See substantive in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "common substantive noun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "substantive proper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive adjective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive case"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive due process"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive genitive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive law"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantively"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantive verb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantivise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantivize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "substantif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English substantif",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "substantif"
},
"expansion": "Old French substantif",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English substantif, from Old French substantif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more substantive",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most substantive",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "substantive (comparative more substantive, superlative most substantive)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 3 2 7 18 4 9 20 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 8 4 10 16 7 10 14 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 1 1 5 19 1 5 18 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Parts of speech",
"orig": "en:Parts of speech",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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0,
11
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],
"text": "substantive information",
"type": "example"
},
{
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117,
128
]
],
"ref": "2012 October 6, “The first presidential debate: Back in the centre, back in the game”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 08 Mar 2023:",
"text": "In one sense the first debate achieved the worst of all worlds: it managed to be technical, even dull, without being substantive or especially honest.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of the essence or essential element of a thing."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-o7KA3dUR",
"links": [
[
"essence",
"essence"
],
[
"element",
"element"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "essential"
},
{
"word": "in essence"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 13 1 1 5 19 1 5 18 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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0,
11
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],
"text": "Substantive editing is never trivial, whereas some aspects of copyediting are trivial.",
"type": "example"
},
{
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[
0,
11
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],
"text": "substantive changes made by the lawyers",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of the essence or essential element of a thing.",
"Constituting the substance of content rather than its style, and thus always nontrivial."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-tIqwwo7c",
"links": [
[
"essence",
"essence"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"content",
"content#English:_semantic_information"
],
[
"nontrivial",
"nontrivial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Of the essence or essential element of a thing.",
"(by extension) Constituting the substance of content rather than its style, and thus always nontrivial."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "essential"
},
{
"word": "in essence"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "superficial"
},
{
"word": "trivial"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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101,
112
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"ref": "1836 [1829], William Hazlitt, “Definition of wit”, in Literary Remains of the Late William Hazlitt, page 19:",
"text": "Once more then, strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-en:substantial",
"links": [
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"substantial",
"substantial"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:substantial"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "meaty"
},
{
"word": "substantial"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "bovandakayin",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "բովանդակային"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "dolğun"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "oleellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "substantif"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "ábhartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "sostanziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "concreto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sodŕžaen",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "содр́жаен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "znáčaen",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "зна́чаен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "konkretny"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "rzeczywisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "faktyczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "substancjalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "soderžátelʹnyj",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "содержа́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 12 70 3 3 4 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zmistóvnyj",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "змісто́вний"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "adjective"
},
{
"word": "procedural"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"type": "example"
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"ref": "2025 October 16, Ross Douthat, quoting Amy Coney Barrett, “Amy Coney Barrett Is Looking Beyond the Trump Era”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 20 Oct 2025:",
"text": "So this test, this whole area of substantive due process, is tricky for some of the reasons you say. That’s been a criticism of the doctrine in general and a criticism of the general notion that we can have rights that the Constitution doesn’t specify, precisely because of the kind of inquiry that it invites judges to undertake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Applying to essential legal principles and rules of right."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-en:legal_rights",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"principle",
"principle"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Applying to essential legal principles and rules of right."
],
"senseid": [
"en:legal rights"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "aineellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "aineellisoikeudellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiell"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "érdemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "sostanziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "materijálen",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "материја́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materialny"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "materiálʹnyj",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "материа́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "sustanziali"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "matiriali"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 1 88 1 1 1 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiell"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "adjective"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 8 4 10 16 7 10 14 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-JyKCKsGC",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"mordant",
"mordant"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry, of a dye) Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a dye"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 81 3 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "suora-"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 81 3 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "substantiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 81 3 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "direct"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 81 3 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "substantif"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 81 3 2 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "niewymagający użycia zaprawy farbiarskiej"
}
]
},
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
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{
"_dis": "13 13 1 1 5 19 1 5 18 4 19",
"kind": "other",
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"ref": "1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Hee therefore taking into Conſideration, how ſufficient and ſuſstantiue this Land was, to maintaine it ſelfe without any aid (at all) of the foreigner; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Depending on itself; independent."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-qE7ilesn",
"links": [
[
"independent",
"independent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "samostojatelen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "самостоятелен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "nezavisim",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "независим"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "riippumaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "itsenäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "nezávisen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "неза́висен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "samóstoen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "само́стоен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 89 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "niezależny"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 7 9 7 13 7 17 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a substantive."
],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-CQB6-vXX",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"substantive",
"substantive#English:_noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "substantival"
}
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"langcode": "en",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-substantive-en-adj-bXIj9aWj",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"Actually",
"actually#English"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"acting",
"acting"
],
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"honorary",
"honorary"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"raw_tags": [
"of a rank or appointment"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 6 2 3 2 6 1 73",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "military: actually and legally held",
"word": "varsinainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 6 2 3 2 6 1 73",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "military: actually and legally held",
"word": "legalny"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəntɪv/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/səbˈstæntɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sǎštestven",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "съществен"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "oleellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "ábhartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "essenziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substantīvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "súštestven",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "су́штествен"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "merytoryczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substantivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substancial"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "essencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "sustantivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "sustancial"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "materiell"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 45 1 1 1 4 1 2",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "ot"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantivise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substantivize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "substantival"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "substantivally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "verbal substantive"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "substantif"
},
"expansion": "Old French substantif",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "substantives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "subst.",
"raw_tags": [
"used in lexicography and grammar"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
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}
],
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{
"date": "from 16th c.",
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "noun"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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{
"word": "noun substantive"
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"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
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"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
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{
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"word": "accidental"
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],
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[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"ordering",
"ordering"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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{
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"expansion": "Old French substantif",
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},
{
"form": "substantiving",
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],
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
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{
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],
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"en:Nouns",
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{
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{
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},
{
"word": "substantive case"
},
{
"word": "substantive due process"
},
{
"word": "substantive genitive"
},
{
"word": "substantive law"
},
{
"word": "substantively"
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{
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},
{
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"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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[
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],
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}
],
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],
"links": [
[
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"essence"
],
[
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[
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[
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],
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],
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{
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},
{
"word": "in essence"
}
],
"tags": [
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},
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{
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],
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial."
],
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[
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],
[
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"solid"
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[
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"substantial"
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{
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{
"word": "procedural"
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"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
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"ref": "2025 October 16, Ross Douthat, quoting Amy Coney Barrett, “Amy Coney Barrett Is Looking Beyond the Trump Era”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 20 Oct 2025:",
"text": "So this test, this whole area of substantive due process, is tricky for some of the reasons you say. That’s been a criticism of the doctrine in general and a criticism of the general notion that we can have rights that the Constitution doesn’t specify, precisely because of the kind of inquiry that it invites judges to undertake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Applying to essential legal principles and rules of right."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"principle",
"principle"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Applying to essential legal principles and rules of right."
],
"senseid": [
"en:legal rights"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "adjective"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"mordant",
"mordant"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry, of a dye) Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a dye"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "Hee therefore taking into Conſideration, how ſufficient and ſuſstantiue this Land was, to maintaine it ſelfe without any aid (at all) of the foreigner; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Depending on itself; independent."
],
"links": [
[
"independent",
"independent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a substantive."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"substantive",
"substantive#English:_noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "substantival"
}
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"Actually and legally held, as distinct from an acting, temporary or honorary rank or appointment."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"Actually",
"actually#English"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"acting",
"acting"
],
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"honorary",
"honorary"
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[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"appointment",
"appointment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, of a rank or appointment) Actually and legally held, as distinct from an acting, temporary or honorary rank or appointment."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a rank or appointment"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəntɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
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},
{
"ipa": "/səbˈstæntɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sǎštestven",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "съществен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "oleellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "ábhartha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "essenziale"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substantīvus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "súštestven",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "су́штествен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "merytoryczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substantivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "substancial"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "essencial"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "sustantivo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "sustancial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "materiell"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "of the essence or essential element of a thing",
"word": "ot"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "bovandakayin",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "բովանդակային"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "dolğun"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "oleellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "substantif"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "ábhartha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "sostanziale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "concreto"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sodŕžaen",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "содр́жаен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "znáčaen",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "зна́чаен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "konkretny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "rzeczywisty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "faktyczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "substancjalny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "soderžátelʹnyj",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "содержа́тельный"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zmistóvnyj",
"sense": "having substance and prompting thought",
"word": "змісто́вний"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "aineellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "aineellisoikeudellinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiell"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "érdemi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "sostanziale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiale"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "materijálen",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "материја́лен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materialny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "materiálʹnyj",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "материа́льный"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "sustanziali"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "matiriali"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "law: applying to essential legal principles",
"word": "materiell"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "samostojatelen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "самостоятелен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "nezavisim",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "независим"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "riippumaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "itsenäinen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "nezávisen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "неза́висен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "samóstoen",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "само́стоен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "independent",
"word": "niezależny"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "suora-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "substantiivinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "direct"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "substantif"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of a dye that does not need the use of a mordant",
"word": "niewymagający użycia zaprawy farbiarskiej"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "military: actually and legally held",
"word": "varsinainen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "military: actually and legally held",
"word": "legalny"
}
],
"word": "substantive"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"en:Nouns",
"en:Parts of speech"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "substantival"
},
{
"word": "substantivally"
},
{
"word": "substantivise"
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{
"word": "substantivize"
},
{
"word": "verbal substantive"
}
],
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "substantif"
},
"expansion": "Old French substantif",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "substantives",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "subst.",
"raw_tags": [
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"tags": [
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}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
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"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence)",
"word": "noun substantive or substantive noun"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 16th c.",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"en:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1986, Harry Holtzman, Martin S[amuel] James, “The New Plastic in Painting (1917)”, in The New Art—The New Life: The Collected Writings of Piet Mondrian, Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall & Co., →ISBN, part I (The De Stijl Years: 1917–24), page 27:",
"text": "The Dutch verb beelden and substantive beelding signify form-giving, creation, and by extension image—as do gestalten and Gestaltung in German, where Neo-Plastic[ism] is translated as Die neue Gestaltung.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of noun substantive or substantive noun, a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence)."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "noun"
}
],
"links": [
[
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"grammar"
],
[
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"noun substantive#English"
],
[
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"substantive noun#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"noun phrase",
"noun phrase"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Ellipsis of noun substantive or substantive noun, a noun or a group of words (a noun phrase) that act as a noun (in a sentence)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "sensu stricto",
"translation": "sensu stricto",
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "noun substantive"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "accidental"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Part of a text that carries the meaning, such as words and their ordering."
],
"links": [
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
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"ordering"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəntɪv/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"word": "substantive"
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
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"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"en:Nouns",
"en:Parts of speech"
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"etymology_templates": [
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"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "substantif"
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"expansion": "Old French substantif",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "substantiving",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "substantived",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "substantived",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"To make a word belonging to another part of speech into a substantive (that is, a noun) or use it as a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"part of speech",
"part of speech"
],
[
"substantive",
"substantive#English:_noun"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar, very rare) To make a word belonging to another part of speech into a substantive (that is, a noun) or use it as a noun."
],
"senseid": [
"en:verb"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "substantivize"
},
{
"word": "nominalize"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbstəntɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səbˈstæntɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-substantive.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-substantive2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-substantive2.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "substantive"
}
Download raw JSONL data for substantive meaning in English (24.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.