See abrade on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for abrade meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abradable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abradant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abrader"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abradingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "microabrade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reabrade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unabraded"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abrādō",
"4": "",
"5": "scrape off"
},
"expansion": "Latin abrādō (“scrape off”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab",
"3": "",
"4": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rādō",
"3": "",
"4": "scrape"
},
"expansion": "rādō (“scrape”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abrading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abrade (third-person singular simple present abrades, present participle abrading, simple past and past participle abraded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 September 15, “NASA’s Perseverance Rover Investigates Geologically Rich Mars Terrain”, in Sean Potter, editor, NASA.gov, archived from the original on 2022-09-15",
"text": "“Wildcat Ridge” is the name given to a rock about 3 feet (1 meter) wide that likely formed billions of years ago as mud and fine sand settled in an evaporating saltwater lake. On July 20, the rover abraded some of the surface of Wildcat Ridge so it could analyze the area with the instrument called Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals, or SHERLOC.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rub or wear off; erode."
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-~2NAqY4e",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub off"
],
[
"wear off",
"wear off"
],
[
"erode",
"erode"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To rub or wear off; erode."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kašaṭa",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "كَشَطَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qašaṭa",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "قَشَطَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kašaṭ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "كَشَط"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gašaṭ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "قَشَط"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎrkvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "изтърквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztrivam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "изтривам"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznosvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "износвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ožulvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "ожулвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"alt": "кожа",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "протривам"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "obrousit"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "odřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "afskrabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "afschuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "uitschuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abraser"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abschleifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abschürfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "heertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abrādō"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauhoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauoroi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "okoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "by water action in streams",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "weku"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "skure"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "slipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "avskrape"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "skure"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "slipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "abradować"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abraza"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "истира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "истере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "стира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "стере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "протира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "протере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "escoriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "raspar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 15 6 5 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "nöta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 29 7 13 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 47 8 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wear down or exhaust, as a person; irritate."
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-Dke90W89",
"links": [
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wear down or exhaust, as a person; irritate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 70 3 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznosvam",
"sense": "to wear down",
"word": "износвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 70 3 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wear down",
"word": "afmatten uitputten"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To irritate by rubbing; chafe."
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-NEBZ5vcJ",
"links": [
[
"chafe",
"chafe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To irritate by rubbing; chafe."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cause the surface to become more rough."
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-nfCL5lIk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause the surface to become more rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To undergo abrasion."
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-ZNO7vQUL",
"links": [
[
"abrasion",
"abrasion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To undergo abrasion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perseverance (rover)"
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abraiden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abraiden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abraid"
},
"expansion": "abraid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abraiden. See abraid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abrading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abrade (third-person singular simple present abrades, present participle abrading, simple past and past participle abraded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abraid"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of abraid"
],
"id": "en-abrade-en-verb-LbLoIVf-",
"links": [
[
"abraid",
"abraid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) Obsolete spelling of abraid"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perseverance (rover)"
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "abrade",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧brà‧de"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abradere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative of abradere"
],
"id": "en-abrade-it-verb-axqULqTI",
"links": [
[
"abradere",
"abradere#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈbra.de/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ade"
}
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrāde",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "abrāde"
},
"expansion": "abrāde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abrādō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of abrādō"
],
"id": "en-abrade-la-verb--TB5NzUu",
"links": [
[
"abrādō",
"abrado#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abradable"
},
{
"word": "abradant"
},
{
"word": "abrader"
},
{
"word": "abradingly"
},
{
"word": "microabrade"
},
{
"word": "reabrade"
},
{
"word": "unabraded"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abrādō",
"4": "",
"5": "scrape off"
},
"expansion": "Latin abrādō (“scrape off”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab",
"3": "",
"4": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rādō",
"3": "",
"4": "scrape"
},
"expansion": "rādō (“scrape”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abrading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abrade (third-person singular simple present abrades, present participle abrading, simple past and past participle abraded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 September 15, “NASA’s Perseverance Rover Investigates Geologically Rich Mars Terrain”, in Sean Potter, editor, NASA.gov, archived from the original on 2022-09-15",
"text": "“Wildcat Ridge” is the name given to a rock about 3 feet (1 meter) wide that likely formed billions of years ago as mud and fine sand settled in an evaporating saltwater lake. On July 20, the rover abraded some of the surface of Wildcat Ridge so it could analyze the area with the instrument called Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals, or SHERLOC.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rub or wear off; erode."
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub off"
],
[
"wear off",
"wear off"
],
[
"erode",
"erode"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To rub or wear off; erode."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wear down or exhaust, as a person; irritate."
],
"links": [
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wear down or exhaust, as a person; irritate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To irritate by rubbing; chafe."
],
"links": [
[
"chafe",
"chafe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To irritate by rubbing; chafe."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause the surface to become more rough."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause the surface to become more rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo abrasion."
],
"links": [
[
"abrasion",
"abrasion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To undergo abrasion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kašaṭa",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "كَشَطَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qašaṭa",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "قَشَطَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kašaṭ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "كَشَط"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gašaṭ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "قَشَط"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎrkvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "изтърквам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztrivam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "изтривам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznosvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "износвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ožulvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "ожулвам"
},
{
"alt": "кожа",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "протривам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "obrousit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "odřít"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "afskrabe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "afschuren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "uitschuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abraser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abschleifen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abschürfen"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "heertää"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abrādō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauhoro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauoro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "kauoroi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "okoi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "pākanikani"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "by water action in streams",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "weku"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "skure"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "slipe"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "avskrape"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "skure"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "slipe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "abradować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "desgastar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "abraza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "истира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "истере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "стира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "стере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protirátʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "протира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proterétʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "протере́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "escoriar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "raspar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction",
"word": "nöta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iznosvam",
"sense": "to wear down",
"word": "износвам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wear down",
"word": "afmatten uitputten"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perseverance (rover)"
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abraiden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abraiden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abraid"
},
"expansion": "abraid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abraiden. See abraid.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abrading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abraded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abrade (third-person singular simple present abrades, present participle abrading, simple past and past participle abraded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abraid"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of abraid"
],
"links": [
[
"abraid",
"abraid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) Obsolete spelling of abraid"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abrade.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perseverance (rover)"
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "abrade",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧brà‧de"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/ade",
"Rhymes:Italian/ade/3 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abradere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative of abradere"
],
"links": [
[
"abradere",
"abradere#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈbra.de/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ade"
}
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abrāde",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "abrāde"
},
"expansion": "abrāde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "abrādō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of abrādō"
],
"links": [
[
"abrādō",
"abrado#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "abrade"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": protrivam (koža) vs. кожа",
"path": [
"abrade"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abrade",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.