See chafe on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacio",
"4": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chafe (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Heat excited by friction."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-noun-CsNGqYdq",
"links": [
[
"Heat",
"heat"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"word": "opgewarmd door wrijving"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wrijvingswarmte"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"word": "chauffer en frictionnant"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Reibungswärme"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "surriscaldamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "assadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 13 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calor friccional"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Injury or wear caused by friction."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-noun-6JiY~BOQ",
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ožulvane",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ожулване"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivane",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "протриване"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coïssor"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mócā",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "磨損"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mósún",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "磨损"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podráždění (třením)"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gnavesår"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "schaafwonde"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "pijnlijke ruwe plek"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "hiertymä"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "hankauma"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inflammation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasion"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasión"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esfoladura"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schürfwunde"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verschleiß"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abnutzung"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "horzsolás"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "núningssár"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasione"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoriazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"alt": "まさつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "masatsu",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"alt": "さっかしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sakkashō",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦過傷"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odparzenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zatarcie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "otarcie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esfolamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rosătură"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssádina",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сса́дина"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potjórtostʹ",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потёртость"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruichealachd"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escocimiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "irritación"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocedura"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escocedura"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escozor"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bife"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skavsår"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skav"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Like a wylde Bull, that, being at a bay, / Is bayted of a mastiffe and a hound / […] That in his chauffe he digs the trampled ground / And threats his horns […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vexation; irritation of mind; rage."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-noun-XsorO2P3",
"links": [
[
"Vexation",
"vexation"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdraznenie",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздразнение"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ràbia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "ergernis"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "woede"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "ärsytys"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "énervement"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colère"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ärger"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verdruss"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belästigung"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wut"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Qual"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beunruhigung"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "irritazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collera"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stizza"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rabbia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nervosismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enervare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdražénije",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздраже́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dosáda",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "доса́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedovólʹstvo",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "недово́льство"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 95 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solivianto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, The Adventures Of A Revolutionary Soldier:",
"text": "When we returned we found the poor prisoner in a terrible chafe with the sentinel for detaining him, for the guard had been true to his trust.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of opinionated conflict."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-noun-aQyXn0Lr",
"links": [
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"opinionated",
"opinionated"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) An expression of opinionated conflict."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "argument"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeɪf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chafe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg/En-us-chafe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪf"
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "antichafe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafe at the bit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafeweed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafing dish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafing gear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacio",
"4": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chafes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chafing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chafed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chafed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chafe (third-person singular simple present chafes, present participle chafing, simple past and past participle chafed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-EwkDm6ud",
"links": [
[
"excite",
"excite"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-sdoJO24D",
"links": [
[
"passion",
"passion"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podráždit"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dráždit"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "stimulere"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "opildne"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "provokere"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "zich ergeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "zich opwinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "ärsyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "alporizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enervar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabechar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "ärgern"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "nervös machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "reizen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "verärgern"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "aufregen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "verdrießen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "erregen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "erzürnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "anecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "arrapare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "stimolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "attizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "hotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "chaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dręczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drażnić"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enraivecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "draznítʹ",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дразни́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "soliviantar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabietar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 77 1 2 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "escocer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to chafe a cable",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fret and wear by rubbing."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-8-LoYXIT",
"links": [
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To fret and wear by rubbing."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivam",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "протривам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozedřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "slide"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "afslijten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "verschleißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abnutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "scheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "hikahika"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "mōhanihani"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xölröx",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "хөлрөх"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odparzyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odparzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "friccionar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natirátʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naterétʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "натере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istiratʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "истирать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"Panama"
],
"word": "caldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 61 15 9 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "escocer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 20 2 10 7 4 3 43 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 4 5 5 5 5 51 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 2 3 2 2 2 16 2 2 30 26 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 8 10 6 5 6 36 5 7",
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"name": "Terms with Ainu translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 12 8 10 6 5 6 36 5 7",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "the troubled Tiber chafing with her shores",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855 November 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Peace-pipe”, in The Song of Hiawatha, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "[Gitche Manito] Breathed upon the neighbouring forest, / Made its great boughs chafe together, / Till in flame they burst and kindled; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-Otxi87hq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "shiru-shiru",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trija",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "трия"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkam",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "търкам"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "slide"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "scheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "mōhanihani"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "hikahika"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xölröx",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "хөлрөх"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wycierać"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przecierać"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "atritar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹsja",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "тере́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "erosionarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 8 78 5 1",
"code": "es",
"english": "se",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "escocer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A cable chafes.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be worn by rubbing."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-crUQnXyn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be worn by rubbing."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "yeyilmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivam se",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "протривам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pelar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dřít se"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozedřít se"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "opslide"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "verslijten"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "hankautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "gastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "luír"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "verschleißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "durchscheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "durchreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pahore"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protirátʹsja",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "протира́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proterétʹsja",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "протере́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 12 13 71 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastarse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:",
"text": "He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Jim Schiller, Developing Jepara in New Order Indonesia, page 58:",
"text": "Many local politicians chafed under the restrictions of Guided Democracy[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated."
],
"id": "en-chafe-en-verb-aG5Px7gf",
"links": [
[
"vexation",
"vexation"
],
[
"vexed",
"vexed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja se",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "дразня се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "goreštja se",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "горещя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "coure"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irriteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "vervelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "ärsyyntyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irriter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "vexer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "verärgern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "bekümmern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "aufregen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "beunruhigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "hotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być rozdrażnionym"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorjačítʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "горячи́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlítʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зли́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdražátʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздража́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 23 8 2 1 65",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritarse"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeɪf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chafe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg/En-us-chafe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪf"
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chafe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaufen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 2 3 2 2 2 16 2 2 30 26 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chaufen"
],
"id": "en-chafe-enm-verb-2qTyt1XK",
"links": [
[
"chaufen",
"chaufen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chafe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 8 2 3 2 2 2 16 2 2 30 26 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 1 2 2 1 2 20 2 2 25 32 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chafar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of chafar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-chafe-es-verb-1kobTNte",
"links": [
[
"chafar",
"chafar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chafar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of chafar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-chafe-es-verb-mS-n6Zyo",
"links": [
[
"chafar",
"chafar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪf",
"Rhymes:English/eɪf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chafen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacio",
"4": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chafe (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Heat excited by friction."
],
"links": [
[
"Heat",
"heat"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Injury or wear caused by friction."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Like a wylde Bull, that, being at a bay, / Is bayted of a mastiffe and a hound / […] That in his chauffe he digs the trampled ground / And threats his horns […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vexation; irritation of mind; rage."
],
"links": [
[
"Vexation",
"vexation"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, The Adventures Of A Revolutionary Soldier:",
"text": "When we returned we found the poor prisoner in a terrible chafe with the sentinel for detaining him, for the guard had been true to his trust.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of opinionated conflict."
],
"links": [
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"opinionated",
"opinionated"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) An expression of opinionated conflict."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "argument"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeɪf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chafe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg/En-us-chafe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"word": "opgewarmd door wrijving"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wrijvingswarmte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"word": "chauffer en frictionnant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Reibungswärme"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "surriscaldamento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "assadura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "heat excited by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calor friccional"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ožulvane",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ожулване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivane",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "протриване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coïssor"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mócā",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "磨損"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mósún",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "磨损"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podráždění (třením)"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gnavesår"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "schaafwonde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "pijnlijke ruwe plek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "hiertymä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "hankauma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inflammation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasion"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasión"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esfoladura"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schürfwunde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verschleiß"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abnutzung"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "horzsolás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "núningssár"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abrasione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoriazione"
},
{
"alt": "まさつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "masatsu",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "摩擦"
},
{
"alt": "さっかしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sakkashō",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "擦過傷"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "odparzenie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zatarcie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"word": "otarcie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esfolamento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgaste"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rosătură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssádina",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сса́дина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potjórtostʹ",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потёртость"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruichealachd"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escocimiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "irritación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocedura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozadura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escocedura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escozor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bife"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skavsår"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "injury or wear caused by friction",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skav"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdraznenie",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздразнение"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ràbia"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "ergernis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "woede"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"word": "ärsytys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "énervement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colère"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ärger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verdruss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belästigung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Qual"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beunruhigung"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "irritazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "collera"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stizza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rabbia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nervosismo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raiva"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enervare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdražénije",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "раздраже́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dosáda",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "доса́да"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedovólʹstvo",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "недово́льство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vexation; irritation of mind; rage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "solivianto"
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪf",
"Rhymes:English/eɪf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antichafe"
},
{
"word": "chafage"
},
{
"word": "chafe at the bit"
},
{
"word": "chafer"
},
{
"word": "chafesome"
},
{
"word": "chafeweed"
},
{
"word": "chafing dish"
},
{
"word": "chafing gear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaufen",
"4": "",
"5": "to warm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaufen (“to warm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacio",
"4": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chafes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chafing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chafed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chafed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chafe (third-person singular simple present chafes, present participle chafing, simple past and past participle chafed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm."
],
"links": [
[
"excite",
"excite"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"stimulate",
"stimulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate."
],
"links": [
[
"passion",
"passion"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to chafe a cable",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fret and wear by rubbing."
],
"links": [
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To fret and wear by rubbing."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "the troubled Tiber chafing with her shores",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855 November 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Peace-pipe”, in The Song of Hiawatha, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "[Gitche Manito] Breathed upon the neighbouring forest, / Made its great boughs chafe together, / Till in flame they burst and kindled; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A cable chafes.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be worn by rubbing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be worn by rubbing."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:",
"text": "He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Jim Schiller, Developing Jepara in New Order Indonesia, page 58:",
"text": "Many local politicians chafed under the restrictions of Guided Democracy[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated."
],
"links": [
[
"vexation",
"vexation"
],
[
"vexed",
"vexed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeɪf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chafe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg/En-us-chafe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/En-us-chafe.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podráždit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dráždit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "stimulere"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "opildne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "provokere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "zich ergeren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "zich opwinden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "ärsyttää"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "alporizar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enervar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabiar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabechar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "ärgern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "nervös machen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "reizen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "verärgern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "aufregen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "verdrießen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "erregen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "erzürnen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "anecken"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "arrapare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "stimolare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "attizzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "hotu"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "chaufen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dręczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drażnić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enraivecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "draznítʹ",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дразни́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "irritar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "soliviantar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "enrabietar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to excite passion or anger in",
"word": "escocer"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivam",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "протривам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dřít"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozedřít"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "slide"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "afslijten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "verschleißen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abnutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "scheuern"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "hikahika"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "mōhanihani"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xölröx",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "хөлрөх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odparzyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odparzać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "friccionar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natirátʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naterétʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "натере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istiratʹ",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "истирать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"tags": [
"Panama"
],
"word": "caldar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to fret and wear by rubbing",
"word": "escocer"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "shiru-shiru",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "シルシル"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trija",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "трия"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎrkam",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "търкам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "slide"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "hangata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "scheuern"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "mōhanihani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "hikahika"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xölröx",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "хөлрөх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wycierać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przecierać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "atritar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹsja",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "тере́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "erosionarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "se",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction",
"word": "escocer"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "yeyilmək"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protrivam se",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "протривам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pelar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "擦熱"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cārè",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "擦热"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dřít se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozedřít se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "opslide"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "verslijten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "hankautua"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "gastar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "luír"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "verschleißen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "durchscheuern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "abreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "durchreiben"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "pahore"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xolgox",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "холгох"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protirátʹsja",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "протира́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proterétʹsja",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "протере́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be worn by rubbing",
"word": "desgastarse"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja se",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "дразня се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "goreštja se",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "горещя се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "coure"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irriteren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "vervelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "ärsyyntyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irriter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "vexer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "verärgern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "bekümmern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "aufregen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "beunruhigen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "hotu"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być rozdrażnionym"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritar-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gorjačítʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "горячи́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlítʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зли́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razdražátʹsja",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздража́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated",
"word": "irritarse"
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chafe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaufen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chaufen"
],
"links": [
[
"chaufen",
"chaufen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chafe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chafar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of chafar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"chafar",
"chafar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chafar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of chafar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"chafar",
"chafar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "chafe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chafe meaning in All languages combined (36.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.