See mayhem on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mayhem meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "mayhemic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mayme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mayme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mahaime"
},
"expansion": "mahaime",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mahaim",
"4": "",
"5": "mutilation"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "meshaing",
"4": "",
"5": "bodily harm, loss of limb"
},
"expansion": "Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to cripple, injure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "meidem, meiden",
"3": "",
"4": "gelding"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "meiða",
"3": "",
"4": "to injure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse meiða (“to injure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to alter, falsify"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mad"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "maganhar"
},
"expansion": "maganhar",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "mal",
"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "mal (“evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ganhar",
"3": "",
"4": "to obtain, receive"
},
"expansion": "ganhar (“to obtain, receive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ganar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish ganar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gavagnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian gavagnare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "guadagnare"
},
"expansion": "guadagnare",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mayme, mahaime, from Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”), from Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”) (compare Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”), Old Norse meiða (“to injure”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). More at mad. The original meaning referred to the crime of maiming, the other senses derived from this.\nAnother possible etymology derives the Old French from Provençal maganhar, composed of mal (“evil”) and ganhar (“to obtain, receive”) (compare with Spanish ganar and Italian gavagnare and guadagnare), so literally \"to obtain, receive something evil).\nThe sense \"chaos\" may have arisen by popular misunderstanding of the common journalese expression \"rioting and mayhem\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mayhems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "mayhem (usually uncountable, plural mayhems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "maim"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to cause mayhem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "What if the legendary hero Robin Hood had been born into the mayhem of the 20th century?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "In all the mayhem, some children were separated from their parents.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981 May 27, William G. Tucker, “George, Keynes, Reagan, Rabbit and Hat”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page A27",
"text": "In the 1870's, a young newspaper editor named Henry George walked the streets of San Francisco lamenting the paradoxical economic mayhem that lay all around him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992 May 19, Dan Quayle, Reflections on Urban America",
"text": "Yes, I can understand how people were shocked and outraged by the verdict in the Rodney King trial. But, my friends, there is simply no excuse for the mayhem that followed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Anton Szandor La Vey, Satan Speaks!",
"text": "Available in an instant, it can be firmly grasped and employed to scrape, gouge, rake, and generally wreak mayhem on any pest who accelerates into assaultive status.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Emma Trevayne, Flights and Chimes and Mysterious Times",
"text": "Jack lifted the binoculars to his eyes, and it was difficult not to laugh at the utter mayhem. Faeries ripped plumes from helmets; soldiers found their pistols dangled just out of reach.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 7, Donald Trump, A Message from President Donald J. Trump",
"text": "Like all Americans, I am outraged by the violence, lawlessness and mayhem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 14, Kari Paul, “Robotaxi breakdowns cause mayhem in San Francisco days after expansion vote”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "One TikTok user recorded a Cruise vehicle causing “mayhem” outside of the festival where it was stuck at an angle in the middle of the street.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December 31, Matthew Weaver, “‘Absolute mayhem’: Eurostar passengers tell of stress and tears”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "Andrew and Fiona Eyre, both 52, from Sheffield, had been looking forward to their trip to Paris since booking it in September, but their train was also cancelled. “It was absolute mayhem and the lack of communication was just disgusting,” Andrew said.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state or situation of great confusion, disorder, trouble or destruction; chaos."
],
"id": "en-mayhem-en-noun-58IuLTUe",
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disorder"
},
{
"word": "commotion"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baturiciu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alborotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumult"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avalot"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aldarull"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hǔnluàn",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "混乱"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zmatek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "wanorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "sekasorto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "désordre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grabuge"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulte"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boureo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asoada"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "balbordo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reboldaina"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trepe"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fanteira"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "derrepó"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chamós",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "felfordulás"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "confusione"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "marasma"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kuḻappaṁ",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "കുഴപ്പം"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nāśaṁ",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "നാശം"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "kaumingomingo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "kūnakunaku"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "tīrangorango"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezład"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezrząd"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "confusão"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "alvoroço"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xáos",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ха́ос"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xaós",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хао́с"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besporjádok",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "беспоря́док"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razgróm",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разгро́м"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alboroto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The fighting dogs created mayhem in the flower beds.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Infliction of violent injury on a person or thing."
],
"id": "en-mayhem-en-noun-u71vCrun",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "sakatim"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "hävitys"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dévastation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxičroba",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "სახიჩრობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nāśaṁ",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "നാശം"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "okaleczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 80 6 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nanesénije uvéčʹja",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "нанесе́ние уве́чья"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 30 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to commit mayhem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Arthur Cheney Train, “Tricks of the Trade”, in Courts and Criminals",
"text": "There is a story told of a case where a notorious character was charged with the unusual crime of “mayhem”—biting off another man's finger. The defendant's counsel secured adjournment after adjournment—no one knew why.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The maiming of a person by depriving them of the use of any of their limbs which are necessary for defense or protection."
],
"id": "en-mayhem-en-noun-b4-W7s~k",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"maim",
"maim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The maiming of a person by depriving them of the use of any of their limbs which are necessary for defense or protection."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"word": "sakatim"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilació"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verstümmelung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izuvéčenije",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изуве́чение"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskaléčenije",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "искале́чение"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 32 64 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilación criminal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crime of damaging things or harming people on purpose."
],
"id": "en-mayhem-en-noun-OLqtSlgU",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"harming",
"harming"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The crime of damaging things or harming people on purpose."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪhɛm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪəm/",
"tags": [
"US",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mayhem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg/En-us-mayhem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maihem"
}
],
"word": "mayhem"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mayme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mayme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mahaime"
},
"expansion": "mahaime",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mahaim",
"4": "",
"5": "mutilation"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "meshaing",
"4": "",
"5": "bodily harm, loss of limb"
},
"expansion": "Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to cripple, injure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "meidem, meiden",
"3": "",
"4": "gelding"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "meiða",
"3": "",
"4": "to injure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse meiða (“to injure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to alter, falsify"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mad"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "maganhar"
},
"expansion": "maganhar",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "mal",
"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "mal (“evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ganhar",
"3": "",
"4": "to obtain, receive"
},
"expansion": "ganhar (“to obtain, receive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ganar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish ganar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gavagnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian gavagnare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "guadagnare"
},
"expansion": "guadagnare",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mayme, mahaime, from Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”), from Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”) (compare Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”), Old Norse meiða (“to injure”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). More at mad. The original meaning referred to the crime of maiming, the other senses derived from this.\nAnother possible etymology derives the Old French from Provençal maganhar, composed of mal (“evil”) and ganhar (“to obtain, receive”) (compare with Spanish ganar and Italian gavagnare and guadagnare), so literally \"to obtain, receive something evil).\nThe sense \"chaos\" may have arisen by popular misunderstanding of the common journalese expression \"rioting and mayhem\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mayhems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mayheming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mayhemed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mayhemed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mayhem (third-person singular simple present mayhems, present participle mayheming, simple past and past participle mayhemed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit mayhem."
],
"id": "en-mayhem-en-verb-qsGVKF4d",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"commit",
"commit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, law) To commit mayhem."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪhɛm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪəm/",
"tags": [
"US",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mayhem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg/En-us-mayhem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maihem"
}
],
"word": "mayhem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "mayhemic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mayme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mayme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mahaime"
},
"expansion": "mahaime",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mahaim",
"4": "",
"5": "mutilation"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "meshaing",
"4": "",
"5": "bodily harm, loss of limb"
},
"expansion": "Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to cripple, injure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "meidem, meiden",
"3": "",
"4": "gelding"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "meiða",
"3": "",
"4": "to injure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse meiða (“to injure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to alter, falsify"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mad"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "maganhar"
},
"expansion": "maganhar",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "mal",
"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "mal (“evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ganhar",
"3": "",
"4": "to obtain, receive"
},
"expansion": "ganhar (“to obtain, receive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ganar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish ganar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gavagnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian gavagnare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "guadagnare"
},
"expansion": "guadagnare",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mayme, mahaime, from Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”), from Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”) (compare Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”), Old Norse meiða (“to injure”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). More at mad. The original meaning referred to the crime of maiming, the other senses derived from this.\nAnother possible etymology derives the Old French from Provençal maganhar, composed of mal (“evil”) and ganhar (“to obtain, receive”) (compare with Spanish ganar and Italian gavagnare and guadagnare), so literally \"to obtain, receive something evil).\nThe sense \"chaos\" may have arisen by popular misunderstanding of the common journalese expression \"rioting and mayhem\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mayhems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "mayhem (usually uncountable, plural mayhems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "maim"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to cause mayhem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "What if the legendary hero Robin Hood had been born into the mayhem of the 20th century?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "In all the mayhem, some children were separated from their parents.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1981 May 27, William G. Tucker, “George, Keynes, Reagan, Rabbit and Hat”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page A27",
"text": "In the 1870's, a young newspaper editor named Henry George walked the streets of San Francisco lamenting the paradoxical economic mayhem that lay all around him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992 May 19, Dan Quayle, Reflections on Urban America",
"text": "Yes, I can understand how people were shocked and outraged by the verdict in the Rodney King trial. But, my friends, there is simply no excuse for the mayhem that followed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Anton Szandor La Vey, Satan Speaks!",
"text": "Available in an instant, it can be firmly grasped and employed to scrape, gouge, rake, and generally wreak mayhem on any pest who accelerates into assaultive status.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Emma Trevayne, Flights and Chimes and Mysterious Times",
"text": "Jack lifted the binoculars to his eyes, and it was difficult not to laugh at the utter mayhem. Faeries ripped plumes from helmets; soldiers found their pistols dangled just out of reach.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 7, Donald Trump, A Message from President Donald J. Trump",
"text": "Like all Americans, I am outraged by the violence, lawlessness and mayhem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 14, Kari Paul, “Robotaxi breakdowns cause mayhem in San Francisco days after expansion vote”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "One TikTok user recorded a Cruise vehicle causing “mayhem” outside of the festival where it was stuck at an angle in the middle of the street.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December 31, Matthew Weaver, “‘Absolute mayhem’: Eurostar passengers tell of stress and tears”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "Andrew and Fiona Eyre, both 52, from Sheffield, had been looking forward to their trip to Paris since booking it in September, but their train was also cancelled. “It was absolute mayhem and the lack of communication was just disgusting,” Andrew said.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state or situation of great confusion, disorder, trouble or destruction; chaos."
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disorder"
},
{
"word": "commotion"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The fighting dogs created mayhem in the flower beds.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Infliction of violent injury on a person or thing."
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to commit mayhem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Arthur Cheney Train, “Tricks of the Trade”, in Courts and Criminals",
"text": "There is a story told of a case where a notorious character was charged with the unusual crime of “mayhem”—biting off another man's finger. The defendant's counsel secured adjournment after adjournment—no one knew why.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The maiming of a person by depriving them of the use of any of their limbs which are necessary for defense or protection."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"maim",
"maim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The maiming of a person by depriving them of the use of any of their limbs which are necessary for defense or protection."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"The crime of damaging things or harming people on purpose."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"damaging",
"damaging"
],
[
"harming",
"harming"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The crime of damaging things or harming people on purpose."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪhɛm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪəm/",
"tags": [
"US",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mayhem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg/En-us-mayhem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maihem"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baturiciu"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alborotu"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumult"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avalot"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aldarull"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hǔnluàn",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "混乱"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zmatek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "wanorde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "sekasorto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "désordre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grabuge"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boureo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asoada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "balbordo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reboldaina"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trepe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fanteira"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "derrepó"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chaos"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chamós",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαμός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "felfordulás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "confusione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "marasma"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kuḻappaṁ",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "കുഴപ്പം"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nāśaṁ",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "നാശം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "kaumingomingo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "kūnakunaku"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "tīrangorango"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezład"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezrząd"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "confusão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "alvoroço"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xáos",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ха́ос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xaós",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хао́с"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besporjádok",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "беспоря́док"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razgróm",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разгро́м"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alboroto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chaos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caos"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "sakatim"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "hävitys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dévastation"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxičroba",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "სახიჩრობა"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nāśaṁ",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "നാശം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "okaleczenie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nanesénije uvéčʹja",
"sense": "infliction of violent injury",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "нанесе́ние уве́чья"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"word": "sakatim"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilació"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verstümmelung"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izuvéčenije",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изуве́чение"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskaléčenije",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "искале́чение"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the maiming of a person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutilación criminal"
}
],
"word": "mayhem"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mayme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mayme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mahaime"
},
"expansion": "mahaime",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mahaim",
"4": "",
"5": "mutilation"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "meshaing",
"4": "",
"5": "bodily harm, loss of limb"
},
"expansion": "Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to cripple, injure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "meidem, meiden",
"3": "",
"4": "gelding"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "meiða",
"3": "",
"4": "to injure"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse meiða (“to injure”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to alter, falsify"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mad"
},
"expansion": "mad",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "maganhar"
},
"expansion": "maganhar",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "mal",
"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "mal (“evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ganhar",
"3": "",
"4": "to obtain, receive"
},
"expansion": "ganhar (“to obtain, receive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ganar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish ganar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gavagnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian gavagnare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "guadagnare"
},
"expansion": "guadagnare",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mayme, mahaime, from Anglo-Norman mahaim (“mutilation”), from Old French meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to cripple, injure”) (compare Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”), Old Norse meiða (“to injure”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). More at mad. The original meaning referred to the crime of maiming, the other senses derived from this.\nAnother possible etymology derives the Old French from Provençal maganhar, composed of mal (“evil”) and ganhar (“to obtain, receive”) (compare with Spanish ganar and Italian gavagnare and guadagnare), so literally \"to obtain, receive something evil).\nThe sense \"chaos\" may have arisen by popular misunderstanding of the common journalese expression \"rioting and mayhem\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mayhems",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mayheming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mayhemed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mayhemed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mayhem (third-person singular simple present mayhems, present participle mayheming, simple past and past participle mayhemed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To commit mayhem."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"commit",
"commit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, law) To commit mayhem."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪhɛm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪəm/",
"tags": [
"US",
"variant"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mayhem.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg/En-us-mayhem.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-us-mayhem.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maihem"
}
],
"word": "mayhem"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.