See dumb on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "undumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a bag of hammers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a box of rocks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a brick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a doorknob"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a doornail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a fish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as an ox"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a post"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a rock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a sack of hammers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as a stump"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as dirt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb as nails"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb like a fox"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a dumb priest never got a parish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beauty fades, dumb is forever"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deaf and dumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb ague"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb barge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbbell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb blond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb bomb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb bunny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb cake"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb cancel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbcane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb chamber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb chill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb cluck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb crambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb Dora"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbfounded"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbfounder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb friend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb fuck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb fucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb genius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb hole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb insolence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb luck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb money"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb muscle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb network"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb peal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbphone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb piano"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb pipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb quotes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbshit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb show"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb spinet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbstruck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb tax"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb TV"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbwaiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb well"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rock-dumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strike dumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dumb",
"t": "silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb",
"t": "silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dull, dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz (“dull, dumb”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, silent"
},
"expansion": "Scots dumb (“dumb, silent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dom (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "German dumm (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum",
"3": "",
"4": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum",
"3": "",
"4": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, mute"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur (“dumb, mute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual”), from Old English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz (“dull, dumb”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).\nThe senses of stupid, unintellectual, and pointless, which are found regularly since the 19th century only, probably developed under the influence of German dumm and Dutch dom. Just like the English word, these originally meant \"lacking the power of speech\", but they developed the mentioned senses early on.\nCognates\nCognate with Scots dumb (“dumb, silent”), North Frisian dom, domme (“dumb, stupid”), West Frisian dom (“dumb, stupid”), Dutch dom (“dumb, stupid”), German dumm (“dumb, stupid”), Danish dum (“stupid”), Swedish dum (“stupid”), Icelandic dumbur (“dumb, mute”). See also deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumber",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "dumb (comparative dumber, superlative dumbest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 1 1 6 16 14 2 10 5 7 13 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His younger brother was born dumb, and communicated with sign language.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "to unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, chapter 2, in Original Stories from Real Life (Children's literature), London: J. Johnson, published 1796, pages 10–11:",
"text": "The country people frequently ſay,—How can you treat a poor dumb beaſt ill; and a ſtreſs is very properly laid on the word dumb; for dumb they appear to thoſe who do not obſerve their looks and geſtures; but God, who takes care of every thing, underſtands their language...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 January 5, “Mighty maiden with a mission”, in W. S. Gilbert (lyrics), Arthur Sullivan (music), Princess Ida, performed by D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, London, page 48:",
"text": "We are dumb and we would talk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992, “Opiate”, performed by Tool:",
"text": "Deaf and blind and dumb and born to follow / What you need is someone strong to guide you",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unable to speak; lacking power of speech (kept in \"deaf, dumb, and blind\")."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-s~-rxJT4",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Unable to speak; lacking power of speech (kept in \"deaf, dumb, and blind\")."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mute"
},
{
"word": "speechless"
},
{
"word": "wordless"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not talkative; taciturn or unwilling to speak."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-VJbvanWn",
"links": [
[
"talkative",
"talkative"
],
[
"taciturn",
"taciturn"
],
[
"unwilling",
"unwilling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Not talkative; taciturn or unwilling to speak."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Democracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker), page 210:",
"text": "Life was never a May-game for men; in all times the lot of the dumb-millions born to toil was defaced with manifold sufferings, injustices, heavy burdens, avoidable and unavoidable; not play at all, but hard work that made the sinews sore, and the heart sore.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having no input or voice in running things."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-7HCEgQEu",
"links": [
[
"input",
"input"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Having no input or voice in running things."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dumb show",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "Since you are tongue-tied and so loath to speak\nIn dumb significants proclaim your thoughts",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 23”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:",
"text": "O let my books be then the eloquence\nAnd dumb presagers of my speaking breast […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1881, John Campbell Shairp, Aspects of Poetry:",
"text": "to pierce into the dumb past",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unaccompanied by words or speech, silent, wordless."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-ur8G58Nv",
"links": [
[
"Unaccompanied",
"unaccompanied"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
],
[
"wordless",
"wordless"
]
],
"qualifier": "actions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, of things, actions, etc.) Unaccompanied by words or speech, silent, wordless."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of things"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 39:",
"text": "[…] Thro’ lands where not a leaf was dumb;\nBut all the lavish hills would hum\nThe murmur of a happy Pan: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not producing any sound, silent."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-3UEBsO3c",
"links": [
[
"producing",
"produce"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Not producing any sound, silent."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "intelligent"
},
{
"word": "smart"
}
],
"categories": [
{
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 2 10 26 14 3 12 5",
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"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 3 2 7 28 18 3 10 6",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 8 1 1 9 33 18 1 11 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 2 2 8 30 18 2 10 5",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 1 1 8 33 19 1 11 4",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 4 3 9 24 15 3 12 5",
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"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 2 2 7 31 18 2 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 1 1 6 55 11 1 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 2 2 7 30 18 2 9 5",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 2 2 8 30 17 2 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 2 2 8 31 18 2 10 5",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 1 1 8 40 17 1 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 2 2 8 34 15 2 10 5",
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"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 2 2 8 30 17 2 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 2 2 8 33 16 2 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 1 1 8 40 17 1 9 4",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 2 2 9 33 15 2 11 5",
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"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 2 2 8 33 16 2 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 1 1 8 31 17 1 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 2 2 8 31 17 2 10 4",
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"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "12 8 2 2 8 32 18 2 11 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 6 1 1 8 40 17 1 9 5",
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"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You are so dumb! You don't even know how to make toast!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stupid."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-4xcxKLE~",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, derogatory, especially of a person) Stupid."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feeble-minded"
},
{
"word": "idiotic"
},
{
"word": "moronic"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"especially",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡabiyy",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "غَبِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡašīm",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "غشيم"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "aḥmaʔ",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "احمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "durny",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "дурны"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎp",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "тъп"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "estúpid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔn",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "蠢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèn",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "笨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "debilní"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "blbý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "åndssvag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stulta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "loll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "typerä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idioottimainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "débile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "niais"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bête"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiotisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chazós",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "χαζός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mōrós",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "μωρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "ostoba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "hülye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dungu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupido"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"alt": "おろかな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "oroka na",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "愚かな"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"alt": "ばかな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "baka na",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "ばかな"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "pekok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "goblog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bê'eqill",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "بێعەقڵ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bêmêjî"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bêaqil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stultus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "blennus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "(barbarism) durnas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "kvailas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "böñ",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "بوك"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kowdan",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "کودن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xeng",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "خنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dabang",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "دبنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "frekjt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "durny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "pustogłowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bezmyślny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiotyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "debilny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "burro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tupój",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "тупо́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glúpyj",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "глу́пый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "durnój",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "дурно́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "ajñāna",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "अज्ञान"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūra",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूर"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūrkha",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूर्ख"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "jala",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "जल"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūḍha",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूढ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "nirbud'dhi",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "निर्बुद्धि"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "tonto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mentecapto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "belegug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "korkad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "aptal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "loigne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "boubiet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "wargnasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 67 27 0 0 6",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "xint"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 1 1 6 16 14 2 10 5 7 13 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This is dumb! We're driving in circles! We should have asked for directions an hour ago!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Brendan had the dumb job of moving boxes from one conveyor belt to another.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pointless, foolish, lacking intellectual content or value."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-tpEGOgVv",
"links": [
[
"Pointless",
"pointless"
],
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Pointless, foolish, lacking intellectual content or value."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banal"
},
{
"word": "brainless"
},
{
"word": "dopey"
},
{
"word": "silly"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
},
{
"word": "ridiculous"
},
{
"word": "vulgar"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "fordummende"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "åndssvag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "stulta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "typerä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "bête stupide"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "sinnlos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dümmlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "stupido"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"alt": "みのない",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mi no nai",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "実のない"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bême'na",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "بێمەعنا"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "supervacuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bessmýslennyj",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "бессмы́сленный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "tonto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mentecapto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "meningslös"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "saçma"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 3 82 1 2 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "boş"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking some functionality or property ordinarily characteristic of its kind."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-mg4d5OT8",
"links": [
[
"functionality",
"functionality"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "smart"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Technology",
"orig": "en:Technology",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not equipped with intelligent behavior or processing capabilities of its own."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-en:technology__nonsmart",
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"equip",
"equip"
],
[
"intelligent",
"intelligent"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"capabilities",
"capability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of technology) Not equipped with intelligent behavior or processing capabilities of its own."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of technology"
],
"senseid": [
"en:technology, nonsmart"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1720, Daniel Defoe, The Life, Adventures and Piracies of the Famous Captain Singleton:",
"text": "Her stern, which was painted of a dumb white or dun color.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking brightness or clearness as a colour; dim, dull."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-FKUXGtBm",
"links": [
[
"brightness",
"brightness"
],
[
"clearness",
"clearness"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"dim",
"dim"
],
[
"dull",
"dull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) Lacking brightness or clearness as a colour; dim, dull."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bedumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb blonde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb-show"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumb terminal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "play dumb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dumben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dumben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumbian"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumbian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verdummen",
"3": "",
"4": "to become dumb"
},
"expansion": "German verdummen (“to become dumb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dumben, from Old English dumbian (more commonly in compound ādumbian (“to become mute or dumb; keep silence; hold one’s peace”)), from Proto-Germanic *dumbijaną, *dumbōną (“to be silent, become dumb”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”). Cognate with German verdummen (“to become dumb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dumb (third-person singular simple present dumbs, present participle dumbing, simple past and past participle dumbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:",
"text": "[…] what I would have spoke\nWas beastly dumbed by him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Lindsay Swift, William Lloyd Garrison, page 272:",
"text": "The paralysis of the Northern conscience, the dumbing of the Northern voice, were coming to an end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To silence."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-verb-UNBF0StI",
"links": [
[
"silence",
"silence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dated) To silence."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Angela Calabrese Barton, Teaching Science for Social Justice, page 124:",
"text": "I think she's dumbing us down, so we won't be smarter than her.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stupid."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-verb-avhOJCv3",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make stupid."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Stephen Oppenheimer, The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa, page 107:",
"text": "Bad-mouthing Neanderthals […] is symptomatic of a need to exclude and even demonize. […] I suggest that the unproven dumbing of the Neanderthals is an example of the same cultural preconception.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To represent as stupid."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-verb-bA36YWnH",
"links": [
[
"represent",
"represent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To represent as stupid."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Deborah Meier, In Schools We Trust: Creating Communities of Learning in an Era of Testing, page 126:",
"text": "The ensuing storm caused the department to lower the bar—amid protests that this was dumbing the test down—so that only 80 percent of urban kids would fail.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the intellectual demands of."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-verb-FieUqZc8",
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce the intellectual demands of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "minced oath"
},
"expansion": "minced oath",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A minced oath of damn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dumb (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 1 1 6 16 14 2 10 5 7 13 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 1 1 5 10 8 1 6 2 5 9 2 0 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 1 6 1 3 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 1 1 6 11 8 1 8 2 4 10 2 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 2 7 0 6 1 4 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 0 0 4 12 9 0 6 3 5 10 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 0 3 8 0 8 0 5 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumb hard"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017, Don Winslow, The Force, London: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 134:",
"text": "\"What, you don't like your food?\" Russo asks. ¶ \"Are you kidding? It's dumb good.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Natisha Raynor, She Made a Savage Change His Ways 2, Atlanta, G.A.: Royalty Publishing House, →ISBN, page 4:",
"text": "Yo this shit is crazy how these females are making these doctors rich. My baby moms Miracle is getting surgery in a week or so. She's flying out to Colombia. That shit really baffles me as far as she's concerned, because Miracle is already dumb thick. I'm like damn ma, how big do you want your ass to be?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very, extremely."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adv-en:extremely",
"links": [
[
"Very",
"very#Adverb"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely#Adverb"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(African-American Vernacular) Very, extremely."
],
"senseid": [
"en:extremely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "type"
},
{
"word": "mad"
},
{
"word": "hella"
},
{
"word": "wicked"
},
{
"tags": [
"New-York-City"
],
"word": "odee"
},
{
"word": "bare"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Green's Dictionary of Slang"
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "minced oath"
},
"expansion": "minced oath",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A minced oath of damn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more dumb",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most dumb",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dumb (comparative more dumb, superlative most dumb)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Glenna Whiteaker Wilding, Tales of a Ridgerunner: The Adventures of a Young Family Growing Up in the East Tennessee Mountains, 1890s - 1920s, Prospect, K.Y.: Harmony House Publishers, →ISBN, page 95:",
"text": "Pap came to stand beside her and watched the two play. \"That pup has just plum' fell in love with our Sammy, an' Sam's real took by him,\" Pap said. \"It's a dumb shame, too. I talked to Jim, but he's not of a mind to sell.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An intensifier expressing contempt; damn, damned."
],
"id": "en-dumb-en-adj-8jZEZ8gL",
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#Noun"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt#Noun"
],
[
"damn",
"damn#Adjective"
],
[
"damned",
"damned#Adjective"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(African-American Vernacular, dated) An intensifier expressing contempt; damn, damned."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Green's Dictionary of Slang"
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dombenesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumben"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "dumbe",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumbe"
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unspeaking; unable to speak or having muteness."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-AGrqNLH-",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"Unspeaking",
"unspeaking"
],
[
"muteness",
"muteness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 44 4 3 2 6 8 6 5 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Silence",
"orig": "enm:Silence",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 6 15 5 13 1 12 5 9 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-r~PZo1fc",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"(substantive) A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 11 5 7 21 2 20 3 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotions."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-UCf~rsTc",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unwilling or reluctant to speak; not speaking."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-QrkbTL1Y",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Powerless, ineffectual (either inherently or due to events)"
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-fu1bRAO4",
"links": [
[
"ineffectual",
"ineffectual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 11 5 7 21 2 20 3 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unknowledgeable; having no understanding or sense."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-JVFFHPg~",
"links": [
[
"Unknowledgeable",
"unknowledgeable"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-ubg08UHT",
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 11 5 7 21 2 20 3 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-qwwcIgOw",
"links": [
[
"Unrevealing",
"unrevealing"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-2OZemnwe",
"links": [
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 11 5 7 21 2 20 3 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-~z4i2wEZ",
"links": [
[
"preach",
"preach"
],
[
"evangelise",
"evangelise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-WboW-ts~",
"links": [
[
"conceited",
"conceited"
],
[
"vainglorious",
"vainglorious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum(b)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduːm(b)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dowmb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dowm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doump"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumbnes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nFif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute, dumb (unable to speak)"
],
"id": "en-dumb-ang-adj-Jkmye4PB",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"roman": "Þā hē ūt ādrāf þā dēofolsēocnesse, þā spræc se dumba.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 11:14",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mute"
],
"id": "en-dumb-ang-adj-JHekL6nM",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(substantive) a mute"
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumb/"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom",
"3": "domme"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dom, domme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dom, domme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: dum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: dumm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: dumm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dom\nDutch: dom\nAfrikaans: dom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: dum\nNegerhollands: dom, dum\n→ Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: dómb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dom\nDutch: dom\nAfrikaans: dom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: dum\nNegerhollands: dom, dum\n→ Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: dómb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tumb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbiʀō",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*dumbiʀō",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*dumbist"
},
"expansion": "*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumbēn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dumb, mute"
],
"id": "en-dumb-gmw-pro-adj-Nn9nAXSu",
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stumm"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Sardinian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumben"
},
{
"word": "dumbhood"
},
{
"word": "dumbly"
},
{
"word": "dumbness"
},
{
"word": "dumbo"
},
{
"word": "dumbocracy"
},
{
"word": "dummy"
},
{
"word": "undumb"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a bag of hammers"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a box of rocks"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a brick"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a doorknob"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a doornail"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a fish"
},
{
"word": "dumb as an ox"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a post"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a rock"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a sack of hammers"
},
{
"word": "dumb as a stump"
},
{
"word": "dumb as dirt"
},
{
"word": "dumb as nails"
},
{
"word": "dumb like a fox"
},
{
"word": "a dumb priest never got a parish"
},
{
"word": "beauty fades, dumb is forever"
},
{
"word": "deaf and dumb"
},
{
"word": "dumb ague"
},
{
"word": "dumbass"
},
{
"word": "dumb barge"
},
{
"word": "dumbbell"
},
{
"word": "dumb blond"
},
{
"word": "dumb bomb"
},
{
"word": "dumb bunny"
},
{
"word": "dumb cake"
},
{
"word": "dumb cancel"
},
{
"word": "dumbcane"
},
{
"word": "dumb chamber"
},
{
"word": "dumb chill"
},
{
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"word": "dumb cluck"
},
{
"word": "dumb crambo"
},
{
"word": "dumb Dora"
},
{
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"word": "dumbfounded"
},
{
"word": "dumbfounder"
},
{
"word": "dumb friend"
},
{
"word": "dumb fuck"
},
{
"word": "dumb fucker"
},
{
"word": "dumb genius"
},
{
"word": "dumbhead"
},
{
"word": "dumb hole"
},
{
"word": "dumb insolence"
},
{
"word": "dumb luck"
},
{
"word": "dumb money"
},
{
"word": "dumb muscle"
},
{
"word": "dumb network"
},
{
"word": "dumb out"
},
{
"word": "dumb peal"
},
{
"word": "dumbphone"
},
{
"word": "dumb piano"
},
{
"word": "dumb pipe"
},
{
"word": "dumb quotes"
},
{
"word": "dumbshit"
},
{
"word": "dumb show"
},
{
"word": "dumb spinet"
},
{
"word": "dumbstruck"
},
{
"word": "dumb tax"
},
{
"word": "dumb TV"
},
{
"word": "dumbwaiter"
},
{
"word": "dumb well"
},
{
"word": "rock-dumb"
},
{
"word": "strike dumb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dumb",
"t": "silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb",
"t": "silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz",
"4": "",
"5": "dull, dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz (“dull, dumb”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, silent"
},
"expansion": "Scots dumb (“dumb, silent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dom (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, stupid"
},
"expansion": "German dumm (“dumb, stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum",
"3": "",
"4": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum",
"3": "",
"4": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur",
"3": "",
"4": "dumb, mute"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur (“dumb, mute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, ineffectual”), from Old English dumb (“silent, speechless, mute, unable to speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz (“dull, dumb”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).\nThe senses of stupid, unintellectual, and pointless, which are found regularly since the 19th century only, probably developed under the influence of German dumm and Dutch dom. Just like the English word, these originally meant \"lacking the power of speech\", but they developed the mentioned senses early on.\nCognates\nCognate with Scots dumb (“dumb, silent”), North Frisian dom, domme (“dumb, stupid”), West Frisian dom (“dumb, stupid”), Dutch dom (“dumb, stupid”), German dumm (“dumb, stupid”), Danish dum (“stupid”), Swedish dum (“stupid”), Icelandic dumbur (“dumb, mute”). See also deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumber",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "dumb (comparative dumber, superlative dumbest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His younger brother was born dumb, and communicated with sign language.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "to unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, chapter 2, in Original Stories from Real Life (Children's literature), London: J. Johnson, published 1796, pages 10–11:",
"text": "The country people frequently ſay,—How can you treat a poor dumb beaſt ill; and a ſtreſs is very properly laid on the word dumb; for dumb they appear to thoſe who do not obſerve their looks and geſtures; but God, who takes care of every thing, underſtands their language...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 January 5, “Mighty maiden with a mission”, in W. S. Gilbert (lyrics), Arthur Sullivan (music), Princess Ida, performed by D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, London, page 48:",
"text": "We are dumb and we would talk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992, “Opiate”, performed by Tool:",
"text": "Deaf and blind and dumb and born to follow / What you need is someone strong to guide you",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unable to speak; lacking power of speech (kept in \"deaf, dumb, and blind\")."
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Unable to speak; lacking power of speech (kept in \"deaf, dumb, and blind\")."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mute"
},
{
"word": "speechless"
},
{
"word": "wordless"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Not talkative; taciturn or unwilling to speak."
],
"links": [
[
"talkative",
"talkative"
],
[
"taciturn",
"taciturn"
],
[
"unwilling",
"unwilling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Not talkative; taciturn or unwilling to speak."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Democracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker), page 210:",
"text": "Life was never a May-game for men; in all times the lot of the dumb-millions born to toil was defaced with manifold sufferings, injustices, heavy burdens, avoidable and unavoidable; not play at all, but hard work that made the sinews sore, and the heart sore.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having no input or voice in running things."
],
"links": [
[
"input",
"input"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Having no input or voice in running things."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dumb show",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "Since you are tongue-tied and so loath to speak\nIn dumb significants proclaim your thoughts",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 23”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:",
"text": "O let my books be then the eloquence\nAnd dumb presagers of my speaking breast […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1881, John Campbell Shairp, Aspects of Poetry:",
"text": "to pierce into the dumb past",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unaccompanied by words or speech, silent, wordless."
],
"links": [
[
"Unaccompanied",
"unaccompanied"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
],
[
"wordless",
"wordless"
]
],
"qualifier": "actions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, of things, actions, etc.) Unaccompanied by words or speech, silent, wordless."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of things"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 39:",
"text": "[…] Thro’ lands where not a leaf was dumb;\nBut all the lavish hills would hum\nThe murmur of a happy Pan: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not producing any sound, silent."
],
"links": [
[
"producing",
"produce"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Not producing any sound, silent."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "intelligent"
},
{
"word": "smart"
}
],
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You are so dumb! You don't even know how to make toast!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stupid."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, derogatory, especially of a person) Stupid."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feeble-minded"
},
{
"word": "idiotic"
},
{
"word": "moronic"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"especially",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This is dumb! We're driving in circles! We should have asked for directions an hour ago!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Brendan had the dumb job of moving boxes from one conveyor belt to another.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pointless, foolish, lacking intellectual content or value."
],
"links": [
[
"Pointless",
"pointless"
],
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Pointless, foolish, lacking intellectual content or value."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banal"
},
{
"word": "brainless"
},
{
"word": "dopey"
},
{
"word": "silly"
},
{
"word": "stupid"
},
{
"word": "ridiculous"
},
{
"word": "vulgar"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking some functionality or property ordinarily characteristic of its kind."
],
"links": [
[
"functionality",
"functionality"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "smart"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Technology"
],
"glosses": [
"Not equipped with intelligent behavior or processing capabilities of its own."
],
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"equip",
"equip"
],
[
"intelligent",
"intelligent"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"capabilities",
"capability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of technology) Not equipped with intelligent behavior or processing capabilities of its own."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of technology"
],
"senseid": [
"en:technology, nonsmart"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1720, Daniel Defoe, The Life, Adventures and Piracies of the Famous Captain Singleton:",
"text": "Her stern, which was painted of a dumb white or dun color.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking brightness or clearness as a colour; dim, dull."
],
"links": [
[
"brightness",
"brightness"
],
[
"clearness",
"clearness"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"dim",
"dim"
],
[
"dull",
"dull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) Lacking brightness or clearness as a colour; dim, dull."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡabiyy",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "غَبِيّ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡašīm",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "غشيم"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "aḥmaʔ",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "احمق"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "durny",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "дурны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎp",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "тъп"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "estúpid"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔn",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "蠢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bèn",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "笨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "debilní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "blbý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "åndssvag"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stom"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stulta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "loll"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "typerä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idioottimainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupide"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "débile"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiot"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "niais"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bête"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiotisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chazós",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "χαζός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mōrós",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "μωρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "ostoba"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "hülye"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dungu"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupido"
},
{
"alt": "おろかな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "oroka na",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "愚かな"
},
{
"alt": "ばかな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "baka na",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "ばかな"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "pekok"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "goblog"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bê'eqill",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "بێعەقڵ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bêmêjî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bêaqil"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stupidus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "stultus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "blennus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "(barbarism) durnas"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "kvailas"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "böñ",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "بوك"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kowdan",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "کودن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xeng",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "خنگ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dabang",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "دبنگ"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "frekjt"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "durny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "pustogłowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "bezmyślny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiotyczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "debilny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "burro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "idiota"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tupój",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "тупо́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glúpyj",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "глу́пый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "durnój",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "дурно́й"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "ajñāna",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "अज्ञान"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūra",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूर"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūrkha",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूर्ख"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "jala",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "जल"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mūḍha",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "मूढ"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "nirbud'dhi",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "निर्बुद्धि"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "tonto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mentecapto"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "belegug"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "korkad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "aptal"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "loigne"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "boubiet"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"word": "wargnasse"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "extremely stupid",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "xint"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "fordummende"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "åndssvag"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "stulta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "typerä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "bête stupide"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "sinnlos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dümmlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dumm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "stupido"
},
{
"alt": "みのない",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mi no nai",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "実のない"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bême'na",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "بێمەعنا"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "supervacuus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bessmýslennyj",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "бессмы́сленный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "estúpido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "tonto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mentecapto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "meningslös"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "saçma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pointless or unintellectual",
"word": "boş"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bedumb"
},
{
"word": "dumbness"
},
{
"word": "dumb blonde"
},
{
"word": "dumb down"
},
{
"word": "dumbocracy"
},
{
"word": "dumb-show"
},
{
"word": "dumb terminal"
},
{
"word": "dummy"
},
{
"word": "play dumb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dumben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dumben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumbian"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumbian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verdummen",
"3": "",
"4": "to become dumb"
},
"expansion": "German verdummen (“to become dumb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dumben, from Old English dumbian (more commonly in compound ādumbian (“to become mute or dumb; keep silence; hold one’s peace”)), from Proto-Germanic *dumbijaną, *dumbōną (“to be silent, become dumb”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”). Cognate with German verdummen (“to become dumb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dumb (third-person singular simple present dumbs, present participle dumbing, simple past and past participle dumbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:",
"text": "[…] what I would have spoke\nWas beastly dumbed by him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Lindsay Swift, William Lloyd Garrison, page 272:",
"text": "The paralysis of the Northern conscience, the dumbing of the Northern voice, were coming to an end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To silence."
],
"links": [
[
"silence",
"silence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dated) To silence."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Angela Calabrese Barton, Teaching Science for Social Justice, page 124:",
"text": "I think she's dumbing us down, so we won't be smarter than her.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stupid."
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make stupid."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Stephen Oppenheimer, The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa, page 107:",
"text": "Bad-mouthing Neanderthals […] is symptomatic of a need to exclude and even demonize. […] I suggest that the unproven dumbing of the Neanderthals is an example of the same cultural preconception.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To represent as stupid."
],
"links": [
[
"represent",
"represent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To represent as stupid."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Deborah Meier, In Schools We Trust: Creating Communities of Learning in an Era of Testing, page 126:",
"text": "The ensuing storm caused the department to lower the bar—amid protests that this was dumbing the test down—so that only 80 percent of urban kids would fail.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the intellectual demands of."
],
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce the intellectual demands of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumb hard"
},
{
"word": "dummy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "minced oath"
},
"expansion": "minced oath",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A minced oath of damn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dumb (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017, Don Winslow, The Force, London: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 134:",
"text": "\"What, you don't like your food?\" Russo asks. ¶ \"Are you kidding? It's dumb good.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Natisha Raynor, She Made a Savage Change His Ways 2, Atlanta, G.A.: Royalty Publishing House, →ISBN, page 4:",
"text": "Yo this shit is crazy how these females are making these doctors rich. My baby moms Miracle is getting surgery in a week or so. She's flying out to Colombia. That shit really baffles me as far as she's concerned, because Miracle is already dumb thick. I'm like damn ma, how big do you want your ass to be?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very, extremely."
],
"links": [
[
"Very",
"very#Adverb"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely#Adverb"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(African-American Vernacular) Very, extremely."
],
"senseid": [
"en:extremely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "type"
},
{
"word": "mad"
},
{
"word": "hella"
},
{
"word": "wicked"
},
{
"tags": [
"New-York-City"
],
"word": "odee"
},
{
"word": "bare"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Green's Dictionary of Slang"
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "minced oath"
},
"expansion": "minced oath",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A minced oath of damn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more dumb",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most dumb",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dumb (comparative more dumb, superlative most dumb)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Glenna Whiteaker Wilding, Tales of a Ridgerunner: The Adventures of a Young Family Growing Up in the East Tennessee Mountains, 1890s - 1920s, Prospect, K.Y.: Harmony House Publishers, →ISBN, page 95:",
"text": "Pap came to stand beside her and watched the two play. \"That pup has just plum' fell in love with our Sammy, an' Sam's real took by him,\" Pap said. \"It's a dumb shame, too. I talked to Jim, but he's not of a mind to sell.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An intensifier expressing contempt; damn, damned."
],
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#Noun"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt#Noun"
],
[
"damn",
"damn#Adjective"
],
[
"damned",
"damned#Adjective"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(African-American Vernacular, dated) An intensifier expressing contempt; damn, damned."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-dumb.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga/En-ca-dumb.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/En-ca-dumb.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Green's Dictionary of Slang"
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Silence",
"enm:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dombenesse"
},
{
"word": "dumben"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "dumbe",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumbe"
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unspeaking; unable to speak or having muteness."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"Unspeaking",
"unspeaking"
],
[
"muteness",
"muteness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"(substantive) A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotions."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unwilling or reluctant to speak; not speaking."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Powerless, ineffectual (either inherently or due to events)"
],
"links": [
[
"ineffectual",
"ineffectual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unknowledgeable; having no understanding or sense."
],
"links": [
[
"Unknowledgeable",
"unknowledgeable"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"links": [
[
"Unrevealing",
"unrevealing"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"links": [
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"links": [
[
"preach",
"preach"
],
[
"evangelise",
"evangelise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"links": [
[
"conceited",
"conceited"
],
[
"vainglorious",
"vainglorious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum(b)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduːm(b)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "domb"
},
{
"word": "doumb"
},
{
"word": "dowmb"
},
{
"word": "dom"
},
{
"word": "domm"
},
{
"word": "dum"
},
{
"word": "doum"
},
{
"word": "dowm"
},
{
"word": "domp"
},
{
"word": "doump"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dumb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dumb",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumb"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dumbnes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nFif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute, dumb (unable to speak)"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "When he drove out the demon, the mute person spoke.",
"roman": "Þā hē ūt ādrāf þā dēofolsēocnesse, þā spræc se dumba.",
"text": "c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 11:14",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mute"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(substantive) a mute"
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumb/"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumbēn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom",
"3": "domme"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dom, domme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dom, domme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: dum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: dumm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: dumm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dom\nDutch: dom\nAfrikaans: dom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: dum\nNegerhollands: dom, dum\n→ Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: dómb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dom\nDutch: dom\nAfrikaans: dom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: dum\nNegerhollands: dom, dum\n→ Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: dómb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tumb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbiʀō",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*dumbiʀō",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*dumbist"
},
"expansion": "*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Muteness"
],
"glosses": [
"dumb, mute"
],
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stumm"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dumb meaning in All languages combined (57.1kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Korean: __IGNORE__ (1), __IGNORE__ (2,3)",
"path": [
"dumb"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dumb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Telugu: __IGNORE__ (1)",
"path": [
"dumb"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dumb",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.