See dum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
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{
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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3
]
],
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0,
5
]
],
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"translation": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
],
[
29,
39
]
],
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"translation": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus",
"translation": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit.",
"translation": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-TRWBuNEe",
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 21 2 45 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-rcXgtzve",
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter",
"translation": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-IwCH3tzM",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
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],
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15,
25
]
],
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"translation": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum",
"translation": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-zg-N8GHi",
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈdũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
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{
"ipa": "[ˈdum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nōndum"
}
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"lang_code": "ast",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
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"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
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"3": "often univerbized"
},
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"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "etiam dum, haud dum, vixdum, nondum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yet, now, still"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-zmMfd3v2",
"links": [
[
"yet",
"yet"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"still",
"still"
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],
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"(temporal) yet, now, still"
],
"tags": [
"temporal"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "agedum, mānedum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"do/please (e.g., stay, drink, etc.); now!"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-iUu1VPjk",
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"do",
"do"
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[
"please",
"please"
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[
"now",
"now"
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],
"qualifier": "entreating or imperative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with imperatives, entreating or imperative) do/please (e.g., stay, drink, etc.); now!"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with imperatives"
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},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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]
],
"english": "just look around",
"text": "circumspice dum",
"translation": "just look around",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, solely, just"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-JhVsIKu7",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"solely",
"solely"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "restrictive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with imperatives, restrictive) only, solely, just"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with imperatives"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ehodum; quīdum, prīmumdum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic, expresses surprize, impatience, indefiniteness, etc; yet, now"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-EOenQeck",
"links": [
[
"yet",
"yet"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with interjections or adverbs) emphatic, expresses surprize, impatience, indefiniteness, etc; yet, now"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with interjections or adverbs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
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"Latin adverbs",
"Latin conjunctions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
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"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
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{
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{
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0,
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],
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"translation": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
],
[
29,
39
]
],
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"translation": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus",
"translation": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit.",
"translation": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter",
"translation": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
25
]
],
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"translation": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum",
"translation": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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"word": "dum"
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{
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"Latin adverbs",
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
},
{
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"word": "nōndum"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
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"word": "dun"
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"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
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{
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"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
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},
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"pos": "adv",
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{
"examples": [
{
"text": "etiam dum, haud dum, vixdum, nondum"
}
],
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"yet, now, still"
],
"links": [
[
"yet",
"yet"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"still",
"still"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(temporal) yet, now, still"
],
"tags": [
"temporal"
]
},
{
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{
"text": "agedum, mānedum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"do/please (e.g., stay, drink, etc.); now!"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
],
[
"please",
"please"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"qualifier": "entreating or imperative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with imperatives, entreating or imperative) do/please (e.g., stay, drink, etc.); now!"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with imperatives"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "just look around",
"text": "circumspice dum",
"translation": "just look around",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, solely, just"
],
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"solely",
"solely"
],
[
"just",
"just"
]
],
"qualifier": "restrictive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with imperatives, restrictive) only, solely, just"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with imperatives"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ehodum; quīdum, prīmumdum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic, expresses surprize, impatience, indefiniteness, etc; yet, now"
],
"links": [
[
"yet",
"yet"
],
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with interjections or adverbs) emphatic, expresses surprize, impatience, indefiniteness, etc; yet, now"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with interjections or adverbs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dum meaning in Latin (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.