See stem in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stem meaning in English (91.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brain stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "celestial stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "consonant stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "give the stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heavenly stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "i-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mach stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oblique stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "o-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "question stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-and-leaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem and leaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem cell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-clasping"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem duchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem family"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem for stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem ginger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-loop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem mammal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem node"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemplot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem siren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem stitch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem the rose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem the tide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-winder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "straw stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the apple does not fall far from the stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unstemmed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "u-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wire stem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stemme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stempne"
},
"expansion": "stempne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stevin"
},
"expansion": "stevin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Church Monuments",
"text": "While I do pray, learn here thy stem / And true descent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-D4vw28Nl",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "nəsil"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "soy"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herkunft"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "eredet"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "származás"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea di discendenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 6 7 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rid",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рід"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-rBVifbiP"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-yJzm6VtR",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"(taxonomy) A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An advanced or leading position; the lookout."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-Wy22IVIE",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 79 2 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"word": "johto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 79 2 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertice"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 1 10 1 8 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 3 10 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 5 0 1 10 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 4 2 10 3 5 3 0 2 1 2 4 2 2 7 8 1 1 1 10 1 2 1 3 1 1 7 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1736, Sir Walter Raleigh, The History of the World in Five Books",
"text": "After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-bwYDBIJH",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"axis",
"axis"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"bulb",
"bulb"
],
[
"tuber",
"tuber"
],
[
"corm",
"corm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāq nabāt",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "سَاق نَبَات"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʿoġun",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ցողուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövdə"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "zurtoin"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ɣerô",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო̂"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎbló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стъбло́"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стрък"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tall"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "莖"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "樹幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùgàn",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "树干"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "quiyōtl"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stængel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "spiktrunko"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣero",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprossachse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "míschos",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μίσχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kaulós",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυλός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "giv'ol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גִּבְעוֹל"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "poon"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "fusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tronco"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower, glass",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"alt": "みき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "trunk",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ទង"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "thiəng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ធាង"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "경"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qed"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirps"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stumbrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "ğeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebas"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tōtō"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kākaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kakau"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "min",
"lang": "Minangkabau",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "batang"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "ɣeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sürel",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "сүрэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "ḍā̃ṭh",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "डाँठ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tigue"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâqe",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ساقه"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Staum"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "pl",
"english": "dried",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "caule"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "trunchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a tree",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stébelʹ",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́бель"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "str",
"lang": "Saanich",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "SȾESTASEs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "steblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "ɣēr",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღე̄რ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "shina"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "punungtangkay"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "pere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stebló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло́"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "thân"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kav"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 6 1 51 3 7 3 1 0 1 1 4 3 2 5 9 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtam",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שטאַם"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the stem of an apple or a cherry",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7",
"text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-YMDgmb5q",
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "vana"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavana"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "lehtiruoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in a feather",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strunk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kotsáni",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοτσάνι"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "nyél"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kocsány"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "picciolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peduncolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"alt": "じく",
"code": "ja",
"english": "leaf, feather",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of a fruit",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ogonek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haste"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "peduncul"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "picior"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "coadă"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a leaf or fruit",
"roman": "čerenók",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черено́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a flower",
"roman": "cvetonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цветоно́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fruit",
"roman": "plodonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плодоно́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stonka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 2 6 56 4 5 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 6 3 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-en:narrow_part",
"links": [
[
"wine glass",
"wine glass"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:narrow part"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "jalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Holm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "wine glass, tobacco pipe",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "spoon",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "e",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "柄"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a wine glass",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stett"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cybuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 15 5 37 3 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 15 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-en:grammar",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"uninflected",
"inflection"
],
[
"affix",
"affix"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"senseid": [
"en:grammar"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaṣl",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَصْل"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʿ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kök"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "asnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "асно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kóranʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рань"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pennrann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóren",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "詞幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cígàn",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "词干"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grondwoord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tüvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "vartalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wortstamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "théma",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θέμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "szótő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "igető"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kata dasar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "sananpohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"alt": "ごかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gokan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "語幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "muullaʼsap",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "មូលសព្ទ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"alt": "語幹",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "어간"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "celms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamienas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "основа"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "raiç"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "radical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rdzeń"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "temat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórenʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рень"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏снова"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍsnova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koreň"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osnova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raíz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ordstam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórinʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рінь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "negiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bôn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Lori Wilde, Rhonda Nelson, Cara Summers, August Harlequin Blaze",
"text": "She was perfectly, fuckably proportioned everywhere else, both above and below her waist. A pocket-size Venus, with the longest stems he'd ever seen on someone so dang diminutive.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person's leg."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-Vpr-6FJj",
"links": [
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A person's leg."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Eric Bogosian, Wasted Beauty, page 135",
"text": "Waves of ecstasy roll through him as the moustachioed Casanova slides his stem in and out of the spaced-out chick.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The penis."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-JrEPyTmp",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The penis."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-nTmVMQ0d",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 0 45 20 2 11 2 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "pystyviiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 0 45 20 2 11 2 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "kirjainrunko"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 0 45 20 2 11 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 0 45 20 2 11 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nóžka",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "но́жка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-PWNMI64m",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tail"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "virgula"
}
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notenhals"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "tangkai not"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 12 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "notskaft"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Karl Pedersen, Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Recording, Mixing, and Mastering Reference Handbook, Oxford University Press, page 268",
"text": "Stem mastering processes a mix by breaking it down into several manageable pieces—that is, stereo stems. The stem approach allows the mastering engineer the opportunity to make larger or smaller changes to separate mix elements before the final compression and limiting are applied to the complete mix.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-TXqBhihN",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-W-j7WEn3",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"keel",
"keel"
],
[
"strake",
"strake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foršteven",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форщевен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stævn"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorsteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stevni"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "keulavannas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "kokkapuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "steevi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "étrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vordersteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorsteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "hajóorr"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "orr"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stefni"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "ruota di prua"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "dritto di prua"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "tagliamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "êtâne"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "framstamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stewa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talha-mar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nos",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нос"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "forštévenʹ",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форште́вень"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prova"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stäv"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 3 1 8 1 9 2 1 0 12 12 5 33 2 2 7 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förstäv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cycling",
"orig": "en:Cycling",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-j5DzRcgw",
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"handlebar",
"handlebar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 78 2 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stuurpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 78 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"word": "ohjainkannatin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 78 2 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "potence"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 1 0 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 78 2 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-h-xmeb17",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 1 10 1 8 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 3 10 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 5 0 1 10 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-g2yG8-25",
"links": [
[
"crack pipe",
"crack pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-7ydfDZfq",
"links": [
[
"winder",
"winder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "qol"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "haara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "sukuhaara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zweig"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seitenlinie"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "ág"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "nemzetség"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gren"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stemme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stempne"
},
"expansion": "stempne",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stevin"
},
"expansion": "stevin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem cherries; to stem tobacco leaves",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the stem from."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-6ay0iFKU",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "maham drǎžkite",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "махам дръжките"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontstelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontnerven"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "poistaa varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "équeuter"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "entstielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szárától megfoszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szártalanít"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"alt": "черенки́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "отделя́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "härleda"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ta ut stam"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The current crisis stems from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 2, H Conley, “Studies show top surgery is safe for fat patients, but some surgeons still mandate weight loss”, in STAT",
"text": "Weight stigma often stems from an idea that patients are at fault for their body size.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be caused or derived; to originate."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-JZGSL6Zp",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"originate",
"originate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "34 52 4 3 4 3",
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to be due to"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 52 4 3 4 3",
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to arise from"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proizhoždam",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "произхождам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pramenit z"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odvozovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "johtua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "aiheutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "olla peräisin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "periytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "résulter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "découler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "kommen von"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "herrühren von"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "sich begründen auf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "seine Ursache haben in"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "verursacht werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "ered"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivare (da)"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hottan to suru",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "発端とする"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "take"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "forårsake"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "wywodzić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "originar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť sposobený"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť zapríčinený"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "arrancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "proceder de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "dimanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härstamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 1 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härröra"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To descend in a family line."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-HyHy3GTw",
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "törəmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "nəslindən olmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "põlvnema"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "polveutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "abstammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "herstammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "származik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "discendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "descender"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pochádzať"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descender"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 94 1 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stamma"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-ZBJrES~Z",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"headway",
"headway"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 0 0 64 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to direct the stem of a ship against something",
"word": "ohjata kohti (jotakin)"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.ii",
"text": "As when two warlike Brigandines at sea, / With murdrous weapons arm'd to cruell fight, / Doe meete together on the watry lea, / They stemme ech other with so fell despight, / That with the shocke of their owne heedlesse might, / Their wooden ribs are shaken nigh a sonder […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-p3LiZn~o",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ram",
"ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 5 84 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranja",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "тараня"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 5 84 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "puskea"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-CF9LfxVf",
"links": [
[
"ram",
"ram"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"blasting",
"blasting"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 2 28 64",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "täyttää edestä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 2 28 64",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "tehdä esitäyttö"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stemmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stemma",
"t": "to stop, stem, dam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish stemme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stæmme",
"3": "",
"4": "to stem, dam up"
},
"expansion": "stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stammijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stammijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stempen"
},
"expansion": "stempen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stammer"
},
"expansion": "stammer",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 1 10 1 8 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 3 10 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 5 0 1 10 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem a tide"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-QJEhnlh3",
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaprištvam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заприщвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregraždam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "преграждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hinderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stelpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "padota"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "seisauttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "flow",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tyrehdyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrêter"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "aufhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "entgegenstemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "eindämmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stillen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "gegen etwas ankämpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stamató",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "σταματώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "elállít"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "leállít"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "meggátol"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "megakaszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "coisc"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamponare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitomeru",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "堰止める"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "band âvardan",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "بند آوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamować"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "parar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadérživatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okázyvatʹ soprotivlénije",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "ока́зывать сопротивле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hejda"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stämma"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "dämma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skiing",
"orig": "en:Skiing",
"parents": [
"Winter sports",
"Sports",
"Winter activities",
"Human activity",
"Winter",
"Human behaviour",
"Seasons",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 5 2 4 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 3 6 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-R-o4VE9Z",
"links": [
[
"skiing",
"skiing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"skiing",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam na ralo",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "карам на рало"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plužit"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaplužit"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aurata"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "faire le chasse-neige"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "im Schneepflug fahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ausstemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "fékez"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aprire lo spazzaneve"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shutemu suru",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "シュテムする"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tormozítʹ \"plúgom\"",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "тормози́ть \"плу́гом\""
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 16",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ploga"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 5 2 4 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 3 6 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 1 10 1 8 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 3 10 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 5 0 1 10 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 4 1 8 1 6 3 2 0 1 1 5 2 2 3 8 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 2 10 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In rock climbing, to use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-HngxcLN9"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "steem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of steem"
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun--P6quejj",
"links": [
[
"steem",
"steem#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "STEM"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015 May 29, BBC News, How do US black students perform at school?",
"text": "Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields are a particular cause for concern because within them there are more pronounced stereotypes, extreme competitiveness and gender inequities regarding the abilities and competencies of black male and female students.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of STEM"
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-C7E7Eko3",
"links": [
[
"STEM",
"STEM#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stud",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Blend of stud + femme",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Blend of stud + femme",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "en:LGBT",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 5 2 4 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 3 6 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 4 2 10 3 5 3 0 2 1 2 4 2 2 7 8 1 1 1 10 1 2 1 3 1 1 7 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lesbian, chiefly African-American, exhibiting both stud and femme traits."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-8iHxxE-7",
"links": [
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"African-American",
"African-American"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "futch"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Georgian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "a-stem"
},
{
"word": "brain stem"
},
{
"word": "celestial stem"
},
{
"word": "consonant stem"
},
{
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"word": "give the stem"
},
{
"word": "heavenly stem"
},
{
"word": "i-stem"
},
{
"word": "Mach stem"
},
{
"word": "oblique stem"
},
{
"word": "o-stem"
},
{
"word": "question stem"
},
{
"word": "stem-and-leaf"
},
{
"word": "stem and leaf"
},
{
"word": "stem cell"
},
{
"word": "stem-clasping"
},
{
"word": "stem duchy"
},
{
"word": "stem family"
},
{
"word": "stem for stem"
},
{
"word": "stem ginger"
},
{
"word": "stem group"
},
{
"word": "stemless"
},
{
"word": "stem-loop"
},
{
"word": "stem mammal"
},
{
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"word": "stem node"
},
{
"word": "stemplot"
},
{
"word": "stem siren"
},
{
"word": "stem stitch"
},
{
"word": "stem the rose"
},
{
"word": "stem the tide"
},
{
"word": "stem-winder"
},
{
"word": "straw stem"
},
{
"word": "the apple does not fall far from the stem"
},
{
"word": "unstemmed"
},
{
"word": "u-stem"
},
{
"word": "wire stem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stemme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stempne"
},
"expansion": "stempne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stevin"
},
"expansion": "stevin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Church Monuments",
"text": "While I do pray, learn here thy stem / And true descent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"(taxonomy) A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An advanced or leading position; the lookout."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1736, Sir Walter Raleigh, The History of the World in Five Books",
"text": "After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"axis",
"axis"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"bulb",
"bulb"
],
[
"tuber",
"tuber"
],
[
"corm",
"corm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the stem of an apple or a cherry",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7",
"text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather."
],
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon."
],
"links": [
[
"wine glass",
"wine glass"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:narrow part"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"uninflected",
"inflection"
],
[
"affix",
"affix"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"senseid": [
"en:grammar"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Lori Wilde, Rhonda Nelson, Cara Summers, August Harlequin Blaze",
"text": "She was perfectly, fuckably proportioned everywhere else, both above and below her waist. A pocket-size Venus, with the longest stems he'd ever seen on someone so dang diminutive.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person's leg."
],
"links": [
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A person's leg."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Eric Bogosian, Wasted Beauty, page 135",
"text": "Waves of ecstasy roll through him as the moustachioed Casanova slides his stem in and out of the spaced-out chick.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The penis."
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The penis."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tail"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "virgula"
}
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Karl Pedersen, Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Recording, Mixing, and Mastering Reference Handbook, Oxford University Press, page 268",
"text": "Stem mastering processes a mix by breaking it down into several manageable pieces—that is, stereo stems. The stem approach allows the mastering engineer the opportunity to make larger or smaller changes to separate mix elements before the final compression and limiting are applied to the complete mix.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"keel",
"keel"
],
[
"strake",
"strake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cycling"
],
"glosses": [
"A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"handlebar",
"handlebar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"links": [
[
"crack pipe",
"crack pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"glosses": [
"A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"links": [
[
"winder",
"winder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "nəsil"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "soy"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herkunft"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "eredet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "származás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea di discendenza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rid",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рід"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "qol"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "haara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "sukuhaara"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zweig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seitenlinie"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "ág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "nemzetség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"word": "johto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertice"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāq nabāt",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "سَاق نَبَات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʿoġun",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ցողուն"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövdə"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "zurtoin"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ɣerô",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო̂"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎbló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стъбло́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стрък"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tall"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "莖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "樹幹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùgàn",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "树干"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "quiyōtl"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stængel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "steel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "spiktrunko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣero",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprossachse"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "míschos",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μίσχος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kaulós",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυλός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "giv'ol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גִּבְעוֹל"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "poon"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirpe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "fusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tronco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower, glass",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"alt": "みき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "trunk",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "幹"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ទង"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "thiəng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ធាង"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "경"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qed"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirps"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stumbrs"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "ğeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebas"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tōtō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kākaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kakau"
},
{
"code": "min",
"lang": "Minangkabau",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "batang"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "ɣeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sürel",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "сүрэл"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "ḍā̃ṭh",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "डाँठ"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tigue"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâqe",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ساقه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Staum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "dried",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badyl"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "caule"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "trunchi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a tree",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stébelʹ",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́бель"
},
{
"code": "str",
"lang": "Saanich",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "SȾESTASEs"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "steblo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tallo"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "ɣēr",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღე̄რ"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "shina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "punungtangkay"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "pere"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stebló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло́"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "thân"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kav"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtam",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שטאַם"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "vana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavarsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "lehtiruoti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in a feather",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strunk"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kotsáni",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοτσάνι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "nyél"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kocsány"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "picciolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peduncolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"alt": "じく",
"code": "ja",
"english": "leaf, feather",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of a fruit",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ogonek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haste"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "peduncul"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "picior"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "coadă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a leaf or fruit",
"roman": "čerenók",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черено́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a flower",
"roman": "cvetonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цветоно́жка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fruit",
"roman": "plodonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плодоно́жка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stonka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "jalka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Holm"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "wine glass, tobacco pipe",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "spoon",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "e",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "柄"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a wine glass",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stett"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cybuch"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaṣl",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَصْل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʿ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kök"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "asnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "асно́ва"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kóranʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рань"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pennrann"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóren",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "詞幹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cígàn",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "词干"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grondwoord"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tüvi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "vartalo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wortstamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "théma",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θέμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "szótő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "igető"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kata dasar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "sananpohja"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radice"
},
{
"alt": "ごかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gokan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "語幹"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "muullaʼsap",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "មូលសព្ទ"
},
{
"alt": "語幹",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "어간"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "celms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamienas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "основа"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "raiç"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "radical"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rdzeń"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "temat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raiz"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórenʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рень"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏снова"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍsnova"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koreň"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osnova"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raíz"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ordstam"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórinʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рінь"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "negiz"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bôn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "pystyviiva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "kirjainrunko"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nóžka",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "но́жка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notenhals"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "tangkai not"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "notskaft"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foršteven",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форщевен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stævn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorsteven"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stevni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "keulavannas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "kokkapuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "steevi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "étrave"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vordersteven"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorsteven"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steven"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "hajóorr"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "orr"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stefni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stem"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "ruota di prua"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "dritto di prua"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "tagliamare"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "êtâne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "framstamn"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stewa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talha-mar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nos",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "forštévenʹ",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форште́вень"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prova"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stäv"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förstäv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stuurpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"word": "ohjainkannatin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "potence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbau"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Georgian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stemme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stempne"
},
"expansion": "stempne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stevin"
},
"expansion": "stevin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem cherries; to stem tobacco leaves",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the stem from."
],
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The current crisis stems from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 2, H Conley, “Studies show top surgery is safe for fat patients, but some surgeons still mandate weight loss”, in STAT",
"text": "Weight stigma often stems from an idea that patients are at fault for their body size.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be caused or derived; to originate."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"originate",
"originate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To descend in a family line."
],
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"headway",
"headway"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.ii",
"text": "As when two warlike Brigandines at sea, / With murdrous weapons arm'd to cruell fight, / Doe meete together on the watry lea, / They stemme ech other with so fell despight, / That with the shocke of their owne heedlesse might, / Their wooden ribs are shaken nigh a sonder […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ram",
"ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole."
],
"links": [
[
"ram",
"ram"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"blasting",
"blasting"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to be due to"
},
{
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to arise from"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "maham drǎžkite",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "махам дръжките"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontstelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontnerven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "poistaa varsi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "équeuter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "entstielen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szárától megfoszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szártalanít"
},
{
"alt": "черенки́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "отделя́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "härleda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ta ut stam"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proizhoždam",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "произхождам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pramenit z"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odvozovat se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "johtua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "aiheutua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "olla peräisin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "periytyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "résulter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "découler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "kommen von"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "herrühren von"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "sich begründen auf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "seine Ursache haben in"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "verursacht werden"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "ered"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivare (da)"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hottan to suru",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "発端とする"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "take"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "forårsake"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "wywodzić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "originar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť sposobený"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť zapríčinený"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "arrancar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "proceder de"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "dimanar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härstamma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härröra"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "törəmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "nəslindən olmaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "põlvnema"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "polveutua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stammen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "abstammen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "herstammen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "származik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "discendere"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descendre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "descender"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pochádzať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descender"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to direct the stem of a ship against something",
"word": "ohjata kohti (jotakin)"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranja",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "тараня"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "puskea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "täyttää edestä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "tehdä esitäyttö"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stemmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stemma",
"t": "to stop, stem, dam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish stemme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stæmme",
"3": "",
"4": "to stem, dam up"
},
"expansion": "stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stammijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stammijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stempen"
},
"expansion": "stempen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stammer"
},
"expansion": "stammer",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem a tide"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Skiing"
],
"glosses": [
"To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"links": [
[
"skiing",
"skiing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"skiing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In rock climbing, to use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaprištvam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заприщвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregraždam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "преграждам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hinderen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stelpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "padota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "seisauttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "flow",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tyrehdyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrêter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "aufhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hemmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "entgegenstemmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "eindämmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stillen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "gegen etwas ankämpfen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stamató",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "σταματώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "elállít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "leállít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "meggátol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "megakaszt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "coisc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrestare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamponare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitomeru",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "堰止める"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "band âvardan",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "بند آوردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "parar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadérživatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okázyvatʹ soprotivlénije",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "ока́зывать сопротивле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hejda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stämma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "dämma"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam na ralo",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "карам на рало"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plužit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaplužit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aurata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "faire le chasse-neige"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "im Schneepflug fahren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ausstemmen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "fékez"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aprire lo spazzaneve"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shutemu suru",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "シュテムする"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tormozítʹ \"plúgom\"",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "тормози́ть \"плу́гом\""
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ploga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "steem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of steem"
],
"links": [
[
"steem",
"steem#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "STEM"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015 May 29, BBC News, How do US black students perform at school?",
"text": "Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields are a particular cause for concern because within them there are more pronounced stereotypes, extreme competitiveness and gender inequities regarding the abilities and competencies of black male and female students.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of STEM"
],
"links": [
[
"STEM",
"STEM#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stud",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Blend of stud + femme",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Blend of stud + femme",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:LGBT"
],
"glosses": [
"A lesbian, chiefly African-American, exhibiting both stud and femme traits."
],
"links": [
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"African-American",
"African-American"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "futch"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: German: __IGNORE__ (2)",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Swedish: __IGNORE__ (5); __IGNORE__ (2,7); __IGNORE__ (3,4); __IGNORE__ (6)",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": otdeljátʹ (čerenkí) vs. черенки́",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.