See stem on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brain stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "celestial stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "consonant stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "give the stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heavenly stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "i-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mach stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oblique stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "o-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "question stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-and-leaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem and leaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem cell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-clasping"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem duchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem family"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem for stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem ginger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-loop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem mammal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem node"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemplot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem siren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem stitch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem the rose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem the tide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem-winder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "straw stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the apple does not fall far from the stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unstemmed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "u-stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wire stem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stamni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stamni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1634, John Milton, “Arcades”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "Where ye may all that are of noble ſtemm / Approach, and kiſs her ſacred veſtures hemm.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Church Monuments:",
"text": "While I do pray, learn here thy stem / And true descent.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-D4vw28Nl",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "nəsil"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "soy"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herkunft"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "eredet"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "származás"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea di discendenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 7 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rid",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рід"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "This is a stem / Of that victorious stock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-rBVifbiP"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-yJzm6VtR",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"(taxonomy) A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An advanced or leading position; the lookout."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-Wy22IVIE",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 81 1 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"word": "johto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 81 1 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertice"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 6 1 15 5 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 19 7 1 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 9 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1736, Sir Walter Raleigh, The History of the World in Five Books:",
"text": "After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-bwYDBIJH",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"axis",
"axis"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"bulb",
"bulb"
],
[
"tuber",
"tuber"
],
[
"corm",
"corm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāq nabāt",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "سَاق نَبَات"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻoġun",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ցողուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövdə"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "zurtoin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ɣerô",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო̂"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎbló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стъбло́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стрък"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tall"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "莖"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "樹幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùgàn",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "树干"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "quiyōtl"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stængel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "spiktrunko"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣero",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprossachse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "míschos",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μίσχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kaulós",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυλός"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "giv'ol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גִּבְעוֹל"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "poon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "fusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tronco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower, glass",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"alt": "みき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "trunk",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ទង"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "thiəng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ធាង"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "경"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qed"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirps"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stumbrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "ğeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebas"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tōtō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kākaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kakau"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "min",
"lang": "Minangkabau",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "batang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "ɣeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sürel",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "сүрэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "ḍā̃ṭh",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "डाँठ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tigue"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sap",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "صاپ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâqe",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ساقه"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Staum"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "pl",
"english": "dried",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "caule"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "trunchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a tree",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stébelʹ",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́бель"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "str",
"lang": "Saanich",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "SȾESTASEs"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "steblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "ɣēr",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღე̄რ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "shina"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "punungtangkay"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "pere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stebló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "thân"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kav"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 5 1 55 7 1 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 2 3 9 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtam",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שטאַם"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the stem of an apple or a cherry",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:",
"text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-YMDgmb5q",
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "vana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "lehtiruoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in a feather",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strunk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kotsáni",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοτσάνι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "nyél"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kocsány"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "picciolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peduncolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"alt": "じく",
"code": "ja",
"english": "leaf, feather",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sap",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "صاپ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of a fruit",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ogonek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "peduncul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "picior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "coadă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a leaf or fruit",
"roman": "čerenók",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черено́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a flower",
"roman": "cvetonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цветоно́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fruit",
"roman": "plodonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плодоно́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stonka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 2 4 62 4 5 5 0 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-en:narrow_part",
"links": [
[
"wine glass",
"wine glass"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:narrow part"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "jalka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Holm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "wine glass, tobacco pipe",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"english": "spoon",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "e",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "柄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a wine glass",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stett"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cybuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 16 8 49 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-en:grammar",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"uninflected",
"inflection"
],
[
"affix",
"affix"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"senseid": [
"en:grammar"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaṣl",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَصْل"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʻ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kök"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "asnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "асно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kóranʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рань"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pennrann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóren",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "詞幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cígàn",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "词干"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grondwoord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "stamo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tüvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "vartalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wortstamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "théma",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θέμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "szótő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "igető"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kata dasar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "sananpohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"alt": "ごかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gokan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "語幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "muullaʼsap",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "មូលសព្ទ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"alt": "語幹",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "어간"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "celms"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamienas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "основа"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "muttüŋ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "муттӱҥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "raiç"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "radical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rdzeń"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "temat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórenʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рень"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏снова"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍsnova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koreň"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osnova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raíz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ordstam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórinʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рінь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "negiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 2 0 19 7 47 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 15 3 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bôn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Lori Wilde, Rhonda Nelson, Cara Summers, August Harlequin Blaze:",
"text": "She was perfectly, fuckably proportioned everywhere else, both above and below her waist. A pocket-size Venus, with the longest stems he'd ever seen on someone so dang diminutive.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person's leg."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-Vpr-6FJj",
"links": [
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A person's leg."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Eric Bogosian, Wasted Beauty, page 135:",
"text": "Waves of ecstasy roll through him as the moustachioed Casanova slides his stem in and out of the spaced-out chick.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The penis."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-JrEPyTmp",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The penis."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-nTmVMQ0d",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 0 47 21 2 12 2 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "pystyviiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 0 47 21 2 12 2 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "kirjainrunko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 0 47 21 2 12 2 1 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 0 47 21 2 12 2 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nóžka",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "но́жка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-PWNMI64m",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tail"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "virgula"
}
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "符桿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fúgǎn",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "符杆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notenhals"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "tangkai not"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 0 29 37 6 13 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "notskaft"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Karl Pedersen, Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Recording, Mixing, and Mastering Reference Handbook, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 268:",
"text": "Stem mastering processes a mix by breaking it down into several manageable pieces—that is, stereo stems. The stem approach allows the mastering engineer the opportunity to make larger or smaller changes to separate mix elements before the final compression and limiting are applied to the complete mix.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-TXqBhihN",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "Both we will walke vpon the loftie cliffes,\nAnd Chriſtian Merchants that with Ruſſian ſtems\nPlow vp huge furrowes in the Caſpian ſea,\nShall vaile to vs, as Lords of al the Lake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-W-j7WEn3",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"keel",
"keel"
],
[
"strake",
"strake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foršteven",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форщевен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stævn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorsteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stevni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "keulavannas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "kokkapuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "steevi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "étrave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vordersteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorsteven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "hajóorr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "orr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stefni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "ruota di prua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "dritto di prua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "tagliamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "êtâne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "framstamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stewa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talha-mar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nos",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нос"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "forštévenʹ",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форште́вень"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "roda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stäv"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 19 19 3 46 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förstäv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cycling",
"orig": "en:Cycling",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-j5DzRcgw",
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"handlebar",
"handlebar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 76 2 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stuurpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 76 2 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"word": "ohjainkannatin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 76 2 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "potence"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 76 2 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 6 1 15 5 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 19 7 1 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 9 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-h-xmeb17",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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"_dis": "3 0 6 1 4 8 1 3 1 0 1 1 7 2 3 3 14 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 6 1 1 13 3 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 2 3 9 3 4 4 18 3 2 4 2 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 3 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 5 2 3 7 2 3 1 1 2 3 7 2 5 3 13 4 2 3 2 6 1 1 9 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 7 1 5 9 1 4 1 0 1 2 12 3 4 3 25 2 1 4 1 10 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 5 3 4 6 2 3 8 0 3 3 6 2 3 4 12 4 1 3 2 5 1 1 9 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 8 2 4 1 1 2 2 11 3 4 3 19 4 1 4 1 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 2 4 6 2 3 1 1 1 2 8 2 3 3 14 2 2 4 2 8 3 2 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 7 1 5 11 1 4 1 0 1 2 10 3 4 4 21 3 1 5 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 1 4 8 2 4 1 1 2 3 10 3 4 4 19 5 2 4 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 3 7 2 3 1 1 2 3 7 2 3 3 14 4 1 3 1 8 1 1 10 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 5 1 4 6 2 3 1 0 1 2 8 2 4 3 14 2 3 4 2 9 2 2 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 5 4 8 2 4 10 1 3 4 8 2 4 3 15 5 1 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 2 4 6 2 3 1 1 2 2 10 3 3 4 15 2 2 4 1 7 1 1 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 6 2 5 6 2 4 1 1 1 2 6 3 3 3 13 2 3 3 3 6 2 2 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 2 4 7 2 4 1 1 4 5 9 3 4 4 16 3 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 6 2 5 9 2 6 1 0 1 2 10 3 4 4 19 3 2 5 2 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Higaonon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 5 3 4 7 2 4 7 0 2 3 6 2 3 3 12 4 2 3 2 5 1 1 10 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 6 2 5 8 3 4 1 1 2 2 10 3 4 4 19 3 2 4 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 6 1 5 8 2 4 1 1 2 2 10 3 4 4 19 4 2 4 2 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 1 4 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 8 2 3 4 16 2 2 4 2 8 2 1 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 1 4 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 8 2 3 4 16 2 2 4 2 8 2 1 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 2 4 1 1 4 5 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 1 5 8 3 4 1 1 1 2 10 3 4 4 19 2 2 5 2 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Laz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 5 2 5 7 3 4 2 1 4 4 9 3 4 5 15 7 1 4 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 3 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 8 2 6 8 2 4 1 1 2 3 8 3 3 4 16 7 3 4 3 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 1 1 2 3 9 3 4 4 18 5 2 4 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Minangkabau translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 2 3 11 1 2 3 8 3 3 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 9 2 5 8 1 2 3 8 2 3 4 15 4 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nepali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 4 10 1 2 2 8 4 4 4 15 3 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 7 1 5 10 2 4 1 0 1 1 10 3 4 4 21 4 1 5 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 4 8 3 4 4 16 5 2 4 2 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 7 1 5 11 2 4 1 0 1 2 10 3 4 4 21 3 1 5 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 4 1 2 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 5 4 4 7 2 4 2 1 4 5 9 3 5 4 14 5 2 4 2 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 3 7 2 3 9 1 2 2 6 2 3 3 12 4 1 3 1 6 1 1 9 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 1 4 7 2 3 1 0 1 2 11 2 3 3 27 3 1 4 1 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 3 3 6 2 3 1 1 2 3 6 2 3 4 13 4 2 4 2 8 2 2 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 4 3 4 7 3 3 8 0 2 2 6 2 3 3 12 4 1 3 1 7 1 1 9 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 1 4 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 8 2 3 4 16 2 2 4 2 8 2 1 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 1 1 2 3 9 3 4 4 18 5 2 4 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saanich translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 6 2 4 8 2 4 1 0 3 1 9 3 4 4 21 2 2 5 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 2 3 11 1 2 2 8 2 3 4 16 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Svan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 1 1 2 3 9 3 4 4 18 5 2 4 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 4 3 3 7 2 3 1 0 2 3 7 2 3 3 14 4 1 4 1 7 1 1 10 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 3 4 8 2 4 3 15 5 1 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 5 2 4 9 1 5 1 0 1 1 10 2 3 3 30 3 1 4 1 9 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 2 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 3 4 8 3 4 1 1 3 3 9 3 4 4 17 5 2 4 2 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 5 4 4 8 2 3 10 1 2 3 8 3 4 4 15 5 2 4 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 1 1 1 2 9 3 4 4 17 2 3 5 3 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 7 1 4 10 1 4 2 0 1 2 11 3 4 3 24 3 1 5 1 10 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with White Hmong translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 6 2 4 7 3 4 1 1 3 4 10 3 4 4 17 5 2 5 2 8 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 6 1 5 7 2 4 0 3 1 1 6 2 3 8 12 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 5 1 1 11 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-g2yG8-25",
"links": [
[
"crack pipe",
"crack pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-7ydfDZfq",
"links": [
[
"winder",
"winder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "qol"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "haara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "sukuhaara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zweig"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seitenlinie"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "ág"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "nemzetség"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 46 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gren"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stamni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stamni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem cherries; to stem tobacco leaves",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the stem from."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-6ay0iFKU",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "maham drǎžkite",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "махам дръжките"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontstelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontnerven"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "poistaa varsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "équeuter"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "entstielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szárától megfoszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szártalanít"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"alt": "черенки́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "отделя́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "härleda"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 1 3 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ta ut stam"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The current crisis stems from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 2, H Conley, “Studies show top surgery is safe for fat patients, but some surgeons still mandate weight loss”, in STAT:",
"text": "Weight stigma often stems from an idea that patients are at fault for their body size.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be caused or derived; to originate."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-en:originate",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"originate",
"originate"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:originate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "35 53 4 3 4 2",
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to be due to"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 53 4 3 4 2",
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to arise from"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proizhoždam",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "произхождам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pramenit z"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odvozovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "johtua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "aiheutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "olla peräisin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "periytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "résulter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "découler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "kommen von"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "herrühren von"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "sich begründen auf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "seine Ursache haben in"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "verursacht werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "ered"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivare (da)"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hottan to suru",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "発端とする"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "take"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "forårsake"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "wywodzić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "originar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť sposobený"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť zapríčinený"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "arrancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "proceder de"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "dimanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härstamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 90 1 6 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härröra"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To descend in a family line."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-HyHy3GTw",
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "törəmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "nəslindən olmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "põlvnema"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "polveutua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "abstammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "herstammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "származik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "discendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "descender"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pochádzať"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descender"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stamma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 41, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 199:",
"text": "Nor is the pre-eminent tremendousness of the great Sperm Whale anywhere more feelingly comprehended, than on board of those prows which stem him.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-ZBJrES~Z",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"headway",
"headway"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 0 0 64 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to direct the stem of a ship against something",
"word": "ohjata kohti (jotakin)"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.ii:",
"text": "As when two warlike Brigandines at sea, / With murdrous weapons arm'd to cruell fight, / Doe meete together on the watry lea, / They stemme ech other with so fell despight, / That with the shocke of their owne heedlesse might, / Their wooden ribs are shaken nigh a sonder […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-p3LiZn~o",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ram",
"ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 5 85 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranja",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "тараня"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 5 85 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "puskea"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-CF9LfxVf",
"links": [
[
"ram",
"ram"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"blasting",
"blasting"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 2 28 64",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "täyttää edestä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 2 2 28 64",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "tehdä esitäyttö"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stemmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stemma",
"t": "to stop, stem, dam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish stemme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stammijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stammijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemmen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 6 1 4 8 1 3 1 0 1 1 7 2 3 3 14 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 6 1 1 13 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 6 2 5 6 2 4 1 1 1 2 6 3 3 3 13 2 3 3 3 6 2 2 11 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 5 3 4 7 2 4 7 0 2 3 6 2 3 3 12 4 2 3 2 5 1 1 10 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 6 1 5 7 2 4 0 3 1 1 6 2 3 8 12 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 5 1 1 11 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem a tide"
},
{
"ref": "1636 (date written), John Denham, “The Destruction of Troy, an Essay upon the Second Book of Virgils Æneis”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, 4th edition, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1668, →OCLC:",
"text": "[They] stem the flood with their erected breasts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barbarous age.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-QJEhnlh3",
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaprištvam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заприщвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregraždam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "преграждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hinderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stelpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "padota"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "seisauttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "flow",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tyrehdyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrêter"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "aufhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "entgegenstemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "eindämmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stillen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "gegen etwas ankämpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stamató",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "σταματώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "elállít"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "leállít"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "meggátol"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "megakaszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "coisc"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamponare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitomeru",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "堰止める"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "band âvardan",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "بند آوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamować"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "parar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadérživatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okázyvatʹ soprotivlénije",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "ока́зывать сопротивле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hejda"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stämma"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "dämma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skiing",
"orig": "en:Skiing",
"parents": [
"Winter sports",
"Sports",
"Winter activities",
"Human activity",
"Winter",
"Human behaviour",
"Seasons",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English blends",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-R-o4VE9Z",
"links": [
[
"skiing",
"skiing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"skiing",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam na ralo",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "карам на рало"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plužit"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaplužit"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aurata"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "faire le chasse-neige"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "im Schneepflug fahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ausstemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "fékez"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aprire lo spazzaneve"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shutemu suru",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "シュテムする"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tormozítʹ \"plúgom\"",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "тормози́ть \"плу́гом\""
},
{
"_dis1": "10 75 14",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ploga"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In rock climbing, to use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral."
],
"id": "en-stem-en-verb-HngxcLN9"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "steem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of steem"
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun--P6quejj",
"links": [
[
"steem",
"steem#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "STEM"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015 May 29, BBC News, How do US black students perform at school?:",
"text": "Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields are a particular cause for concern because within them there are more pronounced stereotypes, extreme competitiveness and gender inequities regarding the abilities and competencies of black male and female students.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of STEM"
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-C7E7Eko3",
"links": [
[
"STEM",
"STEM#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stud",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Blend of stud + femme",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Blend of stud + femme",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "lesbian who combines stud and femme traits",
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of stemme (“lesbian who combines stud and femme traits”)"
],
"id": "en-stem-en-noun-3b~cB5Sl",
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#English"
],
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stem, from Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "stemme",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stem (plural stemme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stem (plural stemme)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vote"
],
"id": "en-stem-af-noun-qydEdKaq",
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Rises the voice of our beloved, of our country South Africa.",
"ref": "1921, “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”, C.J. Langenhoven (lyrics), M.L. de Villiers (music), South Africa:",
"text": "Ruis die stem van ons geliefde, van ons land Suid-Afrika.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"voice"
],
"id": "en-stem-af-noun-xX1-kgGX",
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stemmen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stemmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stem",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestem",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stemmende"
},
"expansion": "stem (present stem, present participle stemmende, past participle gestem)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to vote"
],
"id": "en-stem-af-verb-DM4SwhEW",
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "falsetstem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foertstem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hoofdstem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kopstem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proteststem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemband"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemspleet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stemvervormer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "voorkeurstem"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: stem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: stem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: stem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: stem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "sitemu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: sitemu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: sitemu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "setèm",
"3": "nyetèm",
"4": "nyetèmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sêtèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: sêtèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: sêtèm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suara",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: suara (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: suara (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "stèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: stèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: stèm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "sten",
"3": "stèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: sten, stèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: sten, stèm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tri",
"2": "sten",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Trió: sten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Trió: sten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stebnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stebnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of “word”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "stem f (plural stemmen, diminutive stemmetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stem"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"voice, sound made by the mouth using airflow"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-noun-B1Pjl6QS",
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She’s lost her voice.",
"text": "Zij is haar stem kwijt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the ability to speak"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-noun-k3TT7pnR",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Democracy",
"orig": "nl:Democracy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vote"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-noun-qydEdKaq",
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-noun-mMHrTuk0",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) word"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "nl:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-noun-L~gszjjc",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"vibration",
"vibration"
],
[
"vocal cords",
"vocal cords"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg/Nl-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stebnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stebnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of “word”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stem"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 11 11 0 2 0 4 1 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 0 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 1 0 0 3 13 13 0 2 0 4 0 3 6 1 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 2 10 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 5 1 0 10 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 0 0 8 35 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-verb-k-peJPT6",
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 11 11 0 2 0 4 1 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 0 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 1 0 0 3 13 13 0 2 0 4 0 3 6 1 2 1 0 1 1 5 2 2 2 10 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 5 1 0 10 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 0 0 8 35 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-verb-H99EqGEb",
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-stem-nl-verb-jsy7ak2h",
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg/Nl-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "English stem",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "stem (first-person possessive stemku, second-person possessive stemmu, third-person possessive stemnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stém"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "id:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem: the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"id": "en-stem-id-noun-1jP0BNCO",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) stem: the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈstem]"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present active subjunctive of stō"
],
"id": "en-stem-la-verb-Sa04hxXs",
"links": [
[
"stō",
"sto#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stem/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[s̠t̪ɛ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stem/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[st̪ɛm]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of stemme"
],
"id": "en-stem-nb-verb-f7y16hSo",
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of stemme"
],
"id": "en-stem-nn-verb-f7y16hSo",
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "stamp"
},
"expansion": "English stamp",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English stamp.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stamp"
],
"id": "en-stem-tpi-noun-4K~Nv2rU",
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stem, from Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "stemme",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stem (plural stemme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "stem (plural stemme)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vote"
],
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Rises the voice of our beloved, of our country South Africa.",
"ref": "1921, “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”, C.J. Langenhoven (lyrics), M.L. de Villiers (music), South Africa:",
"text": "Ruis die stem van ons geliefde, van ons land Suid-Afrika.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"voice"
],
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stemmen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stemmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stem",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gestem",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stemmende"
},
"expansion": "stem (present stem, present participle stemmende, past participle gestem)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to vote"
],
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "falsetstem"
},
{
"word": "foertstem"
},
{
"word": "hoofdstem"
},
{
"word": "kopstem"
},
{
"word": "proteststem"
},
{
"word": "stemband"
},
{
"word": "stemmen"
},
{
"word": "stemspleet"
},
{
"word": "stemvervormer"
},
{
"word": "voorkeurstem"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: stem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: stem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: stem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: stem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "sitemu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: sitemu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: sitemu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "setèm",
"3": "nyetèm",
"4": "nyetèmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sêtèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: sêtèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: sêtèm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suara",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: suara (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: suara (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "stèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: stèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: stèm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "sten",
"3": "stèm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: sten, stèm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: sten, stèm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tri",
"2": "sten",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Trió: sten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Trió: sten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stebnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stebnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of “word”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "stem f (plural stemmen, diminutive stemmetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stem"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"voice, sound made by the mouth using airflow"
],
"links": [
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She’s lost her voice.",
"text": "Zij is haar stem kwijt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the ability to speak"
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Democracy"
],
"glosses": [
"vote"
],
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) word"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords"
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"vibration",
"vibration"
],
[
"vocal cords",
"vocal cords"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg/Nl-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stemma"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stemma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stebnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stebnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stebnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stebnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of “word”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stem"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemmen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stemmen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"stemmen",
"stemmen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg/Nl-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Nl-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Georgian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bats translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Laz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Minangkabau translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saanich translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "a-stem"
},
{
"word": "brain stem"
},
{
"word": "celestial stem"
},
{
"word": "consonant stem"
},
{
"word": "stem to stern"
},
{
"word": "give the stem"
},
{
"word": "heavenly stem"
},
{
"word": "i-stem"
},
{
"word": "Mach stem"
},
{
"word": "oblique stem"
},
{
"word": "o-stem"
},
{
"word": "question stem"
},
{
"word": "stem-and-leaf"
},
{
"word": "stem and leaf"
},
{
"word": "stem cell"
},
{
"word": "stem-clasping"
},
{
"word": "stem duchy"
},
{
"word": "stem family"
},
{
"word": "stem for stem"
},
{
"word": "stem ginger"
},
{
"word": "stem group"
},
{
"word": "stemless"
},
{
"word": "stem-loop"
},
{
"word": "stem mammal"
},
{
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"word": "stem node"
},
{
"word": "stemplot"
},
{
"word": "stem siren"
},
{
"word": "stem stitch"
},
{
"word": "stem the rose"
},
{
"word": "stem the tide"
},
{
"word": "stem-winder"
},
{
"word": "straw stem"
},
{
"word": "the apple does not fall far from the stem"
},
{
"word": "unstemmed"
},
{
"word": "u-stem"
},
{
"word": "wire stem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stamni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stamni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1634, John Milton, “Arcades”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "Where ye may all that are of noble ſtemm / Approach, and kiſs her ſacred veſtures hemm.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1633, George Herbert, Church Monuments:",
"text": "While I do pray, learn here thy stem / And true descent.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "This is a stem / Of that victorious stock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"cladistic",
"cladistic"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A branch of a family.",
"(taxonomy) A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An advanced or leading position; the lookout."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1736, Sir Walter Raleigh, The History of the World in Five Books:",
"text": "After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
],
[
"axis",
"axis"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"bulb",
"bulb"
],
[
"tuber",
"tuber"
],
[
"corm",
"corm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the stem of an apple or a cherry",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:",
"text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather."
],
"links": [
[
"slender",
"slender"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon."
],
"links": [
[
"wine glass",
"wine glass"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:narrow part"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"uninflected",
"inflection"
],
[
"affix",
"affix"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"conjugation",
"conjugation"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems."
],
"senseid": [
"en:grammar"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Lori Wilde, Rhonda Nelson, Cara Summers, August Harlequin Blaze:",
"text": "She was perfectly, fuckably proportioned everywhere else, both above and below her waist. A pocket-size Venus, with the longest stems he'd ever seen on someone so dang diminutive.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person's leg."
],
"links": [
[
"leg",
"leg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A person's leg."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Eric Bogosian, Wasted Beauty, page 135:",
"text": "Waves of ecstasy roll through him as the moustachioed Casanova slides his stem in and out of the spaced-out chick.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The penis."
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The penis."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography) A vertical stroke of a letter."
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tail"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "virgula"
}
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Karl Pedersen, Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Recording, Mixing, and Mastering Reference Handbook, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 268:",
"text": "Stem mastering processes a mix by breaking it down into several manageable pieces—that is, stereo stems. The stem approach allows the mastering engineer the opportunity to make larger or smaller changes to separate mix elements before the final compression and limiting are applied to the complete mix.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "Both we will walke vpon the loftie cliffes,\nAnd Chriſtian Merchants that with Ruſſian ſtems\nPlow vp huge furrowes in the Caſpian ſea,\nShall vaile to vs, as Lords of al the Lake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"keel",
"keel"
],
[
"strake",
"strake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cycling"
],
"glosses": [
"A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"handlebar",
"handlebar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork."
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"links": [
[
"crack pipe",
"crack pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"glosses": [
"A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"links": [
[
"winder",
"winder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "nəsil"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "soy"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herkunft"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "eredet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"word": "származás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea di discendenza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rid",
"sense": "stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рід"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "qol"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "haara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "sukuhaara"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zweig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seitenlinie"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "ág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"word": "nemzetség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ramo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linea"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch of a family",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"word": "johto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "advanced or leading position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vertice"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sāq nabāt",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "سَاق نَبَات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻoġun",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ցողուն"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövdə"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "zurtoin"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ɣerô",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო̂"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎbló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стъбло́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "стрък"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tall"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "莖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "樹幹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùgàn",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "树干"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "quiyōtl"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stængel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "steel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "spiktrunko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣero",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprossachse"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "míschos",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μίσχος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kaulós",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυλός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "giv'ol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גִּבְעוֹל"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "poon"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirpe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "fusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tronco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower, glass",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"alt": "みき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "trunk",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miki",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "幹"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ទង"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "thiəng",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ធាង"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "경"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qed"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stirps"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caulis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "stiebrs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stumbrs"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "ğeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stiebas"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tōtō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kākaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kakau"
},
{
"code": "min",
"lang": "Minangkabau",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "batang"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "ɣeri",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღერი"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sürel",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "сүрэл"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "ḍā̃ṭh",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "डाँठ"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tigue"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stengel"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tija"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sap",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "صاپ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâqe",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ساقه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Staum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "dried",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badyl"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "caule"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "trunchi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a tree",
"roman": "stvol",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ствол"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stébelʹ",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́бель"
},
{
"code": "str",
"lang": "Saanich",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "SȾESTASEs"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "steblo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "tallo"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "ɣēr",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ღე̄რ"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "shina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "punungtangkay"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "pere"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "stebló",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло́"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "thân"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"word": "kav"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtam",
"sense": "botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שטאַם"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "vana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kukkavarsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "lehtiruoti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "in a feather",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ruoto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tige"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stängel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strunk"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kotsáni",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοτσάνι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "nyél"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "kocsány"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "picciolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peduncolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"alt": "くき",
"code": "ja",
"english": "flower",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kuki",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "茎"
},
{
"alt": "じく",
"code": "ja",
"english": "leaf, feather",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страк"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "steblo",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стебло"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "tātā"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sap",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "صاپ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "of a fruit",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ogonek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "haste"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "peduncul"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "picior"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "coadă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a leaf or fruit",
"roman": "čerenók",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "черено́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a flower",
"roman": "cvetonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цветоно́жка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of a fruit",
"roman": "plodonóžka",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плодоно́жка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stonka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjälk"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gâan",
"sense": "slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant",
"word": "ก้าน"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drǎ́žka",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дръ́жка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "jalka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stiel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Holm"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gambo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stelo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "wine glass, tobacco pipe",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiku",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "軸"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "spoon",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "e",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"word": "柄"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drška",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дршка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "of a wine glass",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stett"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cybuch"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stérženʹ",
"sense": "narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сте́ржень"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaṣl",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَصْل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "himkʻ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "հիմք"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "thari",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ঠাৰি"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kök"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "asnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "асно́ва"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kóranʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рань"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pennrann"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóren",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "詞幹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cígàn",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "词干"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grondwoord"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "stamo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tüvi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "vartalo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wortstamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "théma",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θέμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "tő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "szótő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "igető"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "kata dasar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "sananpohja"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radice"
},
{
"alt": "ごかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gokan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "語幹"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "muullaʼsap",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "មូលសព្ទ"
},
{
"alt": "語幹",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "어간"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "celms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamienas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "osnova",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "основа"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "muttüŋ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "муттӱҥ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "raiç"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "radical"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "setâk",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "ستاک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rdzeń"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "temat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "radical"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórenʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рень"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏снова"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍsnova"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koreň"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osnova"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raíz"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ordstam"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "gövde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osnóva",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "осно́ва"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórinʹ",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рінь"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"word": "negiz"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: main part of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bôn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "pystyviiva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "kirjainrunko"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nóžka",
"sense": "typography: vertical stroke of a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "но́жка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "符桿"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fúgǎn",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "符杆"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Notenhals"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "szár"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"word": "tangkai not"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbyl"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "notskaft"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foršteven",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форщевен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stævn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorsteven"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stevni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "keulavannas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "kokkapuu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "steevi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "étrave"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vordersteven"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorsteven"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Steven"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "hajóorr"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "orr"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stefni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stem"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "ruota di prua"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "dritto di prua"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "tagliamare"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "êtâne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "framstamn"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stewa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talha-mar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nos",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "forštévenʹ",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "форште́вень"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prova"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "roda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"word": "stäv"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "förstäv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stuurpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"word": "ohjainkannatin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "potence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorbau"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Georgian translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bats translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Laz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Minangkabau translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saanich translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stamni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stamni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem cherries; to stem tobacco leaves",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the stem from."
],
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The current crisis stems from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 2, H Conley, “Studies show top surgery is safe for fat patients, but some surgeons still mandate weight loss”, in STAT:",
"text": "Weight stigma often stems from an idea that patients are at fault for their body size.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be caused or derived; to originate."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"originate",
"originate"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:originate"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To descend in a family line."
],
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 41, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 199:",
"text": "Nor is the pre-eminent tremendousness of the great Sperm Whale anywhere more feelingly comprehended, than on board of those prows which stem him.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"headway",
"headway"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.ii:",
"text": "As when two warlike Brigandines at sea, / With murdrous weapons arm'd to cruell fight, / Doe meete together on the watry lea, / They stemme ech other with so fell despight, / That with the shocke of their owne heedlesse might, / Their wooden ribs are shaken nigh a sonder […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"stem",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ram",
"ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole."
],
"links": [
[
"ram",
"ram"
],
[
"clay",
"clay"
],
[
"blasting",
"blasting"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to be due to"
},
{
"sense": "to originate, stem from",
"word": "to arise from"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "maham drǎžkite",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "махам дръжките"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontstelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ontnerven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "poistaa varsi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "équeuter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "entstielen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szárától megfoszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "szártalanít"
},
{
"alt": "черенки́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "отделя́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "härleda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the stem from",
"word": "ta ut stam"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proizhoždam",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "произхождам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pramenit z"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odvozovat se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "johtua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "aiheutua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "olla peräisin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "periytyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "résulter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "découler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "kommen von"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "herrühren von"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "sich begründen auf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "seine Ursache haben in"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "verursacht werden"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "ered"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivare (da)"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hottan to suru",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "発端とする"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "take"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "forårsake"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "wywodzić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "derivar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "originar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť sposobený"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "byť zapríčinený"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "koreniť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "arrancar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "venir de"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "proceder de"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "dimanar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härstamma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be caused or derived",
"word": "härröra"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "törəmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "nəslindən olmaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pocházet"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "põlvnema"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "polveutua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "provenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stammen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "abstammen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "herstammen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "származik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "discendere"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "poteknuva",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "потекнува"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descendre"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "descender"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proisxodítʹ",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "происходи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proizojtí",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "произойти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "pochádzať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "descender"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to descend in a family line",
"word": "stamma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to direct the stem of a ship against something",
"word": "ohjata kohti (jotakin)"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranja",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "тараня"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to hit with the stem of a ship; to ram",
"word": "puskea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "täyttää edestä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to ram something into a blasting hole",
"word": "tehdä esitäyttö"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stemmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "stemma",
"t": "to stop, stem, dam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish stemme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stammijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stammijaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stemmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stemmen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to stem a tide"
},
{
"ref": "1636 (date written), John Denham, “The Destruction of Troy, an Essay upon the Second Book of Virgils Æneis”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, 4th edition, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1668, →OCLC:",
"text": "[They] stem the flood with their erected breasts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barbarous age.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"links": [
[
"stop",
"stop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Skiing"
],
"glosses": [
"To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"links": [
[
"skiing",
"skiing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"skiing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In rock climbing, to use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaprištvam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заприщвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pregraždam",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "преграждам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hinderen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stelpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "padota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "seisauttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "flow",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tyrehdyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrêter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "aufhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hemmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "entgegenstemmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "eindämmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stillen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "gegen etwas ankämpfen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stamató",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "σταματώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "elállít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "leállít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "meggátol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "megakaszt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "coisc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "arrestare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamponare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekitomeru",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "堰止める"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "band âvardan",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "بند آوردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "tamować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "parar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protívitʹsja",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "проти́виться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadérživatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "заде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okázyvatʹ soprotivlénije",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "ока́зывать сопротивле́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prepjátstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "препя́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hejda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "hindra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "stämma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to stop, hinder",
"word": "dämma"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam na ralo",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "карам на рало"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "plužit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaplužit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aurata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "faire le chasse-neige"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "im Schneepflug fahren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ausstemmen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "fékez"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "aprire lo spazzaneve"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shutemu suru",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "シュテムする"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tormozítʹ \"plúgom\"",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "тормози́ть \"плу́гом\""
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "skiing: to point the skis inward",
"word": "ploga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "steem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of steem"
],
"links": [
[
"steem",
"steem#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "STEM"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015 May 29, BBC News, How do US black students perform at school?:",
"text": "Stem (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields are a particular cause for concern because within them there are more pronounced stereotypes, extreme competitiveness and gender inequities regarding the abilities and competencies of black male and female students.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of STEM"
],
"links": [
[
"STEM",
"STEM#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English blends",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stud",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Blend of stud + femme",
"name": "blend"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Blend of stud + femme",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stem (plural stems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "lesbian who combines stud and femme traits",
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of stemme (“lesbian who combines stud and femme traits”)"
],
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#English"
],
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stĕm"
},
{
"ipa": "/stɛm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg/En-us-stem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-stem.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stem"
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "English stem",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stemn"
},
"expansion": "Old English stemn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stamniz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stemku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "stemmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stemnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "stem (first-person possessive stemku, second-person possessive stemmu, third-person possessive stemnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stém"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Middle English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"id:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"stem: the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) stem: the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈstem]"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present active subjunctive of stō"
],
"links": [
[
"stō",
"sto#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stem/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[s̠t̪ɛ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stem/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[st̪ɛm]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of stemme"
],
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stemme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of stemme"
],
"links": [
[
"stemme",
"stemme#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "stamp"
},
"expansion": "English stamp",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English stamp.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin nouns",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English"
],
"glosses": [
"stamp"
],
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
]
]
}
],
"word": "stem"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stem meaning in All languages combined (96.3kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: German: __IGNORE__ (2)",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Swedish: __IGNORE__ (5); __IGNORE__ (2,7); __IGNORE__ (3,4); __IGNORE__ (6)",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": otdeljátʹ (čerenkí) vs. черенки́",
"path": [
"stem"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "stem/Latin/verb: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"verb form\"}, \"expansion\": \"stem\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin non-lemma forms\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Latin verb forms\", \"Pages with 8 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"form_of\": [{\"word\": \"stō\"}], \"glosses\": [\"first-person singular present active subjunctive of stō\"], \"links\": [[\"stō\", \"sto#Latin\"]], \"tags\": [\"active\", \"first-person\", \"form-of\", \"present\", \"singular\", \"subjunctive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/stem/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[s̠t̪ɛ̃ˑ]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/stem/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[st̪ɛm]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"word\": \"stem\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "stem/Latin/verb: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"verb form\"}, \"expansion\": \"stem\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin non-lemma forms\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Latin verb forms\", \"Pages with 8 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"form_of\": [{\"word\": \"stō\"}], \"glosses\": [\"first-person singular present active subjunctive of stō\"], \"links\": [[\"stō\", \"sto#Latin\"]], \"tags\": [\"active\", \"first-person\", \"form-of\", \"present\", \"singular\", \"subjunctive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/stem/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[s̠t̪ɛ̃ˑ]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/stem/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[st̪ɛm]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"word\": \"stem\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "stem",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.