See ruler in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ruler meaning in English (49.7kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "en:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "agate ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "architect's ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "co-ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "drafter's ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "home ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "parallel ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "planet-ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "puppet ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scale ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sign ruler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "standard ruler"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reuler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reuler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rule",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "rule + -er",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruler (plural rulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "person"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "autocrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "crown prince"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "despot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "dictator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "dynast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "emperor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "empress"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "governor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "king"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "monarch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "potentate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "prince"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "princess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "queen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "regent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "satrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "sovereign"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tyrant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "viceroy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "chief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "czar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "czarina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "emir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Führer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "kaiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "khagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "khan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "maharajah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "maharani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "mikado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Negus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "nizam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Padishah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "pharaoh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "rajah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "rani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "shah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "sultan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tsar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tsarina"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "caliph"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "generalissimo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "head of state"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "leader"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "magistrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "magnate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "mogul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "shogun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tycoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "grand poobah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "high muckamuck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "nabob"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Eminence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Excellency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Grace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Highness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Lordship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Majesty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Royal Highness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Sire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "boss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "important person"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 28 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 19 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Measuring instruments",
"orig": "en:Measuring instruments",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stationery",
"orig": "en:Stationery",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings."
],
"id": "en-ruler-en-noun-vB0ZAsiw",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"rectangular",
"rectangular"
],
[
"graduation",
"graduation"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"measurement",
"measurement"
],
[
"straightedge",
"straightedge"
],
[
"marking",
"marking"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "measuring instrument",
"word": "rule"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "liniale"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vizore"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "misṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مِسْطَرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "masṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسطرة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "másṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسطرة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʿanon",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "քանոն"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regla"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "xətkeş"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "xətçəkən"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "erregela"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "linjéjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ліне́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "mapni",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "মাপনী"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "liníjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лини́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "myany:tam",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "မျည်းတံ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "regle"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "tutuku"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "atsilosdi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᎠᏥᎶᏍᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "間尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "gaan³ cek³⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan³ cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "间尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zik⁶ cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "直尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "čɨzɨ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "чызы"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíchǐ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "直尺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐzi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺子"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pravítko"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "meetlat"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "joonlaud"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "viivain"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "viivoitin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "règle"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "latte"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regra"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxazavi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "სახაზავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lineal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chárakas",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάρακας"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ríga",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ρίγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khárax",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάραξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sargél",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סַרְגֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paimānā",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पैमाना"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rūlar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रूलर"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "vonalzó"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reglustika"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "linealo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "penggaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "mistar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rialóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "righello"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "じょうぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōgi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "定規"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "ものさし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "monosashi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "物差し"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūrā",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ルーラー"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "kimzä",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "кимзә"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "aḷate paṭṭi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ಅಳತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "syzğyş",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызғыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑntŏət",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "បន្ទាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ja",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "자"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rulleo",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "룰러"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "rastkêş"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "cedwel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "sızgıc",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызгыч"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lo",
"english": "mai ban that",
"lang": "Lao",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ໄມ້ບັນທັດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linejals"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rēgula"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lineāls"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liniuotė"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "may²taek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᦺᦙᧉᦶᦑᧅ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "linijar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "линијар"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "pembaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "c'y",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᡱᡳ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "jušuru",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šugam",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шугам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "bee ídaʼneelʼąąhí"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "nāp",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "नाप"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "skel",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "स्केल"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "relle"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "regolsticca"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xataka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ختکه"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xat kax̌",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خط کښ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "xat-keš",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "خَطْکِش"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "xat keš",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "خَط کِش"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linijka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "régua"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riglă"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "linéjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лине́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "цр̏тало"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра̀внало"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cȑtalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ràvnalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pravítko"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ravnilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regla"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "rula"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "galod"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "xat",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "хат"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "xatkašak",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "хаткашак"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "sızgıç",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызгыч"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cädwäl",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "җәдвәл"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mái-ban-tát",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ไม้บรรทัด"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "mäsmär",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "መስመር"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "cetvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineýka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "liníjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ліні́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mistar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مِسْطَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rūlar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رُولَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "paimāna",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پَیمانَہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "sizghuch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "سىزغۇچ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineyka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "chizgʻich"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "thước kẻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "thước"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pren mesur"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llinellydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "peymenek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mastar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stationery",
"orig": "en:Stationery",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 122",
"text": "The carcharhinids are unquestionably the rulers of the seas, because of their abundance, their strength and speed, and their unchallenged position as the number one predators in the marine ecosystem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 252",
"text": "LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.\nThey live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others."
],
"id": "en-ruler-en-noun-WtKQ5rPf",
"links": [
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"dominion",
"dominion"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "heerser"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sundimtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاكِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥakem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاكم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tirakal",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "տիրակալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökmdar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hakim"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökmran"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "batşa",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "батша"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xakim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "хаким"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pravícjelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праві́цель"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "uladár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "улада́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaśok",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "শাসক"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlastelín",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "властели́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gospodár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "господа́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vladétel",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владе́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "uphkyupsau:su",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "အုပ်ချုပ်သောသူ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "líder"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "governant"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ugvwiyuhi",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "統治者"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǒngzhìzhě",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "统治者"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vládce"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hersker"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heerser"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḥqꜣ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "HqA-q-A-A1"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "regnestro"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "riigivalitseja"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hallitsija"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dirigeant"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mmartveli",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "მმართველი"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herrscher"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "reiks",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "fraujinōnds",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kyvernítis",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κυβερνήτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "arkhós",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἀρχός"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "árkhōn",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἄρχων"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hēgemṓn",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἡγεμών"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "chèf"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "manhíg",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַנְהִיג"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shálit",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁלִּיט"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śāsak",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हाकिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hukmarān",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हुक्मरान"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "uralkodó"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alvaldur"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drottnari"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rialtóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sovrano"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "しはいしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shihaisha",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "支配者"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "ちじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chiji",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "知事"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "とうちしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōchisha",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "統治者"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ratu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bileuşı",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "билеуші"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "basqaruşy",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "басқарушы"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"class-1"
],
"word": "mũthamaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "統治者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tongchija",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "통치자"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "支配者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jibaeja",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "지배자"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hikumdar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "biy",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "бий"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "başkaruucu",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "башкаруучу"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "akim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "аким"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaļdinīks"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tyrannus"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valdnieks"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valdovas"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladetel",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владетел"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владар"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "pemerintah"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "reuler"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "senyour"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zaxiragč",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "захирагч"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "tecutli"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersker"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "makthaver"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "herskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "makthavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "prg",
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rikīs"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"alt": "qǧn¹ /qaɣan/",
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "𐰴𐰍𐰣"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hükümdar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حكمدار"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "hākem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاکم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hâkem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حاکِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hokmrân",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حُکْمْران"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "vâli",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "والی"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "władca"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "włodarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "governante"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guvernant"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "domnitor"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravítelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прави́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastelín",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "властели́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastítelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "власти́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gosudárʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "госуда́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "adhipa",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अधिप"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "śāsaka",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "вла̀да̄р"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "во̏ђа"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vlàdār"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vȍđa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vládca"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vladar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "gobernante"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härskare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ledare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tby",
"lang": "Tabaru",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "koana"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "naghahari"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "hokim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ҳоким"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "hukmdor",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ҳукмдор"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "xaqim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "хаким"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "adhikāri",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "అధికారి"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tft",
"lang": "Ternate",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "kolano"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu-am-nuai-gaan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ผู้ว่าการ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "kamartīke"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hükümdar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hükümran"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökümdar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pravýtelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прави́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "volodár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волода́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاکِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hukmarān",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حُکْمَران"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "vālī",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "والی"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "hökümdar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ھۆكۈمدار"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "hakim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ھاكىم"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hukmdor"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hokim"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "người thống trị"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"word": "heersers"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pravícjelʹka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "праві́целька"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vladételka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "владе́телка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vládkyně"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "herskerinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heerseres"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herrscherin"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"word": "uralkodónő"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaļdineica"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dominatrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valdniece"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valdovė"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladetelka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "владетелка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "władczyni"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravítelʹnica",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прави́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastítelʹnica",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власти́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gosudárynja",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "госуда́рыня"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vládkyňa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härskarinna"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pravýtelʹka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прави́телька"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.lə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʉwlə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːl.ə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʊwɫə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹulɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːlə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ruler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg/En-us-ruler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "overling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "provost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "ruler"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruler"
],
"word": "ruler"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "en:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reuler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reuler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rule",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "rule + -er",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rulered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rulered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruler (third-person singular simple present rulers, present participle rulering, simple past and past participle rulered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 32 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Stationery",
"orig": "en:Stationery",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment)."
],
"id": "en-ruler-en-verb-ie4fCH1x",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.lə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʉwlə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːl.ə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʊwɫə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹulɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːlə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ruler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg/En-us-ruler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruler"
],
"word": "ruler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Malay translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Tagalog translations",
"Requests for review of Tamil translations",
"Requests for review of Ukrainian translations",
"Requests for review of Uzbek translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for review of Yiddish translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːlə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/uːlə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Government",
"en:Measuring instruments",
"en:People",
"en:Stationery"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agate ruler"
},
{
"word": "architect's ruler"
},
{
"word": "co-ruler"
},
{
"word": "drafter's ruler"
},
{
"word": "home ruler"
},
{
"word": "parallel ruler"
},
{
"word": "planet-ruler"
},
{
"word": "puppet ruler"
},
{
"word": "scale ruler"
},
{
"word": "sign ruler"
},
{
"word": "standard ruler"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reuler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reuler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rule",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "rule + -er",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruler (plural rulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "person"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "autocrat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "crown prince"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "despot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "dictator"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "duke"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "dynast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "emperor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "empress"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "governor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "king"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "monarch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "potentate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "prince"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "princess"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "queen"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "regent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "satrap"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "sovereign"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tyrant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "viceroy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "chief"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "czar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "czarina"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "emir"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Führer"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "kaiser"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "khagan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "khan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "maharajah"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "maharani"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "mikado"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Negus"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "nizam"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Padishah"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "pharaoh"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "rajah"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "rani"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "shah"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "sultan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tsar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tsarina"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "caliph"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "generalissimo"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "head of state"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "leader"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "magistrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "magnate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "mogul"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "shogun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "tycoon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "grand poobah"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "high muckamuck"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "nabob"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Eminence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Excellency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Grace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Highness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Lordship"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Majesty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Royal Highness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "Sire"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "boss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "important person"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings."
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"rectangular",
"rectangular"
],
[
"graduation",
"graduation"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"measurement",
"measurement"
],
[
"straightedge",
"straightedge"
],
[
"marking",
"marking"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 122",
"text": "The carcharhinids are unquestionably the rulers of the seas, because of their abundance, their strength and speed, and their unchallenged position as the number one predators in the marine ecosystem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 252",
"text": "LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.\nThey live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others."
],
"links": [
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"dominion",
"dominion"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.lə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʉwlə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːl.ə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʊwɫə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹulɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːlə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ruler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg/En-us-ruler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "measuring instrument",
"word": "rule"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "overling"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "provost"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:ruler",
"word": "ruler"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniaal"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "liniale"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vizore"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "misṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مِسْطَرَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "masṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسطرة"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "másṭara",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسطرة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʿanon",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "քանոն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regla"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "xətkeş"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "xətçəkən"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "erregela"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "linjéjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ліне́йка"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "mapni",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "মাপনী"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "liníjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лини́йка"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "myany:tam",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "မျည်းတံ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "regle"
},
{
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "tutuku"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "atsilosdi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᎠᏥᎶᏍᏗ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "間尺"
},
{
"alt": "gaan³ cek³⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan³ cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "间尺"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zik⁶ cek³",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "直尺"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "čɨzɨ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "чызы"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "尺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíchǐ",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "直尺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐzi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "尺子"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pravítko"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "meetlat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniaal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "liniilo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "joonlaud"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "viivain"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "viivoitin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "règle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "latte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxazavi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "სახაზავი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lineal"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chárakas",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάρακας"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ríga",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ρίγα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khárax",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάραξ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sargél",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סַרְגֵל"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paimānā",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पैमाना"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rūlar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रूलर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "vonalzó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reglustika"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "linealo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "penggaris"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "mistar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rialóir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "righello"
},
{
"alt": "じょうぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōgi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "定規"
},
{
"alt": "ものさし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "monosashi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "物差し"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūrā",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ルーラー"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "kimzä",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "кимзә"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "aḷate paṭṭi",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ಅಳತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "syzğyş",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызғыш"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑntŏət",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "បន្ទាត់"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ja",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rulleo",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "룰러"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "rastkêş"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "cedwel"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "sızgıc",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызгыч"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"english": "mai ban that",
"lang": "Lao",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ໄມ້ບັນທັດ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linejals"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rēgula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lineāls"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liniuotė"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "may²taek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᦺᦙᧉᦶᦑᧅ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "linijar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "линијар"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "pembaris"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riga"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "c'y",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᡱᡳ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "jušuru",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ᠵᡠᡧᡠᡵᡠ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šugam",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шугам"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "bee ídaʼneelʼąąhí"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "nāp",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "नाप"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "skel",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "स्केल"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "relle"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "regolsticca"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xataka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ختکه"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "xat kax̌",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خط کښ"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "xat-keš",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "خَطْکِش"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "xat keš",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "خَط کِش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linijka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "régua"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riglă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "linéjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лине́йка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "цр̏тало"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра̀внало"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cȑtalo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ràvnalo"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pravítko"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ravnilo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "regla"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "rula"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "linjal"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "galod"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "xat",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "хат"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "xatkašak",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "хаткашак"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "sızgıç",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "сызгыч"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cädwäl",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "җәдвәл"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mái-ban-tát",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "ไม้บรรทัด"
},
{
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "mäsmär",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "መስመር"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "cetvel"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineýka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "liníjka",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ліні́йка"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mistar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مِسْطَر"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rūlar",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رُولَر"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "paimāna",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "پَیمانَہ"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "sizghuch",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "سىزغۇچ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "lineyka"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "chizgʻich"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "thước kẻ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"word": "thước"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pren mesur"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llinellydd"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "peymenek"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "measuring or drawing device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mastar"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "heerser"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sundimtar"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَاكِم"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥakem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاكم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tirakal",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "տիրակալ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökmdar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hakim"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökmran"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "batşa",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "батша"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xakim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "хаким"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pravícjelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праві́цель"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "uladár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "улада́р"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaśok",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "শাসক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlastelín",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "властели́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gospodár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "господа́р"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vladétel",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владе́тел"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "uphkyupsau:su",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "အုပ်ချုပ်သောသူ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "líder"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "governant"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ugvwiyuhi",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "統治者"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǒngzhìzhě",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "统治者"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vládce"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hersker"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heerser"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḥqꜣ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "HqA-q-A-A1"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "regnestro"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "riigivalitseja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hallitsija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dirigeant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chef"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mmartveli",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "მმართველი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Herrscher"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "reiks",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "fraujinōnds",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kyvernítis",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κυβερνήτης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "arkhós",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἀρχός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "árkhōn",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἄρχων"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hēgemṓn",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἡγεμών"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "chèf"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "manhíg",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַנְהִיג"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shálit",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁלִּיט"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śāsak",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हाकिम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hukmarān",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हुक्मरान"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "uralkodó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alvaldur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drottnari"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rialtóir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sovrano"
},
{
"alt": "しはいしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shihaisha",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "支配者"
},
{
"alt": "ちじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chiji",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "知事"
},
{
"alt": "とうちしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōchisha",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "統治者"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ratu"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bileuşı",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "билеуші"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "basqaruşy",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "басқарушы"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"class-1"
],
"word": "mũthamaki"
},
{
"alt": "統治者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tongchija",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "통치자"
},
{
"alt": "支配者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jibaeja",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "지배자"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hikumdar"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "biy",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "бий"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "başkaruucu",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "башкаруучу"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "akim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "аким"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vaļdinīks"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tyrannus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valdnieks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valdovas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladetel",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владетел"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "владар"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "pemerintah"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "reuler"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "senyour"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zaxiragč",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "захирагч"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "tecutli"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersker"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "makthaver"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "herskar"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "makthavar"
},
{
"code": "prg",
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rikīs"
},
{
"alt": "qǧn¹ /qaɣan/",
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "𐰴𐰍𐰣"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hükümdar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حكمدار"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "hākem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاکم"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hâkem",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حاکِم"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hokmrân",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "حُکْمْران"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "vâli",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "والی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "władca"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "włodarz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "governante"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guvernant"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "domnitor"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravítelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прави́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastelín",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "властели́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastítelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "власти́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gosudárʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "госуда́рь"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "adhipa",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अधिप"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "śāsaka",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शासक"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "вла̀да̄р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "во̏ђа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vlàdār"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vȍđa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vládca"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vladar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "gobernante"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härskare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ledare"
},
{
"code": "tby",
"lang": "Tabaru",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "koana"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "naghahari"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "hokim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ҳоким"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "hukmdor",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ҳукмдор"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "xaqim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "хаким"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "adhikāri",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "అధికారి"
},
{
"code": "tft",
"lang": "Ternate",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "kolano"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûu-am-nuai-gaan",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ผู้ว่าการ"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "kamartīke"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hükümdar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hükümran"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hökümdar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pravýtelʹ",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прави́тель"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "volodár",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волода́р"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hākim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حاکِم"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "hukmarān",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حُکْمَران"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "vālī",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "والی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "hökümdar",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ھۆكۈمدار"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "hakim",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "ھاكىم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hukmdor"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "hokim"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "person who rules or governs",
"word": "người thống trị"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"word": "heersers"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pravícjelʹka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "праві́целька"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vladételka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "владе́телка"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vládkyně"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "herskerinde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heerseres"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herrscherin"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"word": "uralkodónő"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaļdineica"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dominatrix"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valdniece"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valdovė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vladetelka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "владетелка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "władczyni"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravítelʹnica",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прави́тельница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vlastítelʹnica",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "власти́тельница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gosudárynja",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "госуда́рыня"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vládkyňa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "härskarinna"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pravýtelʹka",
"sense": "a female person who rules or governs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прави́телька"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruler"
],
"word": "ruler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Lao translations",
"Requests for review of Malay translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Tagalog translations",
"Requests for review of Tamil translations",
"Requests for review of Ukrainian translations",
"Requests for review of Uzbek translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Requests for review of Yiddish translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːlə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/uːlə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Government",
"en:Measuring instruments",
"en:People",
"en:Stationery"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reuler"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reuler",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rule",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "rule + -er",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English reuler; equivalent to rule + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rulers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rulering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rulered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rulered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruler (third-person singular simple present rulers, present participle rulering, simple past and past participle rulered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To beat with a ruler (as a traditional school punishment)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuː.lə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʉwlə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹuːl.ə/",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɹʊwɫə]",
"note": "UK, goose split"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹulɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːlə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-uk-ruler-device.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg.mp3",
"note": "with goose split",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-ruler-person.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "audio (UK with goose split)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ruler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg/En-us-ruler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-us-ruler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruler"
],
"word": "ruler"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": chhioh vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"ruler"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruler",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.