See chaufen on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chafe"
},
"expansion": "English: chafe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chafe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chaff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chaff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chaufer, from Latin calefacere, calfacere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chaufen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chauf",
"2": ""
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "achaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaufour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "enchaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eschaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overchaufen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To warm or heat:",
"To become hot or inflamed."
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-dyOa18Es",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"hot",
"hot"
],
[
"inflamed",
"inflamed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To warm or heat:",
"To chafe (rub to make warm)"
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-w-SrIWlF",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"chafe",
"chafe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 8 47 6 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 58 7 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 65 6 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 57 0 30 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rub as to magnetise."
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-g9r7GdKE",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"magnetise",
"magnetise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To emotionally inflame."
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-8I36znG1",
"links": [
[
"inflame",
"inflame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To emotionally inflame."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To scold."
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-JKQYBADy",
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To scold."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To decompose."
],
"id": "en-chaufen-enm-verb-aySJML1S",
"links": [
[
"decompose",
"decompose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To decompose."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯fən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːfən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaufe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chauffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chawfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chawffe"
}
],
"word": "chaufen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Temperature"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chafe"
},
"expansion": "English: chafe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chafe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chaff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chaff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chaufer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "calefacere"
},
"expansion": "Latin calefacere",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chaufer, from Latin calefacere, calfacere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychaufed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chaufen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chauf",
"2": ""
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "achaufen"
},
{
"word": "chaufour"
},
{
"word": "enchaufen"
},
{
"word": "eschaufen"
},
{
"word": "overchaufen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To warm or heat:",
"To become hot or inflamed."
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"hot",
"hot"
],
[
"inflamed",
"inflamed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To warm or heat:",
"To chafe (rub to make warm)"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"chafe",
"chafe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rub as to magnetise."
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"magnetise",
"magnetise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To emotionally inflame."
],
"links": [
[
"inflame",
"inflame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To emotionally inflame."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To scold."
],
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To scold."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To decompose."
],
"links": [
[
"decompose",
"decompose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To decompose."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯fən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːfən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"word": "chafen"
},
{
"word": "chaufe"
},
{
"word": "chauffe"
},
{
"word": "chawfe"
},
{
"word": "chawffe"
}
],
"word": "chaufen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaufen meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.