See vulgar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Vulgar Latin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vulgar Marxism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Vulgar Era"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vulgar",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vulgar",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 8 31 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 13 31 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 8 37 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gujarati translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 9 31 2 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 16 28 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 27 10 30 1 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 31 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 10 32 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 32 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarity"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a truly vulgar showing of affection",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar and highly distressing scenes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society., volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217:",
"text": "Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 28, Robert Armstrong, “The world wobbles; the luxury industry strides on”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21:",
"text": "Several years ago I interviewed the CEO of a car manufacturer whose products start in the six figures. He told me his customers could always afford to buy his cars, but in recessions they found it vulgar to do so.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Debased; uncouth; distasteful; obscene."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-gm~XqMbm",
"links": [
[
"Debased",
"debased"
],
[
"uncouth",
"uncouth"
],
[
"distasteful",
"distasteful"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "inappropriate"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "obscene"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "debased"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "uncouth"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "offensive"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 1 1",
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "profane"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "onbeskaaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ongepoets"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "platvloers"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgêr"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bazīʔ",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بذىء"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kopit",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "կոպիտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vulʹhárny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рны"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njeprystójny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непрысто́йны"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulgáren",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вулга́рен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprilíčen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristóen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "鄙俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "粗俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgární"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sprostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "obskøn"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "uanstændig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviala"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "rivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaari"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "alatyylinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sivistymätön"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscène"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxeši",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უხეში"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulgaruli",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ვულგარული"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uḳmexi",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უკმეხი"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdare",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "მდარე"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unfein"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungebildet"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamains",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chydaíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "χυδαίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próstychos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "πρόστυχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agoraíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "αγοραίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phortikós",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "φορτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "અશ્લીલ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bībhats",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "બીભત્સ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vulgári",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ווּלְגָרִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hamoní",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֲמוֹנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "valgar",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "वल्गर"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अश्लील"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "közönséges"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "otromba"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "trágár"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgáris"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "cabul"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kotor"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "jorok"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "tak senonoh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "osceno"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviale"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "卑しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitanai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "汚い"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "šikšíl"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rakik",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "رکیک"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobtazal",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "مبتذل"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "wulgarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceno"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "póšlyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "по́шлый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "anārya",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अनार्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ramplón"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär (sv)"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aślīlamu",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "అశ్లీలము"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yàap-kaai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "หยาบคาย"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kaba"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vulʹhárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рний"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 3 1 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "neprystójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 8 31 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 13 31 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 8 37 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gujarati translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 9 31 2 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 16 28 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 27 10 30 1 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 9 26 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 31 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 10 32 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 32 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "Vulgate"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of Dr. Hammond:",
"text": "It might be more useful to the English reader […] to write in our vulgar language.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:",
"text": "The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, G. Syffarth, “A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York”, in Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, page 265:",
"text": "Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-Vp3aS3CZ",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "common"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "ordinary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 66 34 0",
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "popular"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "algemeen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šáʕbi",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعبى"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostonaroden",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонароден"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "píngmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民的"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎixìng de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "百姓的"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "lidový"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "simpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinær"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "plat"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemeen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "kansanomainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "rahvaanomainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇ovelta",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "საყოველთა"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "glexuri",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "გლეხური"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "allgemein"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinär"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "Volks-"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volkstümlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "heimin no",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民の"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shominteki na",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的な"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comum"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comun"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródnyj",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонаро́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ljudski"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbel-"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbelaktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 60 9 26",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 13 31 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 16 28 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 27 10 30 1 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 31 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 11 32 2 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar bush brown (Bicyclus vulgaris)"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85:",
"text": "A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-adj-fsB8ByXo",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 17 29 3 3 16",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 9",
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"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 8 31 2 6 10",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 13 31 2 6 10",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 13 26 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 27 10 40 1 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 29 8 37 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 11 27 14 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 27 12 38 1 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 8 37 1 1 9",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 28 9 38 2 2 10",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 23 13 33 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 23 13 34 2 2 9",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 21 9 26 14 5 8",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 26 8 35 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 13 37 1 1 11",
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"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 11 26 13 5 9",
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{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 8",
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},
{
"_dis": "10 29 8 40 2 2 10",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 29 8 40 2 2 10",
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},
{
"_dis": "10 27 12 38 2 2 9",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 16 29 1 1 11",
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "6 30 10 43 1 2 8",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 16 28 1 5 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 9",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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{
"_dis": "16 27 10 30 1 6 9",
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{
"_dis": "13 27 9 33 2 7 10",
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{
"_dis": "10 29 8 40 2 2 10",
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 9 26 15 5 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 31 10 41 1 1 8",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 11 32 1 6 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 26 10 32 2 7 10",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 7 26 15 5 8",
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},
{
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{
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{
"ref": "2022, Mary Jane Sterling, Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies, page 282:",
"text": "A fraction is vulgar if it has one integer divided by another integer, as long as the integer that's doing the dividing isn't equal to zero.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"Being a vulgar fraction."
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[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
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[
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"vulgar fraction"
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"(mathematics) Being a vulgar fraction."
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{
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"sense": "early modern English",
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}
],
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"sciences"
]
}
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"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
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{
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"tags": [
"US"
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{
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
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"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "16 22 7 26 15 5 8",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"ref": "2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830:",
"text": "Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A common, ordinary person."
],
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[
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"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) A common, ordinary person."
],
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"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
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{
"_dis": "25 26 7 1 0 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
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"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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"(collective) The common people."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"ref": "1623, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True Originall Copies, London, act 5, scene 1, page 204, Internet Shakespeare Editions:",
"text": "Therefore you Clowne, abandon: which is in the vulgar, leaue the societie: which in the boorish, is companie, of this female: which in the common, is woman: which together, is, abandon the society of this Female, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vernacular tongue or common language of a country."
],
"id": "en-vulgar-en-noun-huBmURVj",
"links": [
[
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"vernacular"
]
]
}
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},
{
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"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lakota translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarity"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "vulgarian"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "vulgate"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "Vulgate"
},
{
"word": "vulgar fraction"
},
{
"word": "Vulgar Latin"
},
{
"word": "vulgar Marxism"
},
{
"word": "Vulgar Era"
}
],
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"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
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},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
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{
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"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vulgar",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vulgar",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "vulgarest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar language",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar words",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a truly vulgar showing of affection",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vulgar and highly distressing scenes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society., volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217:",
"text": "Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 28, Robert Armstrong, “The world wobbles; the luxury industry strides on”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21:",
"text": "Several years ago I interviewed the CEO of a car manufacturer whose products start in the six figures. He told me his customers could always afford to buy his cars, but in recessions they found it vulgar to do so.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Debased; uncouth; distasteful; obscene."
],
"links": [
[
"Debased",
"debased"
],
[
"uncouth",
"uncouth"
],
[
"distasteful",
"distasteful"
],
[
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"obscene"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of Dr. Hammond:",
"text": "It might be more useful to the English reader […] to write in our vulgar language.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:",
"text": "The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, G. Syffarth, “A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York”, in Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, page 265:",
"text": "Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) Having to do with ordinary, common people."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vulgar bush brown (Bicyclus vulgaris)"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85:",
"text": "A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Mary Jane Sterling, Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies, page 282:",
"text": "A fraction is vulgar if it has one integer divided by another integer, as long as the integer that's doing the dividing isn't equal to zero.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vulgar fraction",
"vulgar fraction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Being a vulgar fraction."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "inappropriate"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "obscene"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "debased"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "uncouth"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "offensive"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "mean"
},
{
"sense": "obscene",
"word": "profane"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "common"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "ordinary"
},
{
"sense": "ordinary",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"sense": "early modern English",
"word": "vulgare"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "onbeskaaf"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ongepoets"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "platvloers"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgêr"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bazīʔ",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بذىء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kopit",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "կոպիտ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vulʹhárny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рны"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njeprystójny",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непрысто́йны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vulgáren",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вулга́рен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neprilíčen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepristóen",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́ен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "鄙俗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūsú",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "粗俗"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgární"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sprostý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "obskøn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "uanstændig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviala"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "rivo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"topics": [
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "alatyylinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "sivistymätön"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscène"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxeši",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უხეში"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vulgaruli",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ვულგარული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uḳmexi",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "უკმეხი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdare",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "მდარე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unfein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungebildet"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "unanständig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "gamains",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chydaíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "χυδαίος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próstychos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "πρόστυχος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agoraíos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "αγοραίος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phortikós",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "φορτικός"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "અશ્લીલ"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bībhats",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "બીભત્સ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "vulgári",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ווּלְגָרִי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hamoní",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "הֲמוֹנִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "valgar",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "वल्गर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aślīl",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अश्लील"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "közönséges"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "otromba"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "trágár"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgáris"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "cabul"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kotor"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "jorok"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "tak senonoh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "osceno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "triviale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "卑しい"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitanai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "汚い"
},
{
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "šikšíl"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rakik",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "رکیک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobtazal",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "مبتذل"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceniczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "wulgarny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obsceno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "indecente"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "obscen"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vulʹgárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepristójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprilíčnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "неприли́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "póšlyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "по́шлый"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "anārya",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "अनार्य"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgaren"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "ramplón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "vulgär (sv)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "chabacano"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aślīlamu",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "అశ్లీలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yàap-kaai",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "หยาบคาย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "kaba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vulʹhárnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "вульга́рний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "neprystójnyj",
"sense": "distasteful, uncouth, obscene",
"word": "непристо́йний"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "algemeen"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šáʕbi",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعبى"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostonaroden",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонароден"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "píngmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùmín de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎixìng de",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "百姓的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "lidový"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "simpel"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "gemen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "plat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volks"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewoon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemeen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinair"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "kansanomainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "rahvaanomainen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇ovelta",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "საყოველთა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "glexuri",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "გლეხური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "allgemein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgär"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgärsprachlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "Volks-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "volkstümlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gewöhnlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "heimin no",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "平民の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shominteki na",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "庶民的な"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "popular"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "grosolan"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "comun"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ordinar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródnyj",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "простонаро́дный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "ljudski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "vulgar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbel-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "pöbelaktig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having to do with common people",
"word": "gemen"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lakota translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vulgare"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vulgare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vulgāris"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulgāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wl̥k-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwala",
"3": "",
"4": "plenty, sufficiency"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλία",
"3": "",
"4": "assembly"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "великъ",
"3": "",
"4": "great"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vulgars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vulgar (plural vulgars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830:",
"text": "Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A common, ordinary person."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) A common, ordinary person."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The common people."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) The common people."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1623, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True Originall Copies, London, act 5, scene 1, page 204, Internet Shakespeare Editions:",
"text": "Therefore you Clowne, abandon: which is in the vulgar, leaue the societie: which in the boorish, is companie, of this female: which in the common, is woman: which together, is, abandon the society of this Female, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vernacular tongue or common language of a country."
],
"links": [
[
"vernacular",
"vernacular"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "vŭlʹgər",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vulgar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg/En-us-vulgar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-vulgar.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "early modern English",
"word": "vulgare"
}
],
"word": "vulgar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vulgar meaning in English (30.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2386",
"msg": "inconsistent language codes sv vs es in translation item: 't+' {1: 'es', 2: 'chabacano'}",
"path": [
"vulgar",
"Template:t+",
"TEMPLATE_FN"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vulgar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.