See vulgar on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vulgar meaning in All languages combined (42.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Vulgar Latin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgar Marxism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Vulgar Era"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volgus"
},
"expansion": "volgus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulgus",
"3": "",
"4": "mob; common folk"
},
"expansion": "vulgus (“mob; common folk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰλέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vulgar",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vulgar",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarity"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a truly vulgar showing of affection",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar and highly distressing scenes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society., volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217",
"text": "Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 28, Robert Armstrong, “The world wobbles; the luxury industry strides on”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21",
"text": "Several years ago I interviewed the CEO of a car manufacturer whose products start in the six figures. He told me his customers could always afford to buy his cars, but in recessions they found it vulgar to do so.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-oml4tUVA",
"links": [
[
"Debased",
"debased"
],
[
"uncouth",
"uncouth"
],
[
"distasteful",
"distasteful"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "inappropriate"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "obscene"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "debased"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "uncouth"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "offensive"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "profane"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "onbeskaaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ongepoets"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "platvloers"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgêr"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bazīʔ",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بذىء"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kopit",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "կոպիտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vulʹhárny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рны"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njeprystójny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непрысто́йны"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulgáren",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вулга́рен"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprilíčen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristóen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "鄙俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "粗俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgární"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sprostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "obskøn"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "uanstændig"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviala"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "rivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaari"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "alatyylinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sivistymätön"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscène"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxeši",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უხეში"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulgaruli",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ვულგარული"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uḳmexi",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უკმეხი"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdare",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "მდარე"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unfein"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungebildet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamains",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chydaíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "χυδαίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próstychos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "πρόστυχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agoraíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "αγοραίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phortikós",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "φορτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vulgári",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ווּלְגָרִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hamoní",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֲמוֹנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "valgar",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "वल्गर"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अश्लील"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "közönséges"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "otromba"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "trágár"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgáris"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "cabul"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kotor"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "jorok"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "tak senonoh"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "osceno"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviale"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "卑しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitanai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "汚い"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "šikšíl"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rakik",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "رکیک"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobtazal",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "مبتذل"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "wulgarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceno"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "póšlyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "по́шлый"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "anārya",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अनार्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaren"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ramplón"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär (sv)"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aślīlamu",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "అశ్లీలము"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yàap-kaai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "หยาบคาย"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kaba"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vulʹhárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рний"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "neprystójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "Vulgate"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of Dr. Hammond",
"text": "It might be more useful to the English reader […] to write in our vulgar language.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1860, G. Syffarth, “A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York”, in Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, page 265",
"text": "Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-Vp3aS3CZ",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "common"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "ordinary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "algemeen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šáʕbi",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعبى"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostonaroden",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонароден"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "píngmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民的"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎixìng de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "百姓的"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "lidový"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "simpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinær"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "plat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemeen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "kansanomainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "rahvaanomainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇ovelta",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "საყოველთა"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "glexuri",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "გლეხური"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "allgemein"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinär"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "Volks-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volkstümlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "heimin no",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民の"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shominteki na",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的な"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comum"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comun"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródnyj",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонаро́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ljudski"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbel-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbelaktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 65 10 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar bush brown (Bicyclus vulgaris)"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85",
"text": "A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-fsB8ByXo",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 9 42 1 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 30 13 39 2 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Mary Jane Sterling, Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies, page 282",
"text": "A fraction is vulgar if it has one integer divided by another integer, as long as the integer that's doing the dividing isn't equal to zero.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-XgT3AzAG",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vulgar fraction",
"vulgar fraction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "13 30 10 38 0 0 9",
"sense": "early modern English",
"word": "vulgare"
}
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volgus"
},
"expansion": "volgus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulgus",
"3": "",
"4": "mob; common folk"
},
"expansion": "vulgus (“mob; common folk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰλέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar (plural vulgars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830",
"text": "Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A common, ordinary person."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-noun-5nHeha1L",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) A common, ordinary person."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 27 7 1 0 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common people."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-noun-YhYCnk3g",
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) The common people."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1623, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True Originall Copies, London, act 5, scene 1, page 204, Internet Shakespeare Editions",
"text": "Therefore you Clowne, abandon: which is in the vulgar, leaue the societie: which in the boorish, is companie, of this female: which in the common, is woman: which together, is, abandon the society of this Female, […]\n(Or in a modern form: Therefore, you clown, abandon—which is in the vulgar, “leave”—the society—which in the boorish is “company”—of this female—which in the common is “woman”—which together is: abandon the society of this female, […])",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vernacular tongue or common language of a country."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-noun-huBmURVj",
"links": [
[
"vernacular",
"vernacular"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgars",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgars)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vulgarment"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-ca-adj-hRf84Lsh",
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaritat"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣar]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vulˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vulˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgaridade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgarismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgarmente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common to the people, vulgar"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-gl-adj-GC3yd1iG",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, undistinguished"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-gl-adj-AEfv3Ik3",
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"undistinguished",
"undistinguished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prosaico"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "científico"
},
{
"word": "técnico"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 36 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-gl-adj-h0ZJLmEA",
"links": [
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "común"
},
{
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 36 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple, unintelligent"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-gl-adj-Pn-2YsH0",
"links": [
[
"simple",
"simple"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣaɾ]"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vulgar m (plural vulgares)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 36 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar (the vernacular tongue or common language of a country)"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-gl-noun-aZ17oLdl",
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣaɾ]"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vul‧gar"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgaridade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgarismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common to the people, vulgar"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-pt-adj-GC3yd1iG",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, undistinguished"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-pt-adj-AEfv3Ik3",
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"undistinguished",
"undistinguished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prosaico"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "científico"
},
{
"word": "técnico"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 52 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-pt-adj-h0ZJLmEA",
"links": [
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "comum"
},
{
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 52 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple, unintelligent"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-pt-adj-Pn-2YsH0",
"links": [
[
"simple",
"simple"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡah]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡah]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaɾ]",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaχ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaɻ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaɻ]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[buɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡa.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣa.ɾi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vulgaire",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French vulgaire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vulgaire"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French vulgaire",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgaris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgaris",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French vulgaire, Latin vulgaris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgară",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-adj-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgară",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "vulgar m or n (feminine singular vulgară, masculine plural vulgari, feminine and neuter plural vulgare)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vulgar",
"10": "vulgarei",
"11": "vulgarelor",
"12": "vulgarilor",
"2": "vulgară",
"3": "vulgari",
"4": "vulgare",
"5": "vulgarul",
"6": "vulgara",
"7": "vulgarii",
"8": "vulgarele",
"9": "vulgarului"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-ro-adj-hRf84Lsh",
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vulg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"word": "comun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡar/"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgares)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vul‧gar"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "latín vulgar"
},
{
"word": "pinzón vulgar"
},
{
"word": "vulgarísimo"
},
{
"word": "vulgarmente"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"id": "en-vulgar-es-adj-hRf84Lsh",
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaridad"
},
{
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bulˈɡaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣ̞aɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "vulgarment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgars",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgars)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaritat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣar]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vulˈɣa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vulˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarity"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarian"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgate"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "Vulgate"
},
{
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"word": "Vulgar Latin"
},
{
"word": "vulgar Marxism"
},
{
"word": "Vulgar Era"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volgus"
},
"expansion": "volgus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulgus",
"3": "",
"4": "mob; common folk"
},
"expansion": "vulgus (“mob; common folk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰλέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vulgar",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vulgar",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a truly vulgar showing of affection",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar and highly distressing scenes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society., volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217",
"text": "Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 28, Robert Armstrong, “The world wobbles; the luxury industry strides on”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21",
"text": "Several years ago I interviewed the CEO of a car manufacturer whose products start in the six figures. He told me his customers could always afford to buy his cars, but in recessions they found it vulgar to do so.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene."
],
"links": [
[
"Debased",
"debased"
],
[
"uncouth",
"uncouth"
],
[
"distasteful",
"distasteful"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of Dr. Hammond",
"text": "It might be more useful to the English reader […] to write in our vulgar language.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1860, G. Syffarth, “A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York”, in Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, page 265",
"text": "Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar bush brown (Bicyclus vulgaris)"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85",
"text": "A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Mary Jane Sterling, Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies, page 282",
"text": "A fraction is vulgar if it has one integer divided by another integer, as long as the integer that's doing the dividing isn't equal to zero.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vulgar fraction",
"vulgar fraction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "inappropriate"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "obscene"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "debased"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "uncouth"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "offensive"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "profane"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "common"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "ordinary"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"sense": "early modern English",
"word": "vulgare"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "onbeskaaf"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ongepoets"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "platvloers"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgêr"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bazīʔ",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بذىء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kopit",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "կոպիտ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vulʹhárny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рны"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njeprystójny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непрысто́йны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulgáren",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вулга́рен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprilíčen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristóen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́ен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "鄙俗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "粗俗"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgární"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sprostý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "obskøn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "uanstændig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviala"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "rivo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "alatyylinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sivistymätön"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscène"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxeši",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უხეში"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulgaruli",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ვულგარული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uḳmexi",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უკმეხი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdare",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "მდარე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unfein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungebildet"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamains",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chydaíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "χυδαίος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próstychos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "πρόστυχος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agoraíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "αγοραίος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phortikós",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "φορτικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vulgári",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ווּלְגָרִי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hamoní",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֲמוֹנִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "valgar",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "वल्गर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अश्लील"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "közönséges"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "otromba"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "trágár"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgáris"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "cabul"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kotor"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "jorok"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "tak senonoh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "osceno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "卑しい"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitanai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "汚い"
},
{
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "šikšíl"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rakik",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "رکیک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobtazal",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "مبتذل"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceniczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "wulgarny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscen"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "póšlyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "по́шлый"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "anārya",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अनार्य"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaren"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ramplón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär (sv)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aślīlamu",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "అశ్లీలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yàap-kaai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "หยาบคาย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kaba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vulʹhárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "neprystójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йний"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "algemeen"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šáʕbi",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعبى"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostonaroden",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонароден"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "píngmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎixìng de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "百姓的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "lidový"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "simpel"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gemen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "plat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemeen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "kansanomainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "rahvaanomainen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇ovelta",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "საყოველთა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "glexuri",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "გლეხური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "allgemein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "Volks-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volkstümlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "heimin no",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shominteki na",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的な"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comun"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródnyj",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонаро́дный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ljudski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbel-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbelaktig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemen"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volgus"
},
"expansion": "volgus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulgus",
"3": "",
"4": "mob; common folk"
},
"expansion": "vulgus (“mob; common folk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰλέω",
"3": "",
"4": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar (plural vulgars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830",
"text": "Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A common, ordinary person."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) A common, ordinary person."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The common people."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) The common people."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1623, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True Originall Copies, London, act 5, scene 1, page 204, Internet Shakespeare Editions",
"text": "Therefore you Clowne, abandon: which is in the vulgar, leaue the societie: which in the boorish, is companie, of this female: which in the common, is woman: which together, is, abandon the society of this Female, […]\n(Or in a modern form: Therefore, you clown, abandon—which is in the vulgar, “leave”—the society—which in the boorish is “company”—of this female—which in the common is “woman”—which together is: abandon the society of this female, […])",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vernacular tongue or common language of a country."
],
"links": [
[
"vernacular",
"vernacular"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "early modern English",
"word": "vulgare"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaridade"
},
{
"word": "vulgarismo"
},
{
"word": "vulgarmente"
},
{
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common to the people, vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, undistinguished"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"undistinguished",
"undistinguished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prosaico"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "científico"
},
{
"word": "técnico"
}
],
"glosses": [
"popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical"
],
"links": [
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "común"
},
{
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"simple, unintelligent"
],
"links": [
[
"simple",
"simple"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣaɾ]"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vulgar m (plural vulgares)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vulgar (the vernacular tongue or common language of a country)"
],
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣaɾ]"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vul‧gar"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaridade"
},
{
"word": "vulgarismo"
},
{
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"common to the people, vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, undistinguished"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"undistinguished",
"undistinguished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prosaico"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "científico"
},
{
"word": "técnico"
}
],
"glosses": [
"popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical"
],
"links": [
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"technical",
"technical"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "comum"
},
{
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"simple, unintelligent"
],
"links": [
[
"simple",
"simple"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡah]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡah]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaɾ]",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaʁ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaχ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vuwˈɡaɻ/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuʊ̯ˈɡaɻ]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bulˈɡaɾ/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[buɫˈɣaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡa.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vuɫˈɣa.ɾi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vulgaire",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French vulgaire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vulgaire"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French vulgaire",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgaris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgaris",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French vulgaire, Latin vulgaris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgară",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-adj-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgară",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "vulgar m or n (feminine singular vulgară, masculine plural vulgari, feminine and neuter plural vulgare)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vulgar",
"10": "vulgarei",
"11": "vulgarelor",
"12": "vulgarilor",
"2": "vulgară",
"3": "vulgari",
"4": "vulgare",
"5": "vulgarul",
"6": "vulgara",
"7": "vulgarii",
"8": "vulgarele",
"9": "vulgarului"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulg"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"word": "comun"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vulˈɡar/"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "latín vulgar"
},
{
"word": "pinzón vulgar"
},
{
"word": "vulgarísimo"
},
{
"word": "vulgarmente"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vulgāris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgares",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgares)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vul‧gar"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vulgaridad"
},
{
"word": "vulgo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bulˈɡaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bulˈɣ̞aɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"called_from": "page/2386",
"msg": "inconsistent language codes sv vs es in translation item: 't+' {1: 'es', 2: 'chabacano'}",
"path": [
"vulgar",
"t+"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vulgar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.