See rub on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rub meaning in All languages combined (62.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chest rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chub rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Dutch rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hand rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heat rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Martindale rub test"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Princeton rub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub and tug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub board"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub-board"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub-boardist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub-off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub of the green"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub-up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "therein lies the rub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rubje",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "German Low German rubben (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubblig",
"t": "rough, uneven"
},
"expansion": "Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "robben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch robben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub smooth; scrape; scrub"
},
"expansion": "rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rubbe",
"t": "to rub, scrub"
},
"expansion": "Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rubba",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "rubba (“to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reave"
},
"expansion": "reave",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną (“to tear”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).\nMore at reave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rub (plural rubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Give that lamp a good rub and see if any genies come out.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of rubbing."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun--H0cZghH",
"links": [
[
"rubbing",
"rubbing"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "triene",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "триене"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkane",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "търкане"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mócā",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "hankaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "friction"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaxuni",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ხახუნი"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trípsimo",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τρίψιμο"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trîpsis",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τρῖψις"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "súrlódás"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "dörzsölés"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "dörzsölődés"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strofinamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fricção"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "šúchanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "trenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frotación"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "frotamiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "frote"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ovma"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ovalama"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 1 2 8 8 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "vılênayış"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
"text": "'My dear Devereux, I say, you mustn't talk in that wild way. You—you talk like a ruined man!'\n'And I so comfortable!'\n'Why, to be sure, Dick, you have had some little rubs, and, maybe, your follies and your vexations; but, hang it, you are young; you can't get experience—at least, so I've found it—without paying for it. […]'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A difficulty or problem."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-oCz7Pk0D",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "hitch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "hiccup"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "catch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "kink"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "glitch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "snag"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrudnenie",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затруднение"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagvózdka",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "загво́здка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A quip or sarcastic remark."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-AYNQrxV9",
"links": [
[
"quip",
"quip"
],
[
"sarcastic",
"sarcastic"
],
[
"remark",
"remark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A quip or sarcastic remark."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 5 29 8 8 5 2 1 2 30 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-965yVe0e",
"links": [
[
"crown green bowls",
"crown green bowls"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a heat rub intended for muscular strains",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-tfbS~YjP"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing.",
"A mixture of spices applied to meat before it is barbecued."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-l7ETK58V",
"links": [
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"barbecue",
"barbecue"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A loan."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-noun-DugqUj2N",
"links": [
[
"loan",
"loan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, naval slang) A loan."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"naval",
"navy",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɐb]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg/En-us-rub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭb"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 46 46 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastiránije",
"sense": "any substance designed to be applied by rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "растира́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 1 4 46 46 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastírka",
"sense": "any substance designed to be applied by rubbing",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "расти́рка"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub along"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubbing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubboard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub elbows"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub it in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub off on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub one off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub one out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub oneself off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub one's face with a brass candlestick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub one's hands"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub one's hands together"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub salt in someone's wounds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub salt in the wound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub shoulders"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub someone's face in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub someone's nose in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub someone the wrong way"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub the fear of God into"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub up against"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub up on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rub up the wrong way"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "two pennies to rub together"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rubje",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "German Low German rubben (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubblig",
"t": "rough, uneven"
},
"expansion": "Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "robben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch robben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub smooth; scrape; scrub"
},
"expansion": "rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rubbe",
"t": "to rub, scrub"
},
"expansion": "Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rubba",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "rubba (“to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reave"
},
"expansion": "reave",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną (“to tear”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).\nMore at reave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rub (third-person singular simple present rubs, present participle rubbing, simple past and past participle rubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "slide"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "abrade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "abrase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "buff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "burnish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "fondle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "frot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "frottage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "grate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "polish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "rub down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "scour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "scrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "shine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "wipe"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "act sexually"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "make clean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "sexually stimulate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I rubbed the cloth over the glass.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The cat rubbed itself against my leg.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I rubbed my hands together for warmth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1680, T. K., The Kitchin-Phyſician; Or, a Guide for Good-Housewives in Maintaining Their Families in Health. […], How to cleanſe the Teeth, and keep them ſound, page 44",
"text": "You ſhould rub your Teeth and whole Mouth and Gums, the Pallate and Tongue, with a clean courſe cloth, rubbing off the ſlime which groweth upon them in the night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-NSP8RJcE",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "shiru-shiru",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ak",
"lang": "Akan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "twiw"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fërkoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥakka",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "حَكَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faraka",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "فَرَكَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "farak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "فرك"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daʕak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "دَعَك"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "farak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "فرك"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "špʻel",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "շփել"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frec"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "ghõha",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ঘঁহা"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "moza",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "মজা"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "maza",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "মাজা"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ovuşdurmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "uqalaw",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "уҡалау"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjérci",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "це́рці"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ghośa",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ঘষা"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tríja",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "три́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "pwat",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ပွတ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "csm",
"english": "one's eyes",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "čijá·k-"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zeot¹",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "捽"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "caat³",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mo⁴",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "róu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "揉"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cèng",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "蹭"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "třít"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "mnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnide"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnugge"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "wrijven"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "froti"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hieroa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hinkata"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "freâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fretar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "refregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaxaxuneba",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "გახახუნება"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaxuni",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ხახუნი"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trívo",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tríbō",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shifshéf",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "שפשף"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ragaṛnā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "रगड़ना"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dörzsöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dörgöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "cuimil"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "strofinare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"alt": "こする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosuru",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦る"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trzéc"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "uqalau",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "уқалау"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "as a cat",
"roman": "prɑniel",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ប្រនៀល"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "with a cloth",
"roman": "cuut",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ជូត"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "as a cat",
"roman": "dɑdoh",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ដដុស"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "with the hands",
"roman": "clii",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ឈ្លី"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bibida",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "비비다"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khat",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ຂັດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "thū",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ຖູ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sī",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ສີ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "treit"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricō"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trinti"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "reiwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trie",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трие"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "għorok"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "orooro"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "mirimiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kyty"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "rudden"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "urex",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "урэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fretar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "trěti",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трѣти"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnīdan"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "pap",
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frega"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlidan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "مالیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trzeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "thupay"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "freca"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sgrattar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poterétʹ",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "friài"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "friare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "slìog"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рибати"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трљати"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ribati"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trljati"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricari"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drgniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trẹ́ti"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trěś"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trěć"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frifi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnida"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnugga"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gno"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "molidan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "молидан"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kàt",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ขัด"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tǔu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ถู"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǐi",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "สี"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kānt-"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sürtmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dokundurmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "térty",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "те́рти"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ragaṛnā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "رگڑنا"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ishqalamoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "thoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "xoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "raybn",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "רײַבן"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "werênen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "vrieve"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 4 9 3 2 0",
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "vruve"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My shoes are beginning to rub.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rubbed against something."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-gg2iFfit",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rubbed against something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "sirusiru",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "sürtdürmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkam",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "търкам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "skrabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaxaxuneba",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "გახახუნება"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "súrol"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "orooro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "mirimiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ocierać"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 0 0 0 1 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "cọ xát"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sürtülmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqılıw",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "ышҡылыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "about shoes",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich abreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich abscheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich ablaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raspado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 97 1 0 1 1 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "cọ xát"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "meat rubbed with spices before barbecuing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spread a substance thinly over; to smear."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-Gt2GveMO",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "xana",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"Central"
],
"word": "সানা"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "xona",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"Eastern"
],
"word": "সনা"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hörtöw",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "һөртөү"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natrivam",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "натривам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "抹"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "smørre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "hieroa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "einreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "pani"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 95 0 3 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wcierać"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 5 29 8 8 5 2 1 2 30 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rub through woods, as huntsmen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or pass with difficulty."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-QlXUXh4D",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) To move or pass with difficulty."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rub up silver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1716, Robert South, Man Created in God's Image",
"text": "The whole business of our redemption is, in short, only to rub over the defaced copy of the creation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-1Fau4qrK",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "pudse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "puunata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "aufpolieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "putzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gharṣati",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "घर्षति"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "kosok"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hinder; to cross; to thwart."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-Q4~geK~7"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bowls (game)",
"orig": "en:Bowls (game)",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To touch the jack with the bowl."
],
"id": "en-rub-en-verb-oCCD65Ch",
"links": [
[
"bowls",
"bowls"
],
[
"jack",
"jack"
],
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
]
],
"qualifier": "bowls",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, bowls) To touch the jack with the bowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɐb]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg/En-us-rub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭb"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "rub"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "naruby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "something which was cut",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "something which was cut"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rǫbati",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, chop"
},
"expansion": "*rǫbati (“to cut, chop”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”), from *rǫbati (“to cut, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rub m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vzhůru nohama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "líc"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "back of the card",
"text": "rub karty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "reverse of the coin",
"text": "rub mince",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back (the reverse side)"
],
"id": "en-rub-cs-noun-3NYmxoPJ",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the other (often negative) aspect of a situation"
],
"id": "en-rub-cs-noun-d0wL-RAW",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrup]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "rup"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubaś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of rubaś"
],
"id": "en-rub-dsb-verb-kq-UpOUN",
"links": [
[
"rubaś",
"rubaś#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rubaj"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rup]"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English rub",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rub",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbyn",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"10": "",
"11": "plural",
"12": "rubbyn",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "rub",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "p",
"f5request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rubbyn",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)",
"name": "gv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rub"
],
"id": "en-rub-gv-noun-q6ognZwj",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English rub",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbey",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbal",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "rubbey",
"5": "or",
"6": "rubbal"
},
"expansion": "rub (verbal noun rubbey or rubbal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub"
],
"id": "en-rub-gv-verb-hi9WHBpS",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rȗb",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ру̑б",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rȗb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rȕbovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "rȗb"
},
"expansion": "rȗb m (Cyrillic spelling ру̑б)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rȗb",
"10": "rubovi",
"11": "rubu",
"12": "rubovima",
"13": "rubom",
"14": "rubovima",
"2": "rȕbovi",
"3": "ruba",
"4": "rubova",
"5": "rubu",
"6": "rubovima",
"7": "rub",
"8": "rubove",
"9": "rube"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rim"
],
"id": "en-rub-sh-noun-FWnsW5MI",
"links": [
[
"rim",
"rim"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge, brink"
],
"id": "en-rub-sh-noun-xVhcN0Ex",
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"brink",
"brink"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rûːb/"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ribbe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ribbe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ribb"
},
"expansion": "Old English ribb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ribi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ribi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ribbe, from Old English ribb, from Proto-West Germanic *ribi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbès",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rubbès"
},
"expansion": "rub (plural rubbès)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rib"
],
"id": "en-rub-yol-noun-s55kdXII",
"links": [
[
"rib",
"rib"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾʊb/"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Czech/up",
"Rhymes:Czech/up/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "naruby"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "something which was cut",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "something which was cut"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rǫbati",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, chop"
},
"expansion": "*rǫbati (“to cut, chop”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“something which was cut”), from *rǫbati (“to cut, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rub m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vzhůru nohama"
},
{
"word": "rubat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "líc"
}
],
"categories": [
"Czech terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "back of the card",
"text": "rub karty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "reverse of the coin",
"text": "rub mince",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back (the reverse side)"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the other (often negative) aspect of a situation"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrup]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "rup"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chest rub"
},
{
"word": "chub rub"
},
{
"word": "Dutch rub"
},
{
"word": "hand rub"
},
{
"word": "heat rub"
},
{
"word": "Martindale rub test"
},
{
"word": "Princeton rub"
},
{
"word": "rub and tug"
},
{
"word": "rub board"
},
{
"word": "rub-board"
},
{
"word": "rub-boardist"
},
{
"word": "rub iron"
},
{
"word": "rub-off"
},
{
"word": "rub of the green"
},
{
"word": "rub-up"
},
{
"word": "therein lies the rub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rubje",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "German Low German rubben (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubblig",
"t": "rough, uneven"
},
"expansion": "Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "robben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch robben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub smooth; scrape; scrub"
},
"expansion": "rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rubbe",
"t": "to rub, scrub"
},
"expansion": "Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rubba",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "rubba (“to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reave"
},
"expansion": "reave",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną (“to tear”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).\nMore at reave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rub (plural rubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Give that lamp a good rub and see if any genies come out.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of rubbing."
],
"links": [
[
"rubbing",
"rubbing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard",
"text": "'My dear Devereux, I say, you mustn't talk in that wild way. You—you talk like a ruined man!'\n'And I so comfortable!'\n'Why, to be sure, Dick, you have had some little rubs, and, maybe, your follies and your vexations; but, hang it, you are young; you can't get experience—at least, so I've found it—without paying for it. […]'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A difficulty or problem."
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A quip or sarcastic remark."
],
"links": [
[
"quip",
"quip"
],
[
"sarcastic",
"sarcastic"
],
[
"remark",
"remark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A quip or sarcastic remark."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course."
],
"links": [
[
"crown green bowls",
"crown green bowls"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a heat rub intended for muscular strains",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"Any substance designed to be applied by rubbing.",
"A mixture of spices applied to meat before it is barbecued."
],
"links": [
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"barbecue",
"barbecue"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A loan."
],
"links": [
[
"loan",
"loan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, naval slang) A loan."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"naval",
"navy",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɐb]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg/En-us-rub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭb"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "hitch"
},
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "hiccup"
},
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "catch"
},
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "kink"
},
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "glitch"
},
{
"sense": "a difficulty or problem",
"word": "snag"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "triene",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "триене"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkane",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "търкане"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mócā",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "hankaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "friction"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaxuni",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ხახუნი"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trípsimo",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τρίψιμο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trîpsis",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τρῖψις"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "súrlódás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "dörzsölés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "dörzsölődés"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strofinamento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fricção"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "šúchanie"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "trenie"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frotación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "frotamiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "frote"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ovma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "ovalama"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "act of rubbing",
"word": "vılênayış"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zatrudnenie",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затруднение"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zagvózdka",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "загво́здка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatrudnénije",
"sense": "difficulty or problem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "затрудне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastiránije",
"sense": "any substance designed to be applied by rubbing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "растира́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastírka",
"sense": "any substance designed to be applied by rubbing",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "расти́рка"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rub along"
},
{
"word": "rubber"
},
{
"word": "rubbing"
},
{
"word": "rubboard"
},
{
"word": "rub down"
},
{
"word": "rub elbows"
},
{
"word": "rub in"
},
{
"word": "rub it in"
},
{
"word": "rub off"
},
{
"word": "rub off on"
},
{
"word": "rub one off"
},
{
"word": "rub one out"
},
{
"word": "rub oneself off"
},
{
"word": "rub one's face with a brass candlestick"
},
{
"word": "rub one's hands"
},
{
"word": "rub one's hands together"
},
{
"word": "rub out"
},
{
"word": "rub salt in someone's wounds"
},
{
"word": "rub salt in the wound"
},
{
"word": "rub shoulders"
},
{
"word": "rub someone's face in"
},
{
"word": "rub someone's nose in"
},
{
"word": "rub someone the wrong way"
},
{
"word": "rub the fear of God into"
},
{
"word": "rub up"
},
{
"word": "rub up against"
},
{
"word": "rub up on"
},
{
"word": "rub up the wrong way"
},
{
"word": "two pennies to rub together"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubben"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English rubben",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rubbōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rubbōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*reufaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "*reufaną (“to tear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rubje",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "German Low German rubben (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rubblig",
"t": "rough, uneven"
},
"expansion": "Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "robben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch robben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rubben",
"t": "to rub smooth; scrape; scrub"
},
"expansion": "rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rubbe",
"t": "to rub, scrub"
},
"expansion": "Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rubba",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "rubba (“to scrape”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reave"
},
"expansion": "reave",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną (“to tear”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”).\nMore at reave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rub (third-person singular simple present rubs, present participle rubbing, simple past and past participle rubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "slide"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "abrade"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "abrase"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "buff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "burnish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "fondle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "frot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "frottage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "grate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "polish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "rub down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "scour"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "scrub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "shine"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "wipe"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "act sexually"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "make clean"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "sexually stimulate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I rubbed the cloth over the glass.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The cat rubbed itself against my leg.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I rubbed my hands together for warmth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1680, T. K., The Kitchin-Phyſician; Or, a Guide for Good-Housewives in Maintaining Their Families in Health. […], How to cleanſe the Teeth, and keep them ſound, page 44",
"text": "You ſhould rub your Teeth and whole Mouth and Gums, the Pallate and Tongue, with a clean courſe cloth, rubbing off the ſlime which groweth upon them in the night.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My shoes are beginning to rub.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rubbed against something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rubbed against something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "meat rubbed with spices before barbecuing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spread a substance thinly over; to smear."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spread a substance thinly over; to smear."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rub through woods, as huntsmen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or pass with difficulty."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) To move or pass with difficulty."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to rub up silver",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1716, Robert South, Man Created in God's Image",
"text": "The whole business of our redemption is, in short, only to rub over the defaced copy of the creation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To hinder; to cross; to thwart."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Bowls (game)"
],
"glosses": [
"To touch the jack with the bowl."
],
"links": [
[
"bowls",
"bowls"
],
[
"jack",
"jack"
],
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
]
],
"qualifier": "bowls",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, bowls) To touch the jack with the bowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹɐb]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg/En-us-rub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-rub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭb"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:rub",
"word": "rub"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "shiru-shiru",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"code": "ak",
"lang": "Akan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "twiw"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fërkoj"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥakka",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "حَكَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faraka",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "فَرَكَ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "farak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "فرك"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daʕak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "دَعَك"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "farak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "فرك"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "špʻel",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "շփել"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frec"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "ghõha",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ঘঁহা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "moza",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "মজা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "maza",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "মাজা"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ovuşdurmaq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "uqalaw",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "уҡалау"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjérci",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "це́рці"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ghośa",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ঘষা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tríja",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "три́я"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "pwat",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ပွတ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"code": "csm",
"english": "one's eyes",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "čijá·k-"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zeot¹",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "捽"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "caat³",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mo⁴",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "róu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "揉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cèng",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "蹭"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "třít"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "mnout"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnide"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnugge"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "wrijven"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "froti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hieroa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hinkata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "freâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fretar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "refregar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaxaxuneba",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "გახახუნება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaxuni",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ხახუნი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trívo",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tríbō",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shifshéf",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "שפשף"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ragaṛnā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "रगड़ना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dörzsöl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dörgöl"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "cuimil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "strofinare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregare"
},
{
"alt": "こする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosuru",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "擦る"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trzéc"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "uqalau",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "уқалау"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "as a cat",
"roman": "prɑniel",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ប្រនៀល"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "with a cloth",
"roman": "cuut",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ជូត"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "as a cat",
"roman": "dɑdoh",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ដដុស"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"note": "with the hands",
"roman": "clii",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ឈ្លី"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bibida",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "비비다"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khat",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ຂັດ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "thū",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ຖູ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sī",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ສີ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "treit"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trīt"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "trinti"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "reiwen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trie",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трие"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "għorok"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "orooro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "mirimiri"
},
{
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kyty"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "rudden"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "urex",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "урэх"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fregar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fretar"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "trěti",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трѣти"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnīdan"
},
{
"code": "pap",
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frega"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâlidan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "مالیدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trzeć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "esfregar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "thupay"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "freca"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sgrattar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poterétʹ",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потере́ть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "friài"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "friare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frigare"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "slìog"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рибати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "трљати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ribati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trljati"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "fricari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trieť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drgniti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trẹ́ti"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trěś"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trěć"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "frifi"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnida"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gnugga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "gno"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "molidan",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "молидан"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kàt",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ขัด"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tǔu",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ถู"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǐi",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "สี"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "kānt-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sürtmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "dokundurmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "térty",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "те́рти"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ragaṛnā",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "رگڑنا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "ishqalamoq"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "thoa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "xoa"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "raybn",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "רײַבן"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "werênen"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "sawen"
},
{
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "vrieve"
},
{
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"sense": "to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area",
"word": "vruve"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "sirusiru",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "sürtdürmək"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkam",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "търкам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "skrabe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaxaxuneba",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "გახახუნება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "súrol"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "orooro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "mirimiri"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ocierać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "frotar"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to rub something against (a second thing)",
"word": "cọ xát"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sürtülmək"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqılıw",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "ышҡылыу"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "about shoes",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich abreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich abscheuern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "sich ablaufen"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raspado"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "kosok"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to be rubbed against something",
"word": "cọ xát"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "xana",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"Central"
],
"word": "সানা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "xona",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"Eastern"
],
"word": "সনা"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hörtöw",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "һөртөү"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natrivam",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "натривам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "抹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cā",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "smørre"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "hieroa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "einreiben"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "pani"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to spread a substance thinly over; to smear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wcierać"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ışqıw",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "ышҡыу"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "pudse"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polere"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "puunata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "frotter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "polieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "aufpolieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "putzen"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "gosok"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "rubben"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gharṣati",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "घर्षति"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "to scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse",
"word": "kosok"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Lower Sorbian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubaś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of rubaś"
],
"links": [
[
"rubaś",
"rubaś#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[rup]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rubaj"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx lemmas",
"Manx masculine nouns",
"Manx nouns",
"Manx terms borrowed from English",
"Manx terms derived from English",
"Manx verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English rub",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rub",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbyn",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"10": "",
"11": "plural",
"12": "rubbyn",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "rub",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "p",
"f5request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rubbyn",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "rub m (genitive singular rub, plural rubbyn)",
"name": "gv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rub"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx lemmas",
"Manx masculine nouns",
"Manx nouns",
"Manx terms borrowed from English",
"Manx terms derived from English",
"Manx verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "en",
"3": "rub"
},
"expansion": "English rub",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbey",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbal",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "rubbey",
"5": "or",
"6": "rubbal"
},
"expansion": "rub (verbal noun rubbey or rubbal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to rub"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*rǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rȗb",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ру̑б",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rȗb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rȕbovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "rȗb"
},
"expansion": "rȗb m (Cyrillic spelling ру̑б)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rȗb",
"10": "rubovi",
"11": "rubu",
"12": "rubovima",
"13": "rubom",
"14": "rubovima",
"2": "rȕbovi",
"3": "ruba",
"4": "rubova",
"5": "rubu",
"6": "rubovima",
"7": "rub",
"8": "rubove",
"9": "rube"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rim"
],
"links": [
[
"rim",
"rim"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge, brink"
],
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"brink",
"brink"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rûːb/"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ribbe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ribbe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ribb"
},
"expansion": "Old English ribb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ribi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ribi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ribbe, from Old English ribb, from Proto-West Germanic *ribi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbès",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rubbès"
},
"expansion": "rub (plural rubbès)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola nouns",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old English",
"Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms inherited from Old English",
"Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"rib"
],
"links": [
[
"rib",
"rib"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾʊb/"
}
],
"word": "rub"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Danish: gnide (1,2); skave (3)",
"path": [
"rub"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "rub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Swedish: gnida (sv), stryka (sv) (1), gnugga (sv) (2), skava (sv) (3)",
"path": [
"rub"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "rub",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.