"empress" meaning in English

See empress in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɛmpɹəs/ Audio: en-us-empress.ogg [US] Forms: empresses [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|emperice}} Middle English emperice, {{m|enm|emperesse}} emperesse, {{der|en|xno|-}} Anglo-Norman, {{der|en|fro|empereriz}} Old French empereriz, {{der|en|la|imperatrix}} Latin imperatrix, {{suf|en|emperor|ess|nocat=1}} emperor + -ess, {{doublet|en|imperatrix}} Doublet of imperatrix, {{cog|fr|impératrice}} French impératrice Head templates: {{en-noun}} empress (plural empresses)
  1. The female monarch (ruler) of an empire. Categories (topical): Female people, Heads of state, Imperialism, Monarchy Categories (lifeform): Female animals Translations (female monarch of an empire): perandoreshë [feminine] (Albanian), إِمْبِرَاطُورَة (ʔimbirāṭūra) [feminine] (Arabic), مَلِكَة (malika) [feminine] (Arabic), قَيْصَرَة (qayṣara) [feminine] (Arabic), կայսրուհի (kaysruhi) (Armenian), amirãroanji [feminine] (Aromanian), imperatriçə (Azerbaijani), імператры́ца (impjeratrýca) [feminine] (Belarusian), цары́ца (carýca) [feminine] (Belarusian), সম্রাজ্ঞী (śomrajni) (Bengali), императри́ца (imperatríca) [feminine] (Bulgarian), цари́ца (caríca) [feminine] (Bulgarian), ဧကရီ (eka.ri) (Burmese), emperadriu [feminine] (Catalan), 女皇 (nǚhuáng) (Chinese Mandarin), císařovna [feminine] (Czech), kejserinde [common-gender] (Danish), keizerin [feminine] (Dutch), imperiestrino (Esperanto), keisrinna (Estonian), keisarinna (Finnish), šaahitar (english: female shah) (Finnish), impératrice [feminine] (French), emperatriz [feminine] (Galician), დედოფალი (dedopali) (Georgian), Kaiserin [feminine] (German), αυτοκράτειρα (aftokráteira) [feminine] (Greek), સમ્રાજ્ઞી (samrājñī) (Gujarati), קיסרית (qeysarit) [feminine] (Hebrew), महारानी (mahārānī) [feminine] (Hindi), साम्राज्ञी (sāmrājñī) [feminine] (Hindi), मलिका (malikā) [feminine] (Hindi), सुल्ताना (sultānā) [Muslim, feminine] (Hindi), császárnő (Hungarian), keisaraynja [feminine] (Icelandic), maharani (Indonesian), maharatu (Indonesian), banimpire [masculine] (Irish), imperatrice [feminine] (Italian), 女帝 (jotei) (alt: じょてい) (Japanese), 女皇 (jokō) (alt: じょこう) (Japanese), патшайым (patşaiym) (Kazakh), патшаханым (patşaxanym) (Kazakh), император әйел (imperator äiel) (Kazakh), អធិរាជិនី (ʼaʼthiriəcinii) (Khmer), រាជិនី (riəcinii) (Khmer), 여제 (yeoje) (alt: 女帝) (Korean), 녀제 (nyeoje) (alt: 女帝) [North-Korea] (Korean), 여황 (yeohwang) (alt: 女皇) (Korean), 녀황 (nyeohwang) (alt: 女皇) [North-Korea] (Korean), императрица (imperatritsa) (Kyrgyz), император аял (imperator ayal) (Kyrgyz), ханыша (hanışa) (Kyrgyz), ຈັກກະພັດດິນິ (chak ka phat di ni) (Lao), ລາຊິນີ (lā si nī) (Lao), imperātrīx [feminine] (Latin), imperatore [feminine] (Latvian), ķeizariene [feminine] (Latvian), imperatorė [feminine] (Lithuanian), царица (carica) [feminine] (Macedonian), императорка (imperatorka) [feminine] (Macedonian), maharani (Malay), permaisuri (Malay), ard-venrein [feminine] (Manx), emperice (Middle English), keiserinne [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), keisarinne [feminine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), cāseren [feminine] (Old English), امپراتوره (amparātoāra) [feminine] (Pashto), امپراتریس (emperâtris) (Persian), ملکه (maleke) (Persian), cesarzowa [feminine] (Polish), imperatorowa [feminine] (Polish), imperatriz [feminine] (Portuguese), imperadora [feminine] (Portuguese), împărăteasă [feminine] (Romanian), императри́ца (imperatríca) [feminine] (Russian), цари́ца (caríca) [feminine] (Russian), ban-ìmpire [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), импѐра̄торица [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), ца̏рица [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), impèrātorica [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), cȁrica [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), cisárovná [feminine] (Slovak), cesarica [feminine] (Slovene), emperatriz [feminine] (Spanish), kejsarinna [common-gender] (Swedish), малика (malika) (Tajik), చక్రవర్తిని (cakravartini) (Telugu), จักรพรรดินี (jàk-grà-pát-dì-nii) (Thai), ราชินี (raa-chí-nii) (Thai), imparatoriçe [feminine] (Turkish), імператри́ця (imperatrýcja) [feminine] (Ukrainian), цари́ця (carýcja) [feminine] (Ukrainian), مہارانی (mahārānī) [feminine] (Urdu), ملکہ (malikā) [feminine] (Urdu), سلطانہ (sultānā) [feminine] (Urdu), ئايال پادىشاھ (ayal padishah) (Uyghur), imperator xotini (Uzbek), imperator ayol (Uzbek), malika (Uzbek), hoàng hậu (Vietnamese), nữ hoàng (Vietnamese), kazeryn [feminine] (Vilamovian), ymerodres [feminine] (Welsh), keizerinne [common-gender] (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-empress-en-noun-~IxS6bHh Disambiguation of Female people: 45 7 5 41 3 0 Disambiguation of Heads of state: 35 25 25 2 11 3 Disambiguation of Imperialism: 34 30 24 2 9 2 Disambiguation of Monarchy: 37 25 23 2 9 5 Disambiguation of Female animals: 36 4 10 42 6 1 Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ess (female) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ess (female): 33 4 13 39 6 6 Disambiguation of 'female monarch of an empire': 64 7 1 27 0
  2. The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler. Categories (topical): Imperialism Categories (lifeform): Lamiales order plants Translations (wife or widow of an emperor): إِمْبْرَاطُورَة (ʔimbrāṭūra) [feminine] (Arabic), زَوْجَةْ إِمِبْرَاطُور (zawjat ʔimibrāṭūr) [feminine] (Arabic), կայսրուհի (kaysruhi) (Armenian), সম্রাজ্ঞী (śomrajni) (Bengali), emperadriu [feminine] (Catalan), 皇后 (huánghòu) (Chinese Mandarin), 王后 (wánghòu) (Chinese Mandarin), císařovna [feminine] (Czech), kejserinde [common-gender] (Danish), enkekejserinde (english: widow of an emperor) [common-gender] (Danish), keizerin [feminine] (Dutch), imperiestrino (Esperanto), keisarinna (Finnish), šaahitar (english: wife or widow of a shah) (Finnish), Kaiserin [feminine] (German), αυτοκράτειρα (aftokráteira) [feminine] (Greek), császárné (Hungarian), banimpire [masculine] (Irish), imperatrice [feminine] (Italian), 皇后 (kōgō) (alt: こうごう) (Japanese), 王后 (ōkō) (alt: おうこう) (Japanese), император әйел (imperator äiel) (Kazakh), អធិរាជិនី (ʼaʼthiriəcinii) (Khmer), 황후 (hwanghu) (alt: 皇后) (Korean), 왕후 (wanghu) (alt: 王后) (Korean), imperatrix [feminine] (Latin), imperatrise [feminine] (Latvian), ķeizariene [feminine] (Latvian), imperatorienė [feminine] (Lithuanian), царица (carica) [feminine] (Macedonian), императорка (imperatorka) [feminine] (Macedonian), maharani (Malay), ard-venrein [feminine] (Manx), emperice (Middle English), keiserinne [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), keisarinne [feminine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), cāseren [feminine] (Old English), imperatriz [feminine] (Portuguese), împărăteasă [feminine] (Romanian), императри́ца (imperatríca) [feminine] (Russian), ban-ìmpire [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), cesarica [feminine] (Slovene), emperatriz [feminine] (Spanish), імператри́ця (imperatrýcja) [feminine] (Ukrainian), hoàng hậu (Vietnamese), ymerodres [feminine] (Welsh), keizerinne [common-gender] (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-empress-en-noun-Uq5RvqpW Disambiguation of Imperialism: 34 30 24 2 9 2 Disambiguation of Lamiales order plants: 3 13 36 3 31 13 Disambiguation of 'wife or widow of an emperor': 25 65 7 1 2
  3. (tarot) The third trump or major arcana card of most tarot decks. Categories (topical): Cartomancy, Imperialism Categories (lifeform): Female animals, Hominids, Lamiales order plants
    Sense id: en-empress-en-noun-epKGwToz Disambiguation of Imperialism: 34 30 24 2 9 2 Disambiguation of Female animals: 36 4 10 42 6 1 Disambiguation of Hominids: 6 14 43 17 17 3 Disambiguation of Lamiales order plants: 3 13 36 3 31 13 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ess (female), English terms suffixed with -ess (wife) Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 16 53 1 22 7 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ess (female): 33 4 13 39 6 6 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ess (wife): 3 22 37 3 16 19 Topics: human-sciences, mysticism, philosophy, sciences, tarot
  4. (rare) A female chimpanzee. Tags: rare Categories (topical): Female people Categories (lifeform): Female animals
    Sense id: en-empress-en-noun-aZvcoctP Disambiguation of Female people: 45 7 5 41 3 0 Disambiguation of Female animals: 36 4 10 42 6 1 Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ess (female) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ess (female): 33 4 13 39 6 6
  5. A deciduous tree, Paulownia tomentosa Categories (lifeform): Lamiales order plants
    Sense id: en-empress-en-noun-oadg1Rwt Disambiguation of Lamiales order plants: 3 13 36 3 31 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: emperess, empresse [obsolete] Derived forms: empress cloth, empress dowager, empress regnant, empress tree
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ Forms: empresses [present, singular, third-person], empressing [participle, present], empressed [participle, past], empressed [past]
Rhymes: -ɛs Etymology: From Middle English empresse, from Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”), from Old French empresser. Attested from the 15th or late 14th century. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|empresse}} Middle English empresse, {{der|en|xno|enpresser||to press, to imprint}} Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”), {{der|en|fro|empresser}} Old French empresser Head templates: {{en-verb}} empress (third-person singular simple present empresses, present participle empressing, simple past and past participle empressed)
  1. Rare form of impress. Tags: form-of, rare Form of: impress Categories (lifeform): Lamiales order plants
    Sense id: en-empress-en-verb-7u~8WY4Q Disambiguation of Lamiales order plants: 3 13 36 3 31 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for empress meaning in English (32.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "empress cloth"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "empress dowager"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "empress regnant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "empress tree"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "emperice"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English emperice",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "emperesse"
      },
      "expansion": "emperesse",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "empereriz"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French empereriz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "imperatrix"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin imperatrix",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "emperor",
        "3": "ess",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "emperor + -ess",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "imperatrix"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of imperatrix",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "impératrice"
      },
      "expansion": "French impératrice",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "empresses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empress (plural empresses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 4 13 39 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 4 10 42 6 1",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female animals",
          "orig": "en:Female animals",
          "parents": [
            "Animals",
            "Female",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Gender",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 7 5 41 3 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female people",
          "orig": "en:Female people",
          "parents": [
            "Female",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 25 25 2 11 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Heads of state",
          "orig": "en:Heads of state",
          "parents": [
            "Government",
            "Positions of authority",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Leaders",
            "Occupations",
            "All topics",
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 30 24 2 9 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Imperialism",
          "orig": "en:Imperialism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 25 23 2 9 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Monarchy",
          "orig": "en:Monarchy",
          "parents": [
            "Forms of government",
            "High society",
            "Government",
            "Society",
            "Politics",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The female monarch (ruler) of an empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-noun-~IxS6bHh",
      "links": [
        [
          "monarch",
          "monarch"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "perandoreshë"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔimbirāṭūra",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "إِمْبِرَاطُورَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "malika",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مَلِكَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "qayṣara",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "قَيْصَرَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kaysruhi",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "կայսրուհի"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "amirãroanji"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "imperatriçə"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "impjeratrýca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "імператры́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "carýca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цары́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śomrajni",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "সম্রাজ্ঞী"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "imperatríca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "императри́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "caríca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цари́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "eka.ri",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ဧကရီ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "emperadriu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "nǚhuáng",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "女皇"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "císařovna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kejserinde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "keizerin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "imperiestrino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "keisrinna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "keisarinna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "female shah",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "šaahitar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impératrice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "emperatriz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "dedopali",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "დედოფალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kaiserin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "aftokráteira",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αυτοκράτειρα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "gu",
          "lang": "Gujarati",
          "roman": "samrājñī",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "સમ્રાજ્ઞી"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "qeysarit",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "קיסרית"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "mahārānī",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "महारानी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sāmrājñī",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "साम्राज्ञी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "malikā",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "मलिका"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sultānā",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "Muslim",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "सुल्ताना"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "császárnő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "keisaraynja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "maharani"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "maharatu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "banimpire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatrice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "じょてい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jotei",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "女帝"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "じょこう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jokō",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "女皇"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "patşaiym",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "патшайым"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "patşaxanym",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "патшаханым"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "imperator äiel",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "император әйел"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "ʼaʼthiriəcinii",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "អធិរាជិនី"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "riəcinii",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "រាជិនី"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "女帝",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "yeoje",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "여제"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "女帝",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "nyeoje",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "North-Korea"
          ],
          "word": "녀제"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "女皇",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "yeohwang",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "여황"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "alt": "女皇",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "nyeohwang",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "North-Korea"
          ],
          "word": "녀황"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "imperatritsa",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "императрица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "imperator ayal",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "император аял"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "hanışa",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ханыша"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "chak ka phat di ni",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ຈັກກະພັດດິນິ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "lā si nī",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ລາຊິນີ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperātrīx"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatore"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ķeizariene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatorė"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "carica",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "царица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "imperatorka",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "императорка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "maharani"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "permaisuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ard-venrein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "emperice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "keiserinne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "keisarinne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cāseren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "roman": "amparātoāra",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "امپراتوره"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "emperâtris",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "امپراتریس"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "maleke",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ملکه"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cesarzowa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatorowa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatriz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperadora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "împărăteasă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "imperatríca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "императри́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "caríca",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цари́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ban-ìmpire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "импѐра̄торица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ца̏рица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impèrātorica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cȁrica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cisárovná"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cesarica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "emperatriz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kejsarinna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "malika",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "малика"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "cakravartini",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "చక్రవర్తిని"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "jàk-grà-pát-dì-nii",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "จักรพรรดินี"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "raa-chí-nii",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ราชินี"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imparatoriçe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "imperatrýcja",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "імператри́ця"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "carýcja",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цари́ця"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "mahārānī",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مہارانی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "malikā",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ملکہ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "sultānā",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "سلطانہ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "ayal padishah",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "ئايال پادىشاھ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "imperator xotini"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "imperator ayol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "malika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "hoàng hậu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "word": "nữ hoàng"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "wym",
          "lang": "Vilamovian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kazeryn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ymerodres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "64 7 1 27 0",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "keizerinne"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 36 3 31 13",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Lamiales order plants",
          "orig": "en:Lamiales order plants",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 30 24 2 9 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Imperialism",
          "orig": "en:Imperialism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, page 211",
          "text": "Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler."
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-noun-Uq5RvqpW",
      "links": [
        [
          "emperor",
          "emperor"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔimbrāṭūra",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "إِمْبْرَاطُورَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "zawjat ʔimibrāṭūr",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "زَوْجَةْ إِمِبْرَاطُور"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kaysruhi",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "կայսրուհի"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śomrajni",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "সম্রাজ্ঞী"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "emperadriu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "huánghòu",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "皇后"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "wánghòu",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "王后"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "císařovna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kejserinde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "da",
          "english": "widow of an emperor",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "enkekejserinde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "keizerin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "imperiestrino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "keisarinna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "wife or widow of a shah",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "šaahitar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kaiserin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "aftokráteira",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αυτοκράτειρα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "császárné"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "banimpire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatrice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "alt": "こうごう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kōgō",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "皇后"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "alt": "おうこう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ōkō",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "王后"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "imperator äiel",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "император әйел"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "ʼaʼthiriəcinii",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "អធិរាជិនី"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "alt": "皇后",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "hwanghu",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "황후"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "alt": "王后",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "wanghu",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "왕후"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatrix"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatrise"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ķeizariene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatorienė"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "carica",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "царица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "imperatorka",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "императорка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "maharani"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ard-venrein"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "emperice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "keiserinne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "keisarinne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cāseren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "imperatriz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "împărăteasă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "imperatríca",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "императри́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ban-ìmpire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cesarica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "emperatriz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "imperatrýcja",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "імператри́ця"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "word": "hoàng hậu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ymerodres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 65 7 1 2",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "keizerinne"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Cartomancy",
          "orig": "en:Cartomancy",
          "parents": [
            "Divination",
            "Occult",
            "Forteana",
            "Religion",
            "Pseudoscience",
            "Culture",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 16 53 1 22 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 4 13 39 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 22 37 3 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 4 10 42 6 1",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female animals",
          "orig": "en:Female animals",
          "parents": [
            "Animals",
            "Female",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Gender",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 14 43 17 17 3",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Hominids",
          "orig": "en:Hominids",
          "parents": [
            "Primates",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 36 3 31 13",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Lamiales order plants",
          "orig": "en:Lamiales order plants",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 30 24 2 9 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Imperialism",
          "orig": "en:Imperialism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The third trump or major arcana card of most tarot decks."
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-noun-epKGwToz",
      "links": [
        [
          "tarot",
          "tarot"
        ],
        [
          "trump",
          "trump"
        ],
        [
          "major arcana",
          "major arcana"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(tarot) The third trump or major arcana card of most tarot decks."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "mysticism",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences",
        "tarot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 4 13 39 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 4 10 42 6 1",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female animals",
          "orig": "en:Female animals",
          "parents": [
            "Animals",
            "Female",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Gender",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 7 5 41 3 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Female people",
          "orig": "en:Female people",
          "parents": [
            "Female",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A female chimpanzee."
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-noun-aZvcoctP",
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "chimpanzee",
          "chimpanzee"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A female chimpanzee."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 36 3 31 13",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Lamiales order plants",
          "orig": "en:Lamiales order plants",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deciduous tree, Paulownia tomentosa"
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-noun-oadg1Rwt"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛmpɹəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empress.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/En-us-empress.ogg/En-us-empress.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/En-us-empress.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "emperess"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "empresse"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor"
  ],
  "word": "empress"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "empresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English empresse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "enpresser",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press, to imprint"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "empresser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French empresser",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English empresse, from Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”), from Old French empresser. Attested from the 15th or late 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "empresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empress (third-person singular simple present empresses, present participle empressing, simple past and past participle empressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 36 3 31 13",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Lamiales order plants",
          "orig": "en:Lamiales order plants",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "impress"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rare form of impress."
      ],
      "id": "en-empress-en-verb-7u~8WY4Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "impress",
          "impress#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɹɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor"
  ],
  "word": "empress"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English female equivalent nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of Marathi translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables",
    "en:Female animals",
    "en:Female people",
    "en:Heads of state",
    "en:Hominids",
    "en:Imperialism",
    "en:Lamiales order plants",
    "en:Monarchy"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "empress cloth"
    },
    {
      "word": "empress dowager"
    },
    {
      "word": "empress regnant"
    },
    {
      "word": "empress tree"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "emperice"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English emperice",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "emperesse"
      },
      "expansion": "emperesse",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "empereriz"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French empereriz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "imperatrix"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin imperatrix",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "emperor",
        "3": "ess",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "emperor + -ess",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "imperatrix"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of imperatrix",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "impératrice"
      },
      "expansion": "French impératrice",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "empresses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empress (plural empresses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The female monarch (ruler) of an empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "monarch",
          "monarch"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation, page 211",
          "text": "Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "emperor",
          "emperor"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Cartomancy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The third trump or major arcana card of most tarot decks."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tarot",
          "tarot"
        ],
        [
          "trump",
          "trump"
        ],
        [
          "major arcana",
          "major arcana"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(tarot) The third trump or major arcana card of most tarot decks."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "mysticism",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences",
        "tarot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A female chimpanzee."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "chimpanzee",
          "chimpanzee"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A female chimpanzee."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deciduous tree, Paulownia tomentosa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛmpɹəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empress.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/En-us-empress.ogg/En-us-empress.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/En-us-empress.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "emperess"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "empresse"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "perandoreshë"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔimbirāṭūra",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "إِمْبِرَاطُورَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "malika",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مَلِكَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "qayṣara",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "قَيْصَرَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kaysruhi",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "կայսրուհի"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "amirãroanji"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "imperatriçə"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "impjeratrýca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "імператры́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "carýca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цары́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śomrajni",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "সম্রাজ্ঞী"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "imperatríca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "императри́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "caríca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цари́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "eka.ri",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ဧကရီ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "emperadriu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "nǚhuáng",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "女皇"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "císařovna"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kejserinde"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "keizerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "imperiestrino"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "keisrinna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "keisarinna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "female shah",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "šaahitar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impératrice"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "emperatriz"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "dedopali",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "დედოფალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kaiserin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "aftokráteira",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αυτοκράτειρα"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "samrājñī",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "સમ્રાજ્ઞી"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "qeysarit",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "קיסרית"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "mahārānī",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "महारानी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sāmrājñī",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "साम्राज्ञी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "malikā",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "मलिका"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sultānā",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "Muslim",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सुल्ताना"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "császárnő"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "keisaraynja"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "maharani"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "maharatu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "banimpire"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatrice"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じょてい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jotei",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "女帝"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じょこう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jokō",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "女皇"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "patşaiym",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "патшайым"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "patşaxanym",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "патшаханым"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "imperator äiel",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "император әйел"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "ʼaʼthiriəcinii",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "អធិរាជិនី"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "riəcinii",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "រាជិនី"
    },
    {
      "alt": "女帝",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "yeoje",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "여제"
    },
    {
      "alt": "女帝",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "nyeoje",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "North-Korea"
      ],
      "word": "녀제"
    },
    {
      "alt": "女皇",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "yeohwang",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "여황"
    },
    {
      "alt": "女皇",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "nyeohwang",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "North-Korea"
      ],
      "word": "녀황"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "imperatritsa",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "императрица"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "imperator ayal",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "император аял"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "hanışa",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ханыша"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "chak ka phat di ni",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ຈັກກະພັດດິນິ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "lā si nī",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ລາຊິນີ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperātrīx"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatore"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ķeizariene"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatorė"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "carica",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "царица"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "imperatorka",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "императорка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "maharani"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ard-venrein"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "emperice"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "keiserinne"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "keisarinne"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cāseren"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "amparātoāra",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "امپراتوره"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "emperâtris",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "امپراتریس"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "maleke",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ملکه"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cesarzowa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatorowa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatriz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperadora"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "împărăteasă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "imperatríca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "императри́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "caríca",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цари́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ban-ìmpire"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "импѐра̄торица"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ца̏рица"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impèrātorica"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cȁrica"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cisárovná"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cesarica"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "emperatriz"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kejsarinna"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "malika",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "малика"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "cakravartini",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "చక్రవర్తిని"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "jàk-grà-pát-dì-nii",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "จักรพรรดินี"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "raa-chí-nii",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ราชินี"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imparatoriçe"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "imperatrýcja",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "імператри́ця"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "carýcja",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цари́ця"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "mahārānī",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مہارانی"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "malikā",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ملکہ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "sultānā",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "سلطانہ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "ayal padishah",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "ئايال پادىشاھ"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "imperator xotini"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "imperator ayol"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "malika"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "hoàng hậu"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "word": "nữ hoàng"
    },
    {
      "code": "wym",
      "lang": "Vilamovian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kazeryn"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ymerodres"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "female monarch of an empire",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "keizerinne"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔimbrāṭūra",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "إِمْبْرَاطُورَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "zawjat ʔimibrāṭūr",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "زَوْجَةْ إِمِبْرَاطُور"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kaysruhi",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "կայսրուհի"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śomrajni",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "সম্রাজ্ঞী"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "emperadriu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "huánghòu",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "皇后"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wánghòu",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "王后"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "císařovna"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kejserinde"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "english": "widow of an emperor",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "enkekejserinde"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "keizerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "imperiestrino"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "keisarinna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "wife or widow of a shah",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "šaahitar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kaiserin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "aftokráteira",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αυτοκράτειρα"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "császárné"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "banimpire"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatrice"
    },
    {
      "alt": "こうごう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kōgō",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "皇后"
    },
    {
      "alt": "おうこう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ōkō",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "王后"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "imperator äiel",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "император әйел"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "ʼaʼthiriəcinii",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "អធិរាជិនី"
    },
    {
      "alt": "皇后",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "hwanghu",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "황후"
    },
    {
      "alt": "王后",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "wanghu",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "왕후"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatrix"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatrise"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ķeizariene"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatorienė"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "carica",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "царица"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "imperatorka",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "императорка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "maharani"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ard-venrein"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "emperice"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "keiserinne"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "keisarinne"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cāseren"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "imperatriz"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "împărăteasă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "imperatríca",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "императри́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ban-ìmpire"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cesarica"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "emperatriz"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "imperatrýcja",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "імператри́ця"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "imperatrýcja",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "імператри́ця"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "word": "hoàng hậu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ymerodres"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "wife or widow of an emperor",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "keizerinne"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor"
  ],
  "word": "empress"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English female equivalent nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛs/2 syllables",
    "en:Female animals",
    "en:Female people",
    "en:Heads of state",
    "en:Hominids",
    "en:Imperialism",
    "en:Lamiales order plants",
    "en:Monarchy"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "empresse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English empresse",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "enpresser",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to press, to imprint"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "empresser"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French empresser",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English empresse, from Anglo-Norman enpresser (“to press, to imprint”), from Old French empresser. Attested from the 15th or late 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "empresses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "empressed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empress (third-person singular simple present empresses, present participle empressing, simple past and past participle empressed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English rare forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "impress"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rare form of impress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impress",
          "impress#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɹɛs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Emperor"
  ],
  "word": "empress"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.