See dirk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"etymology_text": "Etymology unknown, apparently from Scots dirk.\nFirst attested in 1602 as dork, in the later 17th century as durk. The spelling dirk is due to Johnson's Dictionary of 1755.\nEarly quotations as well as Johnson 1755 suggest that the word is of Scottish Gaelic origin, but no such Gaelic word is known. The Gaelic name for the weapon is biodag. Gaelic duirc is merely an 18th-century adoption of the English word.\nA possible derivation is from the North Germanic/Scandinavian personal name Dirk (short for Diederik), which is used of lock-picking tools (but not of knives or daggers). Alternatively a corruption of Low German Dulk, Dolk (“dagger”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dulkaz, *dalkaz (“knife, dagger”), related to Saterland Frisian Dolk (“dagger”), West Frisian dolk (“dagger”), Dutch dolk (“dagger”), German Dolch (“dagger”).",
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"ref": "1898, W.D.F Vincent, The Cutters' Practical Guide:",
"text": "The Claymore is worn on the left side, the dirk on the right, and the Skean Dhu in the stocking […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A long Scottish dagger with a straight blade."
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"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
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"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "dirk"
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{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "šoti pister"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
"code": "et",
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"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "šoti pistoda"
},
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"_dis1": "96 2 1 1",
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"tags": [
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"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:",
"text": "In half a minute he had reached the port scuppers, and picked, out of a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1996, Frank Twiss, Social Change in the Royal Navy, 1924–1970:",
"text": "In this kit was the ‘Officer of the Watch’ telescope from Dolland and Sons, presented to me by my godmother, Inman's Nautical Tables, a parallel ruler, and, of course, a dirk.",
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}
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"word": "madruse pister"
},
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"code": "pl",
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"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "kordzik"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 2 2",
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 2 2",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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"ref": "May 1964, Lawrence Poston, \"Some Problems in the Study of Campus Slang\", American Speech volume 39, issue 2",
"text": "The word dick itself serves as model for two variants which are probably Midwestern, dirk and dork, also meaning \"penis\"..."
}
],
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"ref": "May 1964, Lawrence Poston, \"Some Problems in the Study of Campus Slang\", American Speech volume 39, issue 2",
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}
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"ref": "1820, Sir Walter Scott, The Abbot, archived from the original on 2014-06-04, Chapter the Fourth:",
"text": "Roland Graeme has dirked Adam Woodstock — that is all.” ¶ “Good Heaven!” said the Lady, turning pale as ashes, “is the man slain?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, James Kirke Paulding, John Bull in America; or, the New Munchausen, page 127:",
"text": "For these offenses, I was informed privately, by a worthy English settler, who had been like me seduced by Mr. Birkbeck, they had hired a man to dirk me for ten dollars, the usual price of blood in this country, as Mr. Chichester says.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender, page 34:",
"text": "Thy wast bignes but combers the grownd, / And dirks the beauty of my blossomes rownd.",
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"etymology_text": "Etymology unknown, apparently from Scots dirk.\nFirst attested in 1602 as dork, in the later 17th century as durk. The spelling dirk is due to Johnson's Dictionary of 1755.\nEarly quotations as well as Johnson 1755 suggest that the word is of Scottish Gaelic origin, but no such Gaelic word is known. The Gaelic name for the weapon is biodag. Gaelic duirc is merely an 18th-century adoption of the English word.\nA possible derivation is from the North Germanic/Scandinavian personal name Dirk (short for Diederik), which is used of lock-picking tools (but not of knives or daggers). Alternatively a corruption of Low German Dulk, Dolk (“dagger”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dulkaz, *dalkaz (“knife, dagger”), related to Saterland Frisian Dolk (“dagger”), West Frisian dolk (“dagger”), Dutch dolk (“dagger”), German Dolch (“dagger”).",
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"ref": "1898, W.D.F Vincent, The Cutters' Practical Guide:",
"text": "The Claymore is worn on the left side, the dirk on the right, and the Skean Dhu in the stocking […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long Scottish dagger with a straight blade."
],
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[
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"dagger"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:",
"text": "In half a minute he had reached the port scuppers, and picked, out of a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Twiss, Social Change in the Royal Navy, 1924–1970:",
"text": "In this kit was the ‘Officer of the Watch’ telescope from Dolland and Sons, presented to me by my godmother, Inman's Nautical Tables, a parallel ruler, and, of course, a dirk.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ceremonial dagger worn by naval or air force officers in some nations' militaries; formerly, a fighting dagger used by sailors as a boarding weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
],
[
"dagger",
"dagger"
],
[
"boarding",
"boarding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A ceremonial dagger worn by naval or air force officers in some nations' militaries; formerly, a fighting dagger used by sailors as a boarding weapon."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"Midwestern US English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "May 1964, Lawrence Poston, \"Some Problems in the Study of Campus Slang\", American Speech volume 39, issue 2",
"text": "The word dick itself serves as model for two variants which are probably Midwestern, dirk and dork, also meaning \"penis\"..."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A penis; dork."
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
],
[
"dork",
"dork"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Midwestern US, dated, slang) A penis; dork."
],
"tags": [
"Midwestern-US",
"dated",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"Midwestern US English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "May 1964, Lawrence Poston, \"Some Problems in the Study of Campus Slang\", American Speech volume 39, issue 2",
"text": "...on at least one Midwestern campus a dirk may be an \"oddball\" student, while a prick (more common) is of course an offensive one."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A socially unacceptable person; an oddball."
],
"links": [
[
"oddball",
"oddball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Midwestern US, dated, slang) A socially unacceptable person; an oddball."
],
"tags": [
"Midwestern-US",
"dated",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dirk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/En-au-dirk.ogg/En-au-dirk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/En-au-dirk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kinžál",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кинжа́л"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "dirk"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "šoti pister"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"word": "šoti pistoda"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dirk"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kinžál",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кинжа́л"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dirk",
"sense": "a long Scottish dagger with a straight blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дирк"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"word": "dirk"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"word": "mereväelase pistoda"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"word": "madruse pister"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kordzik"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórtik",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́ртик"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórtyk",
"sense": "a ceremonial dagger worn by naval officers; formerly, a boarding weapon used by sailors",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́ртик"
}
],
"word": "dirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Low German",
"English terms borrowed from Scots",
"English terms derived from Low German",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Scots",
"English terms derived from Scottish Gaelic",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:People",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "dirk"
},
"expansion": "Scots dirk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nds",
"3": "Dulk"
},
"expansion": "Low German Dulk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dulkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dulkaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Dolk",
"t": "dagger"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Dolk (“dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dolk",
"t": "dagger"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dolk (“dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dolk",
"t": "dagger"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dolk (“dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dolch",
"t": "dagger"
},
"expansion": "German Dolch (“dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology unknown, apparently from Scots dirk.\nFirst attested in 1602 as dork, in the later 17th century as durk. The spelling dirk is due to Johnson's Dictionary of 1755.\nEarly quotations as well as Johnson 1755 suggest that the word is of Scottish Gaelic origin, but no such Gaelic word is known. The Gaelic name for the weapon is biodag. Gaelic duirc is merely an 18th-century adoption of the English word.\nA possible derivation is from the North Germanic/Scandinavian personal name Dirk (short for Diederik), which is used of lock-picking tools (but not of knives or daggers). Alternatively a corruption of Low German Dulk, Dolk (“dagger”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dulkaz, *dalkaz (“knife, dagger”), related to Saterland Frisian Dolk (“dagger”), West Frisian dolk (“dagger”), Dutch dolk (“dagger”), German Dolch (“dagger”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dirking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dirked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dirked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dirk (third-person singular simple present dirks, present participle dirking, simple past and past participle dirked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, Sir Walter Scott, The Abbot, archived from the original on 2014-06-04, Chapter the Fourth:",
"text": "Roland Graeme has dirked Adam Woodstock — that is all.” ¶ “Good Heaven!” said the Lady, turning pale as ashes, “is the man slain?”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, James Kirke Paulding, John Bull in America; or, the New Munchausen, page 127:",
"text": "For these offenses, I was informed privately, by a worthy English settler, who had been like me seduced by Mr. Birkbeck, they had hired a man to dirk me for ten dollars, the usual price of blood in this country, as Mr. Chichester says.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stab with a dirk."
],
"links": [
[
"stab",
"stab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dirk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/En-au-dirk.ogg/En-au-dirk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/En-au-dirk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"word": "dirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Genitalia",
"en:People",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "dirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dirking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dirked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dirked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dirk (third-person singular simple present dirks, present participle dirking, simple past and past participle dirked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender, page 34:",
"text": "Thy wast bignes but combers the grownd, / And dirks the beauty of my blossomes rownd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To darken."
],
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To darken."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "dirk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dirk meaning in English (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.