See dumb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom",
"3": "domme"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dom, domme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dom, domme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: dum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: dumm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: dumm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "dump"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: dump",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: dump"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tumb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbiʀō",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*dumbiʀō",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*dumbist"
},
"expansion": "*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumbēn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dumb, mute"
],
"id": "en-dumb-gmw-pro-adj-Nn9nAXSu",
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stumm"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "dumbēn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dumb\nMiddle English: dumb\nScots: dumb\nEnglish: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dom",
"3": "domme"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dom, domme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dom, domme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: dum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dom"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "dumb"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: dumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: dumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dumm"
},
"expansion": "Low German: dumm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: dumm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "dump"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: dump",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: dump"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tumb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tumb\nMiddle High German: tump\nGerman: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)\nHunsrik: dumm\nLuxembourgish: domm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dumbaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dumbiʀō",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbist",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*dumbiʀō",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*dumbist"
},
"expansion": "*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Muteness"
],
"glosses": [
"dumb, mute"
],
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stumm"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dumb meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.