"idiotyczny" meaning in Polish

See idiotyczny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /i.djɔˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘ/
Rhymes: -ɘt͡ʂnɘ Etymology: Internationalism; compare English idiotic, French idiotique, German idiotisch, ultimately from Latin idiōticus. By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny. Etymology templates: {{intnat|pl}} Internationalism, {{cog|en|idiotic}} English idiotic, {{cog|fr|idiotique}} French idiotique, {{cog|de|idiotisch}} German idiotisch, {{der|pl|la|idiōticus}} Latin idiōticus, {{surf|pl|idiota|-yczny}} By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny Head templates: {{pl-adj|peri|adv=idiotycznie}} idiotyczny (comparative bardziej idiotyczny, superlative najbardziej idiotyczny, derived adverb idiotycznie) Inflection templates: {{pl-adecl}} Forms: bardziej idiotyczny [comparative], najbardziej idiotyczny [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], idiotyczny [masculine, nominative, singular], idiotyczna [feminine, nominative, singular], idiotyczne [neuter, nominative, singular], idiotyczni [nominative, plural, virile], idiotyczne [error-unrecognized-form, nominative, plural], idiotycznego [genitive, masculine, singular], idiotycznej [feminine, genitive, singular], idiotycznego [genitive, neuter, singular], idiotycznych [error-unrecognized-form, genitive, plural], idiotycznych [genitive, plural, virile], idiotycznemu [dative, masculine, singular], idiotycznej [dative, feminine, singular], idiotycznemu [dative, neuter, singular], idiotycznym [dative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], idiotycznym [dative, plural, virile], idiotycznego [accusative, animate, masculine, singular], idiotyczny [accusative, inanimate, masculine, singular], idiotyczną [accusative, feminine, singular], idiotyczne [accusative, neuter, singular], idiotycznych [accusative, plural, virile], idiotyczne [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], idiotycznym [instrumental, masculine, singular], idiotyczną [feminine, instrumental, singular], idiotycznym [instrumental, neuter, singular], idiotycznymi [error-unrecognized-form, instrumental, plural], idiotycznymi [instrumental, plural, virile], idiotycznym [locative, masculine, singular], idiotycznej [feminine, locative, singular], idiotycznym [locative, neuter, singular], idiotycznych [error-unrecognized-form, locative, plural], idiotycznych [locative, plural, virile]
  1. (colloquial, derogatory) absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical Tags: colloquial, derogatory Synonyms: bezsensowny, debilny, debilowaty, kretyński
    Sense id: en-idiotyczny-pl-adj-7yZUogDc Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish internationalisms, Polish terms suffixed with -yczny Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 100 0 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 88 12 Disambiguation of Polish internationalisms: 91 9 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -yczny: 88 12
  2. (colloquial, derogatory) idiotic (very foolish) Tags: colloquial, derogatory Synonyms: debilny, głupi, kretyński
    Sense id: en-idiotyczny-pl-adj-KUa5qyRw
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: idiotyczność Related terms: idiotowaty, idioctwo, idiota, idioteczka, idiotka, idiotyzm, idiocieć [imperfective], idiotyzować [imperfective], zidiocieć [perfective], zidiotyzować [perfective]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idiotyczność"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Internationalism",
      "name": "intnat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "idiotic"
      },
      "expansion": "English idiotic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "idiotique"
      },
      "expansion": "French idiotique",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "idiotisch"
      },
      "expansion": "German idiotisch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "idiōticus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin idiōticus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "idiota",
        "3": "-yczny"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Internationalism; compare English idiotic, French idiotique, German idiotisch, ultimately from Latin idiōticus. By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bardziej idiotyczny",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "najbardziej idiotyczny",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peri",
        "adv": "idiotycznie"
      },
      "expansion": "idiotyczny (comparative bardziej idiotyczny, superlative najbardziej idiotyczny, derived adverb idiotycznie)",
      "name": "pl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "i‧dio‧tycz‧ny"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idiotowaty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idioctwo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idiota"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idioteczka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idiotka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "idiotyzm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "idiocieć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "idiotyzować"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zidiocieć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zidiotyzować"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish internationalisms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -yczny",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical"
      ],
      "id": "en-idiotyczny-pl-adj-7yZUogDc",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "absurd",
          "absurd"
        ],
        [
          "ludicrous",
          "ludicrous"
        ],
        [
          "nonsensical",
          "nonsensical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, derogatory) absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezsensowny"
        },
        {
          "word": "debilny"
        },
        {
          "word": "debilowaty"
        },
        {
          "word": "kretyński"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "idiotic (very foolish)"
      ],
      "id": "en-idiotyczny-pl-adj-KUa5qyRw",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "idiotic",
          "idiotic"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, derogatory) idiotic (very foolish)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "debilny"
        },
        {
          "word": "głupi"
        },
        {
          "word": "kretyński"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.djɔˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘt͡ʂnɘ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "idiotyczny"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 4-syllable words",
    "Polish adjectives",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish hard adjectives",
    "Polish internationalisms",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms derived from Latin",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -yczny",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘt͡ʂnɘ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘt͡ʂnɘ/4 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "idiotyczność"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl"
      },
      "expansion": "Internationalism",
      "name": "intnat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "idiotic"
      },
      "expansion": "English idiotic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "idiotique"
      },
      "expansion": "French idiotique",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "idiotisch"
      },
      "expansion": "German idiotisch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "idiōticus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin idiōticus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "idiota",
        "3": "-yczny"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Internationalism; compare English idiotic, French idiotique, German idiotisch, ultimately from Latin idiōticus. By surface analysis, idiota + -yczny.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bardziej idiotyczny",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "najbardziej idiotyczny",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotyczną",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "idiotycznych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peri",
        "adv": "idiotycznie"
      },
      "expansion": "idiotyczny (comparative bardziej idiotyczny, superlative najbardziej idiotyczny, derived adverb idiotycznie)",
      "name": "pl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "i‧dio‧tycz‧ny"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "idiotowaty"
    },
    {
      "word": "idioctwo"
    },
    {
      "word": "idiota"
    },
    {
      "word": "idioteczka"
    },
    {
      "word": "idiotka"
    },
    {
      "word": "idiotyzm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "idiocieć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "idiotyzować"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zidiocieć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zidiotyzować"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "absurd",
          "absurd"
        ],
        [
          "ludicrous",
          "ludicrous"
        ],
        [
          "nonsensical",
          "nonsensical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, derogatory) absurd, ludicrous, nonsensical"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezsensowny"
        },
        {
          "word": "debilny"
        },
        {
          "word": "debilowaty"
        },
        {
          "word": "kretyński"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "idiotic (very foolish)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "idiotic",
          "idiotic"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, derogatory) idiotic (very foolish)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "debilny"
        },
        {
          "word": "głupi"
        },
        {
          "word": "kretyński"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/i.djɔˈtɘt͡ʂ.nɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘt͡ʂnɘ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "idiotyczny"
}

Download raw JSONL data for idiotyczny meaning in Polish (6.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb idiotycznie",
  "path": [
    "idiotyczny"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "idiotyczny",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
  "path": [
    "idiotyczny"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "idiotyczny",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.