See rubbing on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubbinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubbinge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "rub + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rubbinge, rubbynge, equivalent to rub + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubbing (plural rubbings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1951 April, R. S. McNaught, “Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 271:",
"text": "He was delighted to come across a little-worn crest of the old Great Eastern Railway, never dreaming that such a relic would still be in use, and was taking a pencil-rubbing to add to his collection.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An impression of an embossed or incised surface made by placing a piece of paper over it and rubbing with graphite, crayon or other coloring agent."
],
"id": "en-rubbing-en-noun-8tzdvd2t",
"links": [
[
"impression",
"impression"
],
[
"embossed",
"embossed"
],
[
"incised",
"incised"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印圖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàyìntú",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印图"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàpiàn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓片"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàběn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓本"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàyìn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afwrijfsel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "hankauspiirros"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "takuhon",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓本"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌbɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubbing.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg/En-us-rubbing.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbɪŋ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rubbing"
],
"word": "rubbing"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "rub + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rub + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rubbing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "beach rubbing"
},
{
"word": "brass rubbing"
},
{
"word": "rubbing alcohol"
},
{
"word": "rubbing machine"
},
{
"word": "rubbing off"
},
{
"word": "rubbing oil"
},
{
"word": "rubbing post"
},
{
"word": "rubbing stone"
},
{
"word": "rubbing strip"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rub"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of rub"
],
"id": "en-rubbing-en-verb-r388vFXL",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌbɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubbing.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg/En-us-rubbing.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbɪŋ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rubbing"
],
"word": "rubbing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rubbinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rubbinge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "rub + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rubbinge, rubbynge, equivalent to rub + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubbings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubbing (plural rubbings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1951 April, R. S. McNaught, “Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 271:",
"text": "He was delighted to come across a little-worn crest of the old Great Eastern Railway, never dreaming that such a relic would still be in use, and was taking a pencil-rubbing to add to his collection.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An impression of an embossed or incised surface made by placing a piece of paper over it and rubbing with graphite, crayon or other coloring agent."
],
"links": [
[
"impression",
"impression"
],
[
"embossed",
"embossed"
],
[
"incised",
"incised"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌbɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubbing.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg/En-us-rubbing.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbɪŋ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印圖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàyìntú",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印图"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàpiàn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓片"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàběn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓本"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàyìn",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓印"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afwrijfsel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "hankauspiirros"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "takuhon",
"sense": "impression of an embossed or incised surface",
"word": "拓本"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rubbing"
],
"word": "rubbing"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌbɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beach rubbing"
},
{
"word": "brass rubbing"
},
{
"word": "rubbing alcohol"
},
{
"word": "rubbing machine"
},
{
"word": "rubbing off"
},
{
"word": "rubbing oil"
},
{
"word": "rubbing post"
},
{
"word": "rubbing stone"
},
{
"word": "rubbing strip"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rub",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "rub + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rub + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rubbing",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rub"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of rub"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌbɪŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rubbing.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg/En-us-rubbing.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-rubbing.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌbɪŋ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rubbing"
],
"word": "rubbing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rubbing meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.