See chef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "au premier chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de cabinet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de chœur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de guerre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de projet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef d’accusation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef-d’œuvre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef-lieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "couvre-chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "de son chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "de son propre chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "derechef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "opiner du chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rédacteur en chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rédactrice en chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de bande"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de file"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef d’État"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef d’orchestre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "en chef"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chief",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "capus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin capus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput (“head”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaput"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaput",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kauput-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kauput-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cap"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cap",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-. Doublet of cap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chef m (plural chefs)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 30 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "to nod",
"text": "opiner du chef",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-ny5tM6Nx",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now literary) head"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 30 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "the main points of a request",
"text": "les principaux chefs d’une demande",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article, principal point"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-xhsc7mJK",
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
43,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"english": "The prosecutor insisted on reading off the counts of indictment again.",
"text": "Le procureur a tenu à refaire une lecture des chefs d’accusation.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"principal motive, charge, count of indictment"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-Lj07NEXz",
"links": [
[
"principal",
"principal"
],
[
"motive",
"motive"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"count",
"count"
],
[
"indictment",
"indictment"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Heraldic charges",
"orig": "fr:Heraldic charges",
"parents": [
"Heraldry",
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 32 8 30 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "or, a chief gules",
"text": "d’or au chef de gueules",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief; top third of a coat of arms"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-QFBevU4K",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) chief; top third of a coat of arms"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg/Fr-chef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffe"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffes"
},
{
"homophone": "chefs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:chef"
],
"word": "chef"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de bande"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef de file"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef d’État"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chef d’orchestre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "en chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "adjudant-chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chef de famille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chef de partie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chef d’entreprise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chef d’état-major"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cheffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chefferie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cheftaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "commandant en chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "couteau de chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ingénieur en chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sergent-chef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sous-chef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "شيف",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šēf"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: شيف (šēf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: شيف (šēf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "шэф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: шэф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: шэф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "xef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: xef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: xef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "şef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "šéf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: šéf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: šéf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: chef\n→ Caribbean Javanese: sèf\n→ Indonesian: sep\n→ Javanese: ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ (sèp)\n→ Papiamentu: shèf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: chef\n→ Caribbean Javanese: sèf\n→ Indonesian: sep\n→ Javanese: ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ (sèp)\n→ Papiamentu: shèf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chef\n→ Afrikaans: sjef\n→ Malay: cef\n→ Maltese: xeff\n→ Thai: เชฟ (chéep)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chef\n→ Afrikaans: sjef\n→ Malay: cef\n→ Maltese: xeff\n→ Thai: เชฟ (chéep)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Chef\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ше̏ф\nLatin script: šȅf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Chef\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ше̏ф\nLatin script: šȅf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σεφ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σεφ (sef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σεφ (sef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שֶׁף",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shef"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: שֶׁף (shef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: שֶׁף (shef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "séf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: séf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: séf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "シェフ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shefu"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: シェフ (shefu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: シェフ (shefu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "셰프",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 셰프 (syepeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 셰프 (syepeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šefas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: šefas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: šefas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: Chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Luxembourgish: Chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sjef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: sjef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: sjef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Pannonian Rusyn: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pannonian Rusyn: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: szef\n→ Kashubian: szef",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: szef\n→ Kashubian: szef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chef",
"3": "chefe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: chef, chefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: chef, chefe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "șef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: șef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: șef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: шеф (šef), шефъ (šef) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Armenian: շեֆ (šef)\n→ Georgian: შეფი (šepi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: шеф (šef), шефъ (šef) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Armenian: շեֆ (šef)\n→ Georgian: შეფი (šepi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "šéf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: šéf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: šéf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: şef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: şef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sếp",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: sếp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: sếp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שעף",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: שעף (shef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: שעף (shef)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chief",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "capus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin capus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput (“head”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaput"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaput",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kauput-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kauput-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cap"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cap",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-. Doublet of cap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheffe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "cheffe"
},
"expansion": "chef m (plural chefs, feminine cheffe)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "achever"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "achèvement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "The pope is the head of the church.",
"text": "Le pape est le chef de l’Église.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a boss, chief, leader"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-qOP6fjwY",
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
96,
101
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
101
]
],
"english": "Creating in prestigious establishments caused many of his recipes to be later taken up by other cooks, and thus Escoffier made French cuisine internationally known.",
"text": "Créant dans des établissements de prestige de nombreuses recettes reprises ensuite par d’autres chefs, Escoffier a fait connaitre internationalement la cuisine française.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a culinary chef, chief cook"
],
"id": "en-chef-fr-noun-8uaOf-md",
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg/Fr-chef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffe"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffes"
},
{
"homophone": "chefs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:chef"
],
"word": "chef"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/ɛf"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "au premier chef"
},
{
"word": "chef de bande"
},
{
"word": "chef de cabinet"
},
{
"word": "chef de chœur"
},
{
"word": "chef de file"
},
{
"word": "chef de guerre"
},
{
"word": "chef de projet"
},
{
"word": "chef d’accusation"
},
{
"word": "chef d’État"
},
{
"word": "chef d’orchestre"
},
{
"word": "chef-d’œuvre"
},
{
"word": "chef-lieu"
},
{
"word": "couvre-chef"
},
{
"word": "de son chef"
},
{
"word": "de son propre chef"
},
{
"word": "derechef"
},
{
"word": "en chef"
},
{
"word": "opiner du chef"
},
{
"word": "rédacteur en chef"
},
{
"word": "rédactrice en chef"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chief",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "capus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin capus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput (“head”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaput"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaput",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kauput-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kauput-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cap"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cap",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-. Doublet of cap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chef m (plural chefs)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French literary terms",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "to nod",
"text": "opiner du chef",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now literary) head"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "the main points of a request",
"text": "les principaux chefs d’une demande",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article, principal point"
],
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
43,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"english": "The prosecutor insisted on reading off the counts of indictment again.",
"text": "Le procureur a tenu à refaire une lecture des chefs d’accusation.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"principal motive, charge, count of indictment"
],
"links": [
[
"principal",
"principal"
],
[
"motive",
"motive"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"count",
"count"
],
[
"indictment",
"indictment"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples",
"fr:Heraldic charges"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "or, a chief gules",
"text": "d’or au chef de gueules",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief; top third of a coat of arms"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) chief; top third of a coat of arms"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg/Fr-chef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffe"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffes"
},
{
"homophone": "chefs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:chef"
],
"word": "chef"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/ɛf"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adjudant-chef"
},
{
"word": "chef de bande"
},
{
"word": "chef de famille"
},
{
"word": "chef de file"
},
{
"word": "chef de partie"
},
{
"word": "chef d’entreprise"
},
{
"word": "chef d’État"
},
{
"word": "chef d’état-major"
},
{
"word": "chef d’orchestre"
},
{
"word": "cheffe"
},
{
"word": "chefferie"
},
{
"word": "cheftaine"
},
{
"word": "commandant en chef"
},
{
"word": "couteau de chef"
},
{
"word": "en chef"
},
{
"word": "ingénieur en chef"
},
{
"word": "sergent-chef"
},
{
"word": "sous-chef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "شيف",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šēf"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: شيف (šēf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: شيف (šēf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "шэф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: шэф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: шэф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "xef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: xef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: xef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "şef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "šéf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: šéf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: šéf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: chef\n→ Caribbean Javanese: sèf\n→ Indonesian: sep\n→ Javanese: ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ (sèp)\n→ Papiamentu: shèf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: chef\n→ Caribbean Javanese: sèf\n→ Indonesian: sep\n→ Javanese: ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ (sèp)\n→ Papiamentu: shèf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chef\n→ Afrikaans: sjef\n→ Malay: cef\n→ Maltese: xeff\n→ Thai: เชฟ (chéep)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chef\n→ Afrikaans: sjef\n→ Malay: cef\n→ Maltese: xeff\n→ Thai: เชฟ (chéep)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Chef\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ше̏ф\nLatin script: šȅf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Chef\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ше̏ф\nLatin script: šȅf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σεφ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σεφ (sef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σεφ (sef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "שֶׁף",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shef"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: שֶׁף (shef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: שֶׁף (shef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "séf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: séf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: séf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "シェフ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shefu"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: シェフ (shefu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: シェフ (shefu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "셰프",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 셰프 (syepeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 셰프 (syepeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šefas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: šefas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: šefas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: Chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Luxembourgish: Chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sjef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: sjef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: sjef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Pannonian Rusyn: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pannonian Rusyn: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: szef\n→ Kashubian: szef",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: szef\n→ Kashubian: szef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chef",
"3": "chefe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: chef, chefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: chef, chefe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "șef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: șef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: șef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: шеф (šef), шефъ (šef) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Armenian: շեֆ (šef)\n→ Georgian: შეფი (šepi)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: шеф (šef), шефъ (šef) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)\n→ Armenian: շեֆ (šef)\n→ Georgian: შეფი (šepi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "šéf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: šéf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: šéf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "chef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: chef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: chef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: şef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: şef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "шеф",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: шеф (šef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: шеф (šef)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sếp",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: sếp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: sếp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שעף",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: שעף (shef)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: שעף (shef)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chief",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "capus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin capus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput (“head”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaput"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaput",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kauput-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kauput-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cap"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cap",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-. Doublet of cap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheffe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "cheffe"
},
"expansion": "chef m (plural chefs, feminine cheffe)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "achever"
},
{
"word": "achèvement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "The pope is the head of the church.",
"text": "Le pape est le chef de l’Église.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a boss, chief, leader"
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
96,
101
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
101
]
],
"english": "Creating in prestigious establishments caused many of his recipes to be later taken up by other cooks, and thus Escoffier made French cuisine internationally known.",
"text": "Créant dans des établissements de prestige de nombreuses recettes reprises ensuite par d’autres chefs, Escoffier a fait connaitre internationalement la cuisine française.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a culinary chef, chief cook"
],
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg/Fr-chef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Fr-chef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛf"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffe"
},
{
"homophone": "cheffes"
},
{
"homophone": "chefs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:chef"
],
"word": "chef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chef meaning in French (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.