See dum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dum meaning in All languages combined (41.7kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-2",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-3",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch."
],
"id": "en-dum-mul-symbol-t6FuFSWs",
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch."
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "दम"
},
"expansion": "Hindi दम (dam)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi दम (dam).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dum (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "en:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cooked with steam"
],
"id": "en-dum-en-adj-ZpJ1yVXo",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, cooking) cooked with steam"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "dumpoke"
}
],
"tags": [
"India",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor",
"text": "I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Syllable used when humming a tune."
],
"id": "en-dum-en-intj-iijJrRil"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of dumb."
],
"id": "en-dum-en-adj-g5EaDC3Y",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"humorous",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dum (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "damn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronunciation spellings",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation spellings",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 66 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of damn."
],
"id": "en-dum-en-adj-YDmhBZ3v",
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"damn",
"damn#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ba-dum ching"
},
{
"word": "ba dum tish"
},
{
"word": "ba dum tss"
},
{
"word": "dum-dum"
},
{
"word": "dum dum"
},
{
"word": "dum dum bullet"
},
{
"word": "dum palm"
},
{
"word": "Tweedle-dum"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"not-comparable",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "ban-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Balinese",
"lang_code": "ban",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ᬤᬸᬫ᭄"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ᬤᬸᬫ᭄"
],
"id": "en-dum-ban-romanization-2ProiS35",
"links": [
[
"ᬤᬸᬫ᭄",
"ᬤᬸᬫ᭄#Balinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr",
"4": "",
"5": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German dumm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dummeste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumm",
"2": "est"
},
"name": "da-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim"
],
"id": "en-dum-da-adj-ibTjwXNe",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"dim",
"dim"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, silly, daft"
],
"id": "en-dum-da-adj-1Zv1v7C4",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"silly",
"silly"
],
[
"daft",
"daft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dom/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̥ɔmˀ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto BRO1",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Latin dum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "eo-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 32 36 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I will be in the USA for two years.",
"text": "Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-dum-eo-prep-EMIrz0x2",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 32 36 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-dum-eo-prep-dmeOQM-L",
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 41 59 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 32 36 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"while"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-dum-eo-prep-B6h1BziC",
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 32 36 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whereas"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-dum-eo-prep-qXVBUX1h",
"links": [
[
"whereas",
"whereas"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[dum]"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto dum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "la",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Latin dum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "meanwhile, meantime",
"word": "dume"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was absent for three years.",
"text": "Il esis absenta dum tri yari.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during, in (a period of time)"
],
"id": "en-dum-io-prep-JeaJRjqj",
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese dum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Javanese dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to divide"
],
"id": "en-dum-jv-verb-dJhTD84U",
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūdum"
},
"expansion": "dūdum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-TRWBuNEe",
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 8 40 1 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-rcXgtzve",
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-IwCH3tzM",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 32 2 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-zg-N8GHi",
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dun",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "demientres"
},
"expansion": "demientres",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "dum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: dum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūdum"
},
"expansion": "dūdum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"word": "nōndum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for a while, still"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-tJJi4wFP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old Latin) for a while, still"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sks",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maia",
"lang_code": "sks",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maia entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wet"
],
"id": "en-dum-sks-adj-U0xR4Xdw",
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of dumb"
],
"id": "en-dum-enm-adj-nUbxdUmS",
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumhet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummeste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "dummest",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "dummeste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "dumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "dumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "dummere",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish"
],
"id": "en-dum-nb-adj-fTBf1HPz",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, silly"
],
"id": "en-dum-nb-adj-4RWt3X7u",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"silly",
"silly#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "dummast",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "dummaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "dumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "dumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "dummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish"
],
"id": "en-dum-nn-adj-fTBf1HPz",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, silly"
],
"id": "en-dum-nn-adj-4RWt3X7u",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"silly",
"silly#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumː/"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: dun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dumet",
"3": "dumect",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dumet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dumet",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deumet"
},
"expansion": "deumet",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dumet, deumet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duvet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duvet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: duvet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "non",
"3": "dúnn",
"t": "down, feathers"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūnaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down"
},
"expansion": "English down",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Daun"
},
"expansion": "German Daun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags"
],
"id": "en-dum-fro-noun-E25GRQSE",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down#English:_feathers"
],
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"sleeping bag",
"sleeping bag"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "um"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "daum"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of daum"
],
"id": "en-dum-sga-noun-RlOQkkD7",
"links": [
[
"daum",
"daum#Old Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦢꦸꦩ꧀"
},
"expansion": "Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "ᬤᬸᬫ᭄",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "dum"
},
"expansion": "→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*t₁um",
"t": "collection, accumulation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ដុំ",
"t": "loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjm",
"2": "ḍaum",
"t": "group"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adum-dum"
},
{
"word": "adum-duman"
},
{
"word": "adūm"
},
{
"word": "aṅdum"
},
{
"word": "aṅdūmakĕn"
},
{
"word": "aṅdūmi"
},
{
"word": "dinum"
},
{
"word": "dinum-duman"
},
{
"word": "dinūmakĕn"
},
{
"word": "dinūman"
},
{
"word": "dum-duman"
},
{
"word": "dūman"
},
{
"word": "kaduman"
},
{
"word": "padūm"
},
{
"word": "paṅdum"
},
{
"word": "adum para"
},
{
"word": "aṅadum-parani"
}
],
"glosses": [
"part"
],
"id": "en-dum-kaw-noun-N6aAEzvQ",
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dūm"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʊm/"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "dum f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of duma"
],
"id": "en-dum-pl-noun-S1RTXgr5",
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "d'um"
},
"expansion": "d'um",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "de",
"t": "of"
},
"expansion": "de (“of”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "um",
"pos": "masculine singular indefinite article",
"t": "a"
},
"expansion": "um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "duns",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "contraction",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“of/from a (masculine)”)",
"word": "de um"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of de um (“of/from a (masculine)”)."
],
"id": "en-dum-pt-contraction-FkyQvWmd",
"links": [
[
"de",
"de#Portuguese"
],
[
"um",
"um#Portuguese"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "d'um"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd‿ũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd‿ũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dumstolt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian dumb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stupid; dumb"
],
"id": "en-dum-stq-adj-zu9xYPTZ",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hoolich"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blindly"
],
"id": "en-dum-stq-adj-5OIBqYM0",
"links": [
[
"blindly",
"blindly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dizzy"
],
"id": "en-dum-stq-adj-2BDiUjkg",
"links": [
[
"dizzy",
"dizzy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dum i huvudet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dum i skallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumbom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumdristig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumdryg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumhuvud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dumskalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "är huvudet dumt får kroppen lida"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "dumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish dumber",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "dummare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "dummast",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumma"
},
"expansion": "dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You're not as stupid as you look",
"text": "Du är inte så dum som du ser ut",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, dumb"
],
"id": "en-dum-sv-adj-HJ-yW4wt",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 86 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.",
"text": "Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)",
"text": "En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing trouble or annoyance"
],
"id": "en-dum-sv-adj-o0mbz653",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"annoyance",
"annoyance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was mean to me!",
"text": "Han var dum mot mig!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mom told Olle to stop being naughty",
"text": "Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.\nI shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty"
],
"id": "en-dum-sv-adj--F72bQLI",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"misbehaving",
"misbehaving"
],
[
"naughty",
"naughty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty"
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɵmː/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-dum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Sv-dum.ogg/Sv-dum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Sv-dum.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دم",
"tr": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Persian دم (dom)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Persian دم (dom).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Talysh",
"lang_code": "tly",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Talysh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tail"
],
"id": "en-dum-tly-noun-DGL4du8d",
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ary",
"3": "دام",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "dām",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic دام (dām)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ary",
"3": "دام",
"tr": "dām"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "duration, continuity",
"word": "ddwam"
},
{
"english": "eternal",
"word": "ddaym"
},
{
"english": "always",
"word": "dima"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to last, to subsist, to perpetuate"
],
"id": "en-dum-rif-verb--~qc6vv6",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"subsist",
"subsist"
],
[
"perpetuate",
"perpetuate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*delem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "tsg-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tausug entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"night"
],
"id": "en-dum-tsg-noun-F2Rz1zEz",
"links": [
[
"night",
"night"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "fa",
"3": "دم",
"tr": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Persian دم (dom)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian دم (dom).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "dumlar",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "dum (plural dumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum (plural dumlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tail"
],
"id": "en-dum-uz-noun-DGL4du8d",
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "ban-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Balinese",
"lang_code": "ban",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ᬤᬸᬫ᭄"
}
],
"categories": [
"Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Balinese non-lemma forms",
"Balinese romanizations",
"Balinese terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ᬤᬸᬫ᭄"
],
"links": [
[
"ᬤᬸᬫ᭄",
"ᬤᬸᬫ᭄#Balinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish terms derived from German",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Danish/ɔm",
"Rhymes:Danish/ɔm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr",
"4": "",
"5": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German dumm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dummeste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dumm",
"2": "est"
},
"name": "da-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"dim",
"dim"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, silly, daft"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"silly",
"silly"
],
[
"daft",
"daft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dom/"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̥ɔmˀ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "दम"
},
"expansion": "Hindi दम (dam)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi दम (dam).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dum (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dumpoke"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indian English",
"en:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"cooked with steam"
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, cooking) cooked with steam"
],
"tags": [
"India",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor",
"text": "I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Syllable used when humming a tune."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English nonstandard terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of dumb."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"humorous",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "dum (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ba-dum ching"
},
{
"word": "ba dum tish"
},
{
"word": "ba dum tss"
},
{
"word": "dum-dum"
},
{
"word": "dum dum"
},
{
"word": "dum dum bullet"
},
{
"word": "dum palm"
},
{
"word": "Tweedle-dum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "damn"
}
],
"categories": [
"English pronunciation spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of damn."
],
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"damn",
"damn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"not-comparable",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌm/"
},
{
"homophone": "dumb"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto BRO1",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto prepositions",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Latin dum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "eo-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I will be in the USA for two years.",
"text": "Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"during"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"while"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"whereas"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"whereas",
"whereas"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[dum]"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "meanwhile, meantime",
"word": "dume"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto dum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "la",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Latin dum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido prepositions",
"Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
"Ido terms derived from Latin",
"Ido terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ido terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was absent for three years.",
"text": "Il esis absenta dum tri yari.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during, in (a period of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese dum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Javanese dum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese lemmas",
"Javanese terms derived from Old Javanese",
"Javanese terms inherited from Old Javanese",
"Javanese verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to divide"
],
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin conjunctions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūdum"
},
"expansion": "dūdum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin conjunctions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
},
{
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"word": "nōndum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dun",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "demientres"
},
"expansion": "demientres",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "dum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: dum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūdum"
},
"expansion": "dūdum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"for a while, still"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old Latin) for a while, still"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sks",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maia",
"lang_code": "sks",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maia adjectives",
"Maia entries with incorrect language header",
"Maia lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"wet"
],
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dumb"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of dumb"
],
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumhet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummere",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummest",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummeste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "dummest",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "dummeste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "dumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "dumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "dummere",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, silly"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"silly",
"silly#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "dummast",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "dummaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "dumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "dumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "dummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, silly"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid#English"
],
[
"silly",
"silly#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dumː/"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: dun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dumet",
"3": "dumect",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dumet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dumet",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "deumet"
},
"expansion": "deumet",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dumet, deumet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duvet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duvet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: duvet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "non",
"3": "dúnn",
"t": "down, feathers"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūnaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down"
},
"expansion": "English down",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Daun"
},
"expansion": "German Daun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Old French terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down#English:_feathers"
],
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"sleeping bag",
"sleeping bag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dun"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "um"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "daum"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish noun forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of daum"
],
"links": [
[
"daum",
"daum#Old Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "adum-dum"
},
{
"word": "adum-duman"
},
{
"word": "adūm"
},
{
"word": "aṅdum"
},
{
"word": "aṅdūmakĕn"
},
{
"word": "aṅdūmi"
},
{
"word": "dinum"
},
{
"word": "dinum-duman"
},
{
"word": "dinūmakĕn"
},
{
"word": "dinūman"
},
{
"word": "dum-duman"
},
{
"word": "dūman"
},
{
"word": "kaduman"
},
{
"word": "padūm"
},
{
"word": "paṅdum"
},
{
"word": "adum para"
},
{
"word": "aṅadum-parani"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦢꦸꦩ꧀"
},
"expansion": "Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "ᬤᬸᬫ᭄",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "dum"
},
"expansion": "→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*t₁um",
"t": "collection, accumulation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ដុំ",
"t": "loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjm",
"2": "ḍaum",
"t": "group"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Javanese lemmas",
"Old Javanese nouns",
"Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Javanese terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"part"
],
"links": [
[
"part",
"part"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʊm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dūm"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "dum f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of duma"
],
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "d'um"
},
"expansion": "d'um",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "de",
"t": "of"
},
"expansion": "de (“of”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "um",
"pos": "masculine singular indefinite article",
"t": "a"
},
"expansion": "um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "duns",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "contraction",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“of/from a (masculine)”)",
"word": "de um"
}
],
"categories": [
"Portuguese contractions",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of de um (“of/from a (masculine)”)."
],
"links": [
[
"de",
"de#Portuguese"
],
[
"um",
"um#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd‿ũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd‿ũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "d'um"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Saterland Frisian adjectives",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Dumstolt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian dumb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "dumb",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stupid; dumb"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hoolich"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blindly"
],
"links": [
[
"blindly",
"blindly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dizzy"
],
"links": [
[
"dizzy",
"dizzy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Swedish terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dum i huvudet"
},
{
"word": "dum i skallen"
},
{
"word": "dumbom"
},
{
"word": "dumdristig"
},
{
"word": "dumdryg"
},
{
"word": "dumhet"
},
{
"word": "dumhuvud"
},
{
"word": "dumskalle"
},
{
"word": "är huvudet dumt får kroppen lida"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "dumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish dumber",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "dumbr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dumbr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Danish dum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dumbur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dumbur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "English dumb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "German dumm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "dummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "dummare",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "dummast",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dumma"
},
"expansion": "dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You're not as stupid as you look",
"text": "Du är inte så dum som du ser ut",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid, dumb"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.",
"text": "Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)",
"text": "En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causing trouble or annoyance"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"annoyance",
"annoyance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish childish terms",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He was mean to me!",
"text": "Han var dum mot mig!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mom told Olle to stop being naughty",
"text": "Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.\nI shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty"
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"misbehaving",
"misbehaving"
],
[
"naughty",
"naughty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty"
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɵmː/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-dum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Sv-dum.ogg/Sv-dum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Sv-dum.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دم",
"tr": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Persian دم (dom)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Persian دم (dom).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Talysh",
"lang_code": "tly",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Talysh entries with incorrect language header",
"Talysh lemmas",
"Talysh nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"tail"
],
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "duration, continuity",
"word": "ddwam"
},
{
"english": "eternal",
"word": "ddaym"
},
{
"english": "always",
"word": "dima"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ary",
"3": "دام",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "dām",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic دام (dām)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "ary",
"3": "دام",
"tr": "dām"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for pronunciation in Tarifit entries",
"Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarifit intransitive verbs",
"Tarifit lemmas",
"Tarifit terms borrowed from Moroccan Arabic",
"Tarifit terms derived from Moroccan Arabic",
"Tarifit verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to last, to subsist, to perpetuate"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"subsist",
"subsist"
],
[
"perpetuate",
"perpetuate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*delem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "tsg-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tausug entries with incorrect language header",
"Tausug lemmas",
"Tausug nouns",
"Tausug terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Tausug terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"
],
"glosses": [
"night"
],
"links": [
[
"night",
"night"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-2",
"ISO 639-3",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch."
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "fa",
"3": "دم",
"tr": "dom"
},
"expansion": "Persian دم (dom)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian دم (dom).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "dumlar",
"head": "",
"sc": ""
},
"expansion": "dum (plural dumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dum (plural dumlar)",
"name": "uz-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek nouns",
"Uzbek terms derived from Persian"
],
"glosses": [
"tail"
],
"links": [
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Indefinte common singular'",
"path": [
"dum"
],
"section": "Danish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Indefinite neuter singular'",
"path": [
"dum"
],
"section": "Danish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, dum/Esperanto",
"path": [
"dum"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "dum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ",
"path": [
"dum"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.