See dum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: dun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dumet",
"3": "dumect",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dumet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dumet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dumet, deumet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duvet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duvet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: duvet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "non",
"3": "dúnn",
"t": "down, feathers"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūnaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down"
},
"expansion": "English down",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Daun"
},
"expansion": "German Daun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags"
],
"id": "en-dum-fro-noun-E25GRQSE",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down#English:_feathers"
],
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"sleeping bag",
"sleeping bag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: dun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: dun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dùn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dumet",
"3": "dumect",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dumet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dumet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dumet, deumet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duvet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "French: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duvet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duvet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "duvet"
},
"expansion": "Norman: duvet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: duvet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "non",
"3": "dúnn",
"t": "down, feathers"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dūnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dūnaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down"
},
"expansion": "English down",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Daun"
},
"expansion": "German Daun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "dum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Old French terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down#English:_feathers"
],
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"duvet",
"duvet"
],
[
"sleeping bag",
"sleeping bag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "dum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dum meaning in Old French (2.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.