See uncouth on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uncouthness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English uncouth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "uncūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown; unfamiliar; strange"
},
"expansion": "Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*unkunþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*unkunþaz",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *unkunþaz (“unknown”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un",
"3": "couth"
},
"expansion": "un- + couth",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English uncouth, from Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ, from Proto-Germanic *unkunþaz (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + couth. The modern pronunciation does not show /aʊ/, the usual development of the Middle English vowel from the Great Vowel Shift. It is usually explained as a pronunciation taken from Northern English dialects, which did not undergo the diphthongization of the vowel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uncouther",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more uncouth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "uncouthest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most uncouth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "uncouth (comparative uncouther or more uncouth, superlative uncouthest or most uncouth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "couth"
}
],
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], lines 882-94:",
"text": "If this uncouth\nforest yield anything savage, I will either be food for it or\nbring it for food to thee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep\nAffects me equally; nor can I like\nThis uncouth' dream, of evil sprung I fear […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1819 June 23, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Voyage”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number I, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 14:",
"text": "There was a delicious sensation of mingled security and awe with which I looked down, from my giddy height, on the monsters of the deep at their uncouth gambols.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfamiliar, strange, foreign."
],
"id": "en-uncouth-en-adj--K~V22w1",
"links": [
[
"Unfamiliar",
"unfamiliar"
],
[
"strange",
"strange"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Unfamiliar, strange, foreign."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stranen",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "странен"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "outo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "vieras"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "étranger"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forasteiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foraño"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estraio"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estanio"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alleo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "fremd"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "fremdartig"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "sonderbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "strano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "neóbičen",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "нео́бичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "underlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "estranh"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "estranho"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "esquisito"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobýčnyj",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "необы́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "underlig"
}
]
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],
"glosses": [
"Clumsy, awkward."
],
"id": "en-uncouth-en-adj-rw0byFvU",
"links": [
[
"Clumsy",
"clumsy"
],
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fremd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedodjalan",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "недодялан"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kömpelö"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarosco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farouteiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tougallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brután"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xounón"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teirugo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bestello"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bascallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldragas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrocas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldroqueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alarbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alarbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "tölpelhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "schwerfällig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "ungeschickt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "goffo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésmasen",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "не́смасен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "keitete"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "klossete"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "desajeitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neukljúžij",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "неуклю́жий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nelóvkij",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "нело́вкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepovorótlivyj",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "неповоро́тливый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "torpe"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "couth"
}
],
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 38 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I don't want to associate with uncouth people.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1699, Samuel Garth, The Dispensary, Canto IV, line 204:",
"text": "Harsh words, though pertinent, uncouth appear: / None please the fancy, who offend the ear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, James Lambert, “A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At `Hobson-Jobson'”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 27, number 1, page 58:",
"text": "If Yule found it delightful, why did Kipling find it uncouth?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 May 10, Ian Prasad Philbrick, quoting Brian Fallon, “‘We May Not Have a Full Two Years’: Democrats’ Plans Hinge on Good Health”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "“I don’t think it’s uncouth to talk about it. I think it’s a reality that has to inform the urgency with which we approach those issues.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unrefined, crude."
],
"id": "en-uncouth-en-adj-CzWTs1I9",
"links": [
[
"Unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"crude",
"crude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "impolite"
},
{
"word": "impolite"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faẓẓ",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "فَظّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bṙi",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "բռի"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nešlifovan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "нешлифован"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tökerö"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "hiomaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "hienostumaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "epähieno"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tahditon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rustre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grobschlächtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "áxestos",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άξεστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "faragatlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "csiszolatlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "aibéiseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "amhlánta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "amhchaoin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "rozzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grossolano"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "squasinodeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "horridus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "súrov",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "су́ров"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "mohoao"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "mohowao"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tūhourangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "pakirara"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ukultivert"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grossièr"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "brut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "onbeschläpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "bollboarich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neotjósannyj",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "неотёсанный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "basto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "chocarrero"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ohyfsad"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ofin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 97",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ohövlig"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌnˈkuːθ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-uncouth.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
}
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English uncouth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "uncūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown; unfamiliar; strange"
},
"expansion": "Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*unkunþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English uncouth, from Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "uncouth",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "estraunge, uncouth;\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 9, in APPENDIX",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strange"
],
"id": "en-uncouth-yol-adj-QbOrFG~Q",
"links": [
[
"strange",
"strange"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unket"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊnˈkuːθ/"
}
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms prefixed with un-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ",
"Rhymes:English/uːθ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "uncouthness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English uncouth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "uncūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown; unfamiliar; strange"
},
"expansion": "Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*unkunþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*unkunþaz",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *unkunþaz (“unknown”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un",
"3": "couth"
},
"expansion": "un- + couth",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English uncouth, from Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ, from Proto-Germanic *unkunþaz (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + couth. The modern pronunciation does not show /aʊ/, the usual development of the Middle English vowel from the Great Vowel Shift. It is usually explained as a pronunciation taken from Northern English dialects, which did not undergo the diphthongization of the vowel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uncouther",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more uncouth",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "uncouthest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most uncouth",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "uncouth (comparative uncouther or more uncouth, superlative uncouthest or most uncouth)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "couth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], lines 882-94:",
"text": "If this uncouth\nforest yield anything savage, I will either be food for it or\nbring it for food to thee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep\nAffects me equally; nor can I like\nThis uncouth' dream, of evil sprung I fear […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1819 June 23, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Voyage”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number I, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 14:",
"text": "There was a delicious sensation of mingled security and awe with which I looked down, from my giddy height, on the monsters of the deep at their uncouth gambols.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfamiliar, strange, foreign."
],
"links": [
[
"Unfamiliar",
"unfamiliar"
],
[
"strange",
"strange"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Unfamiliar, strange, foreign."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Clumsy, awkward."
],
"links": [
[
"Clumsy",
"clumsy"
],
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fremd"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "couth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I don't want to associate with uncouth people.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1699, Samuel Garth, The Dispensary, Canto IV, line 204:",
"text": "Harsh words, though pertinent, uncouth appear: / None please the fancy, who offend the ear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, James Lambert, “A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At `Hobson-Jobson'”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 27, number 1, page 58:",
"text": "If Yule found it delightful, why did Kipling find it uncouth?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 May 10, Ian Prasad Philbrick, quoting Brian Fallon, “‘We May Not Have a Full Two Years’: Democrats’ Plans Hinge on Good Health”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "“I don’t think it’s uncouth to talk about it. I think it’s a reality that has to inform the urgency with which we approach those issues.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unrefined, crude."
],
"links": [
[
"Unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"crude",
"crude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "impolite"
},
{
"word": "impolite"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌnˈkuːθ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-uncouth.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-uncouth.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stranen",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "странен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "outo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "vieras"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "étranger"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forasteiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foraño"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrano"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estraio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estanio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alleo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "fremd"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "fremdartig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "sonderbar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "strano"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "neóbičen",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "нео́бичен"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "underlig"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "estranh"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "estranho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "esquisito"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobýčnyj",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "необы́чный"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unfamiliar, strange, foreign",
"word": "underlig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedodjalan",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "недодялан"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kömpelö"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tarosco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "farouteiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tougallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brután"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xounón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teirugo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bestello"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bascallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzaco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldragas"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrocas"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldroqueiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alarbe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alarbio"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "tölpelhaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "schwerfällig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "ungeschickt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "goffo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésmasen",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "не́смасен"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "keitete"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "klossete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "desajeitado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neukljúžij",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "неуклю́жий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nelóvkij",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "нело́вкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nepovorótlivyj",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "неповоро́тливый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "torpe"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faẓẓ",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "فَظّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bṙi",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "բռի"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nešlifovan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "нешлифован"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tökerö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "hiomaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "raaka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "hienostumaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "epähieno"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tahditon"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rustre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grobschlächtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tumb"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "áxestos",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άξεστος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bánausos",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "βάναυσος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "faragatlan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "csiszolatlan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "aibéiseach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "amhlánta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "amhchaoin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "rozzo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grossolano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "squasinodeo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "horridus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "súrov",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "су́ров"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "mohoao"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "mohowao"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "tūhourangi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "pakirara"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ukultivert"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ruste"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grossièr"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "brut"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "onbeschläpen"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "bollboarich"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neotjósannyj",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "неотёсанный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "gràisgeil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "basto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "chocarrero"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ohyfsad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ofin"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unrefined, crude",
"word": "ohövlig"
}
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "uncouth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English uncouth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "uncūþ",
"4": "",
"5": "unknown; unfamiliar; strange"
},
"expansion": "Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*unkunþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English uncouth, from Old English uncūþ (“unknown; unfamiliar; strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *unkunþ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "uncouth",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Yola quotations",
"Yola adjectives",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old English",
"Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms inherited from Old English",
"Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "estraunge, uncouth;\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1867, “WEXFORD THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO”, line 9, in APPENDIX",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strange"
],
"links": [
[
"strange",
"strange"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unket"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊnˈkuːθ/"
}
],
"word": "uncouth"
}
Download raw JSONL data for uncouth meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.