See dumb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dombenesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumben"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "dumbe",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumbe"
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unspeaking; unable to speak or having muteness."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-AGrqNLH-",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"Unspeaking",
"unspeaking"
],
[
"muteness",
"muteness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 42 6 6 2 6 8 6 4 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Silence",
"orig": "enm:Silence",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 6 15 5 13 1 12 5 9 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-r~PZo1fc",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"(substantive) A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 6 7 20 2 19 3 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotions."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-UCf~rsTc",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unwilling or reluctant to speak; not speaking."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-QrkbTL1Y",
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Powerless, ineffectual (either inherently or due to events)"
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-fu1bRAO4",
"links": [
[
"ineffectual",
"ineffectual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 6 7 20 2 19 3 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unknowledgeable; having no understanding or sense."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-JVFFHPg~",
"links": [
[
"Unknowledgeable",
"unknowledgeable"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-ubg08UHT",
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 6 7 20 2 19 3 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-qwwcIgOw",
"links": [
[
"Unrevealing",
"unrevealing"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-2OZemnwe",
"links": [
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 6 7 20 2 19 3 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-~z4i2wEZ",
"links": [
[
"preach",
"preach"
],
[
"evangelise",
"evangelise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"id": "en-dumb-enm-adj-WboW-ts~",
"links": [
[
"conceited",
"conceited"
],
[
"vainglorious",
"vainglorious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum(b)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduːm(b)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dowmb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dowm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "domp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doump"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Silence",
"enm:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dombenesse"
},
{
"word": "dumben"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dumb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English dumb",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dumb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbe",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "dumbe",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumbe"
},
"expansion": "dumb (plural and weak singular dumbe)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unspeaking; unable to speak or having muteness."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"Unspeaking",
"unspeaking"
],
[
"muteness",
"muteness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"(substantive) A mute; one who can't speak."
],
"tags": [
"substantive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotions."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Lacking or failing to display the faculty of voice:",
"Unwilling or reluctant to speak; not speaking."
],
"links": [
[
"failing",
"failing"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Powerless, ineffectual (either inherently or due to events)"
],
"links": [
[
"ineffectual",
"ineffectual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unknowledgeable; having no understanding or sense."
],
"links": [
[
"Unknowledgeable",
"unknowledgeable"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) Unwilling or unable to make a noise; quiet or silent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"links": [
[
"Unrevealing",
"unrevealing"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Unrevealing, useless; having no important messages or lessons."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"links": [
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having nothing to keep one busy or engaged."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"links": [
[
"preach",
"preach"
],
[
"evangelise",
"evangelise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to preach or evangelise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"links": [
[
"conceited",
"conceited"
],
[
"vainglorious",
"vainglorious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Refusing to be conceited or vainglorious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum(b)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduːm(b)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "domb"
},
{
"word": "doumb"
},
{
"word": "dowmb"
},
{
"word": "dom"
},
{
"word": "domm"
},
{
"word": "dum"
},
{
"word": "doum"
},
{
"word": "dowm"
},
{
"word": "domp"
},
{
"word": "doump"
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dumb meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.