See birdie in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buzzard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "par"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eagle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "albatross"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "condor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ostrich"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird",
"3": "ie",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "bird + -ie",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bird + -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birdies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birdie (plural birdies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bird‧ie"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hippo birdie two ewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "watch the birdie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "albatross"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "bogey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "double bogey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "eagle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Aw, that's a cute little birdie. Is it a budgie?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 121:",
"text": "'Listen to th' birdies,' said the child, raising her radiant face to the roof, and at the supreme moment accompanying them in perfect mimicry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (little) bird; a birdling."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-nIyUkob-",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"birdling",
"birdling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often childish) A (little) bird; a birdling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cocky"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 6 2 6 9 9",
"sense": "diminutive for bird",
"word": "cocky"
}
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"often"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻṙčʻnik",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "թռչնիկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ptúška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пту́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ptičence",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "птиченце"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎoniǎo",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "小鳥 /小鸟"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ptáček"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fugleunge"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "vogeltje"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "birdeto"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "lintunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oiselet"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oisillon"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paxariño"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vögelchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vöglein"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vögelein"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"Austrian",
"South-German",
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vogerl"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pouláki",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πουλάκι"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsipporit",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציפורית"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "uceleto"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uccellino"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"alt": "ことり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotori",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "小鳥"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ptičence",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "птиченце"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "lottáš"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "småfugl"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "titting"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "gûyrá"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptaszyna"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ptaszek"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "passarinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păsărică"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "păsărel"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ptíčka",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пти́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ptáška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пта́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "птичица"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptičica"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vtáčik"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptička"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pajarito"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ptáška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пта́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "chim non"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 1 2 0 1 3 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "bödil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He scored ten birdies during the tournament.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1964 June 16, “All Eyes On Lema At U.S. Open This Week”, in The Indianapolis Star, volume 62, number 11, Indianapolis, Ind., page 22:",
"text": "The heat brought one blessing. It baked the 7,053-yard par 35-35—70 course to concrete hardness and gave some added roll to the drives. Birdie, which have been at a premium, came easier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The completion of a hole one stroke below par."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-AndQUdnH",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"par",
"par"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) The completion of a hole one stroke below par."
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 78 3 2 5 5 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 3 2 5 5 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 3 2 5 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 3 2 5 5 6",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "barḍī",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "बर्डी"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 78 3 2 5 5 6",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "เบอร์ดี"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Badminton",
"orig": "en:Badminton",
"parents": [
"Racquet sports",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shuttlecock."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-jeBBihY6",
"links": [
[
"badminton",
"badminton"
],
[
"shuttlecock",
"shuttlecock"
]
],
"qualifier": "badminton",
"raw_glosses": [
"(badminton) A shuttlecock."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 13 14 21 25 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man's penis."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-K69gPSyX",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, slang) A man's penis."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0",
"sense": "penis",
"word": "penis"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Electronics",
"orig": "en:Electronics",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 13 14 21 25 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An electromagnetic signal generated from within an electronic device."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-8nNc8dZ7",
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
],
[
"electromagnetic",
"electromagnetic"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"device",
"device"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics) An electromagnetic signal generated from within an electronic device."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 13 14 21 25 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle finger."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-LvsMjsvJ",
"qualifier": "usually preceded by \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually preceded by \"the\") A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle finger."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 0 3 70 23",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazováček"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 0 3 70 23",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "finger"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 0 3 70 23",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fuck-finger"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 0 3 70 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"word": "keskisormi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 0 3 70 23",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 11 2 14 14 13 25 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 6 12 11 14 23 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ie (diminutive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 6 13 11 14 25 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 3 14 10 12 24 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 2 17 11 14 29 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 9 12 8 12 24 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 7 9 7 11 22 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 10 12 25 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 5 14 9 13 31 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 7 10 9 12 26 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 4 15 9 12 29 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 6 9 9 12 25 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 5 11 10 13 29 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 4 7 17 13 22 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 9 8 12 26 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 4 12 9 13 29 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 5 11 9 13 30 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 5 11 9 13 30 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 3 10 18 15 23 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 5 14 10 13 28 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 6 12 10 12 24 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 1 17 9 12 40 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 8 9 8 15 23 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 12 8 14 26 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 5 11 9 13 30 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 6 13 9 13 26 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 11 9 13 26 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 12 8 13 26 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 5 12 10 13 29 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 9 10 8 12 25 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 12 8 13 26 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 12 8 13 26 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 5 11 9 13 29 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 13 14 21 25 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "en:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle and index fingers."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-noun-ecaWgVrQ",
"qualifier": "usually preceded by \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually preceded by \"the\") A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle and index fingers."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɝdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-birdie.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg/En-au-birdie.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "birdy"
}
],
"word": "birdie"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird",
"3": "ie",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "bird + -ie",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bird + -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birdies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birdieing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birdying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birdied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birdied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~s",
"2": "~ing",
"3": "~d",
"pres_ptc2": "birdying"
},
"expansion": "birdie (third-person singular simple present birdies, present participle birdieing or birdying, simple past and past participle birdied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bird‧ie"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sörenstam birdied to take the lead.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To score a birdie."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-verb-~c9MiHoy",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, golf) To score a birdie."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sörenstam birdied the seventeenth hole to take the lead.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To score a birdie at (a hole)."
],
"id": "en-birdie-en-verb-spI~iBtp",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, golf) To score a birdie at (a hole)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɝdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-birdie.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg/En-au-birdie.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "birdy"
}
],
"word": "birdie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ie (diminutive)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "buzzard"
},
{
"word": "bogey"
},
{
"word": "par"
},
{
"word": "eagle"
},
{
"word": "albatross"
},
{
"word": "condor"
},
{
"word": "ostrich"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird",
"3": "ie",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "bird + -ie",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bird + -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birdies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birdie (plural birdies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bird‧ie"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hippo birdie two ewe"
},
{
"word": "watch the birdie"
},
{
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "albatross"
},
{
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "bogey"
},
{
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "double bogey"
},
{
"topics": [
"golf",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "eagle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English childish terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Aw, that's a cute little birdie. Is it a budgie?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 121:",
"text": "'Listen to th' birdies,' said the child, raising her radiant face to the roof, and at the supreme moment accompanying them in perfect mimicry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (little) bird; a birdling."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"birdling",
"birdling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often childish) A (little) bird; a birdling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cocky"
}
],
"tags": [
"childish",
"often"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Golf"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He scored ten birdies during the tournament.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1964 June 16, “All Eyes On Lema At U.S. Open This Week”, in The Indianapolis Star, volume 62, number 11, Indianapolis, Ind., page 22:",
"text": "The heat brought one blessing. It baked the 7,053-yard par 35-35—70 course to concrete hardness and gave some added roll to the drives. Birdie, which have been at a premium, came easier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The completion of a hole one stroke below par."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"par",
"par"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) The completion of a hole one stroke below par."
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Badminton"
],
"glosses": [
"A shuttlecock."
],
"links": [
[
"badminton",
"badminton"
],
[
"shuttlecock",
"shuttlecock"
]
],
"qualifier": "badminton",
"raw_glosses": [
"(badminton) A shuttlecock."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"Philippine English"
],
"glosses": [
"A man's penis."
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippines, slang) A man's penis."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penis"
}
],
"tags": [
"Philippines",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Electronics"
],
"glosses": [
"An electromagnetic signal generated from within an electronic device."
],
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
],
[
"electromagnetic",
"electromagnetic"
],
[
"electronic",
"electronic"
],
[
"device",
"device"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics) An electromagnetic signal generated from within an electronic device."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle finger."
],
"qualifier": "usually preceded by \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually preceded by \"the\") A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle finger."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle and index fingers."
],
"qualifier": "usually preceded by \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually preceded by \"the\") A certain rude gesture in some countries, formed with the middle and index fingers."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɝdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-birdie.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg/En-au-birdie.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "diminutive for bird",
"word": "cocky"
},
{
"sense": "penis",
"word": "penis"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "birdy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻṙčʻnik",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "թռչնիկ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ptúška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пту́шка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ptičence",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "птиченце"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎoniǎo",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "小鳥 /小鸟"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ptáček"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fugleunge"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "vogeltje"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "birdeto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "lintunen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oiselet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oisillon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paxariño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vögelchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vöglein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vögelein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"Austrian",
"South-German",
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vogerl"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pouláki",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πουλάκι"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsipporit",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ציפורית"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "uceleto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uccellino"
},
{
"alt": "ことり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kotori",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "小鳥"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ptičence",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "птиченце"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "lottáš"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "småfugl"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "titting"
},
{
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "gûyrá"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptaszyna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ptaszek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "passarinho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păsărică"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "păsărel"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ptíčka",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пти́чка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ptáška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пта́шка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "птичица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptičica"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vtáčik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ptička"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pajarito"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ptáška",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пта́шка"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "chim non"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "bird, birdling",
"word": "bödil"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "birdie"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "barḍī",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "बर्डी"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "golf: completion of a hole one stroke below par",
"word": "เบอร์ดี"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ukazováček"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "finger"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fuck-finger"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"word": "keskisormi"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rude gesture with the middle finger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muie"
}
],
"word": "birdie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ie (diminutive)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)di/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Genitalia"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bird",
"3": "ie",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "bird + -ie",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bird + -ie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birdies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birdieing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birdying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birdied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birdied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~s",
"2": "~ing",
"3": "~d",
"pres_ptc2": "birdying"
},
"expansion": "birdie (third-person singular simple present birdies, present participle birdieing or birdying, simple past and past participle birdied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bird‧ie"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Golf"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sörenstam birdied to take the lead.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To score a birdie."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, golf) To score a birdie."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Golf"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sörenstam birdied the seventeenth hole to take the lead.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To score a birdie at (a hole)."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, golf) To score a birdie at (a hole)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɝdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɜːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-birdie.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg/En-au-birdie.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/En-au-birdie.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "birdy"
}
],
"word": "birdie"
}
Download raw JSONL data for birdie meaning in English (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.