See caulis on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for caulis meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cole",
"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caules"
},
"expansion": "caulis (plural caules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "en:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-d2jepLDj",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalks"
],
[
"volutes",
"volutes"
],
[
"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-tvXVrohb",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"herbaceous",
"herbaceous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-caulis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "caulis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 24 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cauli"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cauli"
],
"id": "en-caulis-en-noun-zwUS67km",
"links": [
[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-Y3GO7fSZ",
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "caul",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, cavulu, caulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, cavulu, caulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "chaul"
},
"expansion": "chaul",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chaul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Hindi: गोभी (gobhī), गोबी (gobī)\n→ Burmese: ဂေါ်ဖီ (gauhpi)\n→ English: gobi, gobhi\n→ Pashto: ګوبي",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Hindi: गोभी (gobhī), गोबी (gobī)\n→ Burmese: ဂေါ်ဖီ (gauhpi)\n→ English: gobi, gobhi\n→ Pashto: ګوبي"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis. Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 48 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 69 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 44 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 54 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-d2aCiupb",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"id": "en-caulis-la-noun-hrL53EWn",
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cōlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "coles"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪs/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cole",
"3": "gobi",
"4": "kale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caules"
},
"expansion": "caulis (plural caules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"glosses": [
"Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"stalks",
"stalks"
],
[
"volutes",
"volutes"
],
[
"helices",
"helices"
],
[
"Corinthian",
"Corinthian"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"herbaceous",
"herbaceous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stalk of a plant, especially a herbaceous stem in its natural state."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-caulis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-caulis.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy herbaceous stem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lodyha"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "caulis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cauli"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cauli"
],
"links": [
[
"cauli",
"cauli#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulīs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "caulīs"
},
"expansion": "caulīs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caulae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative plural of caulae"
],
"links": [
[
"caulae",
"caulae#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with variable monophthongization",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cauliculus"
},
{
"word": "cauliculatus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "caul",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "caul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cavolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cavolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cavolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "càvulu",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: càvulu, cavulu, caulu, càulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: càvulu, cavulu, caulu, càulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "cavol",
"4": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: chèvol, cavol, caul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cöo",
"3": "cô",
"4": "cúaro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cöo, cô, cúaro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "caul",
"3": "cavol"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: caul, cavol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: caul, cavol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "còl",
"3": "caure"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: còl, caure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: còl, caure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "chèvol",
"3": "chevle"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: chèvol, chevle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "càvol",
"3": "càorlo",
"4": "càoło"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: càvol, càorlo, càoło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: càvol, càorlo, càoło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chous"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chous"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chou"
},
"expansion": "French: chou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: caul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caul"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: caul",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caulet",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ caulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: caul ⇒ caulet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "chaul"
},
"expansion": "chaul",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Nord-Occitan: chaul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese: col"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Galician: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: col"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: couve"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "couve",
"3": "couva"
},
"expansion": "Galician: couve, couva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional, south Galicia"
},
"expansion": "(regional, south Galicia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: couve, couva (regional, south Galicia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "couve"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Hindi: गोभी (gobhī), गोबी (gobī)\n→ Burmese: ဂေါ်ဖီ (gauhpi)\n→ English: gobi, gobhi\n→ Pashto: ګوبي",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: couve\n→ Hindi: गोभी (gobhī), गोबी (gobī)\n→ Burmese: ဂေါ်ဖီ (gauhpi)\n→ English: gobi, gobhi\n→ Pashto: ګوبي"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "col"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: col",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: col"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "càule"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: càule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: càule"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kawl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kawl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: caulis (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: caulis (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: caule (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кељ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кељ (kelj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kauli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kauli (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "caule",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: caule (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुल्या"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυλός",
"t": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls",
"t": "bone"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls (“bone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúal",
"t": "bundle of sticks"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցօղուն",
"t": "stalk; straw"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulis. Cognate with Sanskrit कुल्या (kulyā), Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”), Latvian kauls (“bone”), Old Irish cúal (“bundle of sticks”), and perhaps Old Armenian ցօղուն (cʻōłun, “stalk; straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caulis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caulibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caulēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "caulis m (genitive caulis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caulis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stalk, stem"
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stem of a cabbage"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäu̯lʲɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkau̯.lis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkäːu̯lis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cōlis"
},
{
"word": "coles"
},
{
"word": "cōlis"
}
],
"word": "caulis"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.