": "御(ご)前(ぜん) (go-zen)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜ) (goze), itself a contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜん) (go-zen), an honorific form of address.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ze",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "ぜ"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜ) • (-ze)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(honorable) nun",
"roman": "ama-ze",
"ruby": [
[
"尼",
"あま"
],
[
"前",
"ぜ"
]
],
"text": "尼前"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person"
],
"id": "en-前-ja-suffix-~RkrEGpD",
"links": [
[
"honorific",
"honorific"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ze̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading ぜん",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading まへ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading さき",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading すす-む",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading まえ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading くま",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading さき",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading さと",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading すすむ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading まい",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "foreplay",
"roman": "zengi",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"戯",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "前戯"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in front"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "目",
"3": "方",
"sort": "まえ",
"t1": "eye",
"t2": "direction, -wards",
"tr1": "ma",
"tr2": "pe₁"
},
"expansion": "目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*mapia",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mapia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/mape₁/"
},
"expansion": "/mape₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mapia.\n/mape₁/ → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "mafe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "まへ",
"roman": "mafe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "まえ",
"hhira": "まへ"
},
"expansion": "前(まえ) • (mae) ^(←まへ (mafe)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "後ろ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"進",
"すす"
]
],
"text": "前へ進む\nmae e susumu\nto advance forwards\n(literally, “to advance towards the front”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the front"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "後"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "前にも言ったように\nmae ni mo itta yō ni\nas I've said before\n(literally, “just as I have said in the past”)"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"Ｍ君",
"Ｍくん"
],
[
"仲間入",
"なかまい"
],
[
"多少",
"たしょう"
],
[
"誘惑",
"ゆうわく"
],
[
"感",
"かん"
],
[
"今日",
"きょう"
],
[
"頑強",
"がんきょう"
],
[
"抵抗",
"ていこう"
],
[
"云",
"い"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "1934, Torahiko Terada, ゴルフ随行記\nずっと前からＭ君にゴルフの仲間入りをすすめられ、多少の誘惑は感じているが、今日までのところでは頑強に抵抗して云う事を聞かないでいる。\nZutto mae kara Ｍkun ni gorufu no nakama iri o susumerare, tashō no yūwaku wa kanji te iru ga, kyō made no tokoro deha gankyō ni teikō shite iu koto o kika nai de iru.\nM has invited me to join his golfing group for long, and I feel attracted to some extent, but I firmly rejected his invitation and remained unconvinced so far."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the past"
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "次"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "previous entries",
"roman": "mae no kiji",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
]
],
"text": "前の記事"
}
],
"glosses": [
"previous"
],
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠e̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "目",
"3": "方",
"sort": "まえ",
"t1": "eye",
"t2": "direction, -wards",
"tr1": "ma",
"tr2": "pe₁"
},
"expansion": "目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*mapia",
"sort": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *mapia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "₁",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/mape₁/"
},
"expansion": "/mape₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese as a compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + 方 (pe₁, “direction, -wards”). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mapia.\n/mape₁/ → /maɸe/ → /mawe/ → /maje/ → /mae/",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "まえ"
},
"expansion": "前(まえ) • (-mae)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a banquet for six people",
"roman": "rokunin-mae no go-zen",
"ruby": [
[
"六",
"ろく"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"御",
"ご"
],
[
"膳",
"ぜん"
]
],
"text": "六人前の御膳"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a portion, an amount"
],
"links": [
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three years ago",
"roman": "sannenmae",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"さん"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"text": "三年前"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "ずっと前からそう思ってた\nzutto mae kara sō omotteta\nI've thought that for ages\n(literally, “I've been thinking that way since forever ago”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ago"
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "near the city hall",
"roman": "Shiyakusho-mae",
"ruby": [
[
"市",
"し"
],
[
"役",
"やく"
],
[
"所",
"しょ"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
]
],
"text": "市役所前"
}
],
"glosses": [
"makes place names that refer to the vicinity of a point of interest"
],
"links": [
[
"vicinity",
"vicinity#English"
],
[
"point of interest",
"point of interest#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "まえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma̠e̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"先"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese counters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "counter",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (-zen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "counter",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"counter for irregularly shaped objects such as desks, armrests, and serving trays"
],
"links": [
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"desk",
"desk"
],
[
"armrest",
"armrest"
],
[
"serving tray",
"serving tray"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"counter for kami and shrines"
],
"links": [
[
"counter",
"counter"
],
[
"kami",
"kami"
],
[
"shrine",
"shrine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese counters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "zen-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (zen-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the last, the previous"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pre- (of an era)"
],
"links": [
[
"pre-",
"pre-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese counters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せん'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "前"
},
"expansion": "前 (MC dzen)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "前",
"tr": "qián"
},
"expansion": "前 (qián)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 前 (MC dzen). Compare modern Mandarin 前 (qián).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "ぜん"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜん) • (-zen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It was truly the violin that he had lost three years ago, that the old man had given to him.",
"ref": "1924, Mimei Ogawa, “海の彼方”, in ある夜の星だち",
"roman": "Masashiku, sannenzen ni nakushita ojīsan no kureta baiorin de arimashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"三年",
"さんねん"
],
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"失",
"な"
]
],
"text": "まさしく、三年前に失くしたおじいさんのくれたバイオリンでありました。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ago"
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) ago"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Before this war, the forementioned Mr Lloyd George went to the countryside and gave a political speech.",
"ref": "1919, Susukida Kyūkin, “地獄の住人”, in 新茶話",
"roman": "Kondo no sensōzen, kono roido jōji shi ga inaka e itte seiji enzetsu o shiteita koto ga atta.",
"ruby": [
[
"今度",
"こんど"
],
[
"戦争",
"せんそう"
],
[
"前",
"ぜん"
],
[
"氏",
"し"
],
[
"田舎",
"いなか"
],
[
"往",
"い"
],
[
"政治演説",
"せいじえんぜつ"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
]
],
"text": "今度の戦争前、このロイド・ジョウジ氏が田舎へ往って政治演説をしていた事があった。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) before"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぜん"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡zẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 前",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "御%前",
"2": "ご%ぜ"
},
"expansion": "御(ご)前(ぜ) (goze)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "御%前",
"2": "ご%-ぜん"
},
"expansion": "御(ご)前(ぜん) (go-zen)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜ) (goze), itself a contraction of 御(ご)前(ぜん) (go-zen), an honorific form of address.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "前",
"ruby": [
[
"前",
"ぜ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ze",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "ぜ"
},
"expansion": "前(ぜ) • (-ze)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(honorable) nun",
"roman": "ama-ze",
"ruby": [
[
"尼",
"あま"
],
[
"前",
"ぜ"
]
],
"text": "尼前"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person"
],
"links": [
[
"honorific",
"honorific"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) an honorific suffix added to a noun denoting a person"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ze̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai",
"Tōkyō",
"Ōsaka"
],
"word": "前"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "前",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"前"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "前/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"categories\": [\"Japanese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Japanese lemmas\", \"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Japanese single-kanji terms\", \"Japanese suffixes\", \"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji\", \"Japanese terms spelled with 前\", \"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Japanese terms with multiple readings\", \"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys\", \"Japanese terms written with one Han script character\"], \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"先\"], \"wikipedia\": [\"Kyūjitai\", \"Shinjitai\", \"Tōkyō\", \"Ōsaka\"], \"word\": \"前\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "前",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.