See caulis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "84 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-Y3GO7fSZ",
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaur",
"4": "chare",
"5": "choul",
"6": "chol",
"7": "chal"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chol"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chaul, chol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chaul, chol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "còure",
"3": "coule",
"4": "cole"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaule"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis",
"t": "straight stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coles",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-d2aCiupb",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-hrL53EWn",
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, caulu, cavulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaur",
"4": "chare",
"5": "choul",
"6": "chol",
"7": "chal"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chaul, chaur, chare, choul, chol, chal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chol"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chaul, chol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chaul, chol"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "còure",
"3": "coule",
"4": "cole"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: còure, coule, cole"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chaul",
"3": "chaule"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chaul, chaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Assamese: কবি (kobi)\n→ Manipuri: ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (kobee)\n→ Gujarati: કોબી (kobī), (from the plural) કોબીજ (kobīj)\n→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)\nHindi: गोभी (gobhī)\nUrdu: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Malay: kubis, kobis\n→ Indonesian: kubis\n→ Marathi: कोबी (kobī)\n→ Middle Bengali: *কবি (*kbi)\nBengali: কপি (kopi)\n→ Punjabi:\nGurmukhi script: ਗੋਭੀ (gobhī)\nShahmukhi script: گوبھی (gobhī)\n→ Sindhi:\nArabic script: گوبيِ (kobī)\nDevanagari script: कोबी (kobī)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis",
"t": "straight stalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis (“straight stalk”). Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coles",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōlis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caulis meaning in Latin (12.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.