See dum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-TRWBuNEe",
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 6 2 21 2 0 2 3 0 25 1 14 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-rcXgtzve",
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-IwCH3tzM",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 6 2 21 2 0 2 3 0 25 1 14 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-conj-zg-N8GHi",
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "dum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: dum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 6 2 21 2 0 2 3 0 25 1 14 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 5 1 21 2 0 1 2 0 29 1 16 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 28 1 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"word": "nōndum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for a while, still"
],
"id": "en-dum-la-adv-tJJi4wFP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old Latin) for a while, still"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin conjunctions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dum interim"
},
{
"word": "dummodo"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.",
"text": "Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)",
"text": "dum erunt hominēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285",
"roman": "singula dum capti circumvectamur amore",
"text": "fugit inreparabile tempus"
},
{
"english": "While I speak, the hour flees away.",
"ref": "16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15",
"text": "Dum loquor, hōra fugit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"whilst",
"whilst"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"meanwhile",
"meanwhile"
],
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "interea"
},
{
"word": "interim"
},
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating coincidence of duration"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quamdiū"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326",
"roman": "dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”",
"text": "“Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"enough",
"enough"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with expectancy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let them hate, so long as they fear.",
"text": "Oderint, dum metuant.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4",
"text": "tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"links": [
[
"as long as",
"as long as"
],
[
"so long as",
"so long as"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that"
],
"raw_tags": [
"indicating duration with contingency"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dummodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin conjunctions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin subordinating conjunctions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agedum"
},
{
"word": "dūdum"
},
{
"word": "interdum"
},
{
"word": "mānedum"
},
{
"word": "nōndum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "dum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: dum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dūm",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"3": "*-m",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix",
"t1": "long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "dum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"for a while, still"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old Latin) for a while, still"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "dum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dum meaning in Latin (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.