See rust on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rust meaning in All languages combined (65.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anti-rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "black rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cedar-apple rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coffee leaf rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coffee rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gooseberry rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mayapple rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nab the rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust belt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust-belt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Rust Belt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust bucket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust-bucket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rustbucket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bucket of rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust fungus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust joint"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust mite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rustproof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rusty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soybean rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spinning rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wheat rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "white pine blister rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "white rust"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "rost",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roust"
},
"expansion": "roust",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rust",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūst",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "rūst (“rust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rustaz",
"4": "",
"5": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rudʰso-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Scots roust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roast",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian roast (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roest",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roest (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rost",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "German Rost (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Danish rust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rost",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rost (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rust",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ryst",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "ryst (“rust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruoste"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruoste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rooste"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rooste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).\nCognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 6 5 7 8 7 3 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Iron",
"orig": "en:Iron",
"parents": [
"Transition metals",
"Chemical elements",
"Metals",
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 6 20 11 3 4 18 7 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fungi",
"orig": "en:Fungi",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-noun-vmGd3aI5",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
],
[
"moisture",
"moisture"
],
[
"oxidation",
"oxidation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ndryshk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dryshk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadaʔ",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدَأ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣada",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ժանգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ժանգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "mamor",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "মামৰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "কঁহ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roña"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pas"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "bjn",
"lang": "Banjarese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tagar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tut",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тут"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "herdoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჟანგ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "iržá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "shi",
"lang": "Berber Tashelhit",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tanikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "takla"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎždá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkye:",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "သံချေး"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovell"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "taya"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鏽"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "sau³",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "锈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鏽"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiù",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "锈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鐵鏽"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiěxiù",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "铁锈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gossen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tot"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "dabaru",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ދަބަރު"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roest"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxydatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rooste"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "səmtu",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rustur"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruoste"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruzin"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferruxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "žangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჟანგი"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nidwa",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌰"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skouriá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σκουριά"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iós sidḗrou",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἰός σιδήρου"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iós",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἰός"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "חֲלוּדָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "morcā",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मोरचा"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jaṅg",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जंग"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zaṅg",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ज़ंग"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rozsda"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ryð"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "karat"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meirg"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruggine"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"alt": "さび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sabi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "錆"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "zev",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "зев"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kalawang"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тат"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tot",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тот"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "creh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ច្រែះ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"alt": "綠",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "녹"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"North-Korea"
],
"word": "록"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ژەنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jeng"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "дат"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sa nim",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ສະໜິມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mīang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ຫມ້ຽງ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrūgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōbīgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "mjangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "მჟანგი"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "cangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჯანგი"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rūdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rascht"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵa",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "’рѓа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tangis"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "karat"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "turumpŭ",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "തുരുമ്പ്"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sadid"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "sebden",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ᠰᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "waikura"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tangis"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zev",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "зэв"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "septuče",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэптучэ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiyā",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "खिया"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roui"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rovilh"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "rŭža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "oac",
"lang": "Oroch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "oaa",
"lang": "Orok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэпту"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çirk",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "چرك"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "pag",
"lang": "Pangasinan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "lati"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زنګ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "morčá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مرچه"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "murča",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مورچه"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zangâr",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زنگار"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ژنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rugină"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržávčina",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа́вчина"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "archaic or colloquial",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arroina"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arrúnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "orroina"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinzu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arroinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arruinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рђа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rđa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "firrunìa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rìsina"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrdza"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rja"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "tat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тат"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óxido"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herrumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moho"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "orín"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rost"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kalawang"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "занг"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "tutıq",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тутык"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "gaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-nǐm",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "สนิม"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "btsa'",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "བཙའ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kentse"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pas"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pos"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iržá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ulc",
"lang": "Ulch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэптучэ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "dat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "دات"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "zeng",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زەڭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "zang"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùxen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùxene"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rùzene"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rỉ sét"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruil"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "lelaxüd"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arakaak"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhwd"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "jebin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "дьэбин"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "zhaver",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "זשאַווער"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 6 12",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "cengar"
}
]
},
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{
"_dis": "25 32 15 12 17",
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"_dis": "24 24 6 5 7 8 7 3 8 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Iron",
"orig": "en:Iron",
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"Transition metals",
"Chemical elements",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "11 16 6 20 11 3 4 18 7 5",
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"name": "Fungi",
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"Fundamental",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "copper rust",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similar substance based on another metal."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-noun--wAR1zE-",
"tags": [
"countable",
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"_dis": "4 8 21 11 7 4 11 6 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
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"_dis": "10 15 19 10 10 3 7 4 9 15",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "rust:"
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],
"glosses": [
"A reddish-brown color."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-noun-xOCqu~S1",
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"brown",
"brown"
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-rust-en-noun-ZwS~z1D~",
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[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"fungus",
"rust fungus"
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],
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "herdoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎžda",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "鏽病"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiùbìng",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "锈病"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ruoste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gudapšuṭa",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "გუდაფშუტა"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Weizenbraunrost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwarzrost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "erusíbē",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐρυσίβη"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "gabonaüszög"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "üszög"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rozsda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caoch rua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruggine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ژەنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōbīgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rugină"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržávčina",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа́вчина"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herrumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ruiläd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "y gawod goch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philately",
"orig": "en:Philately",
"parents": [
"Hobbies",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 6 20 11 3 4 18 7 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fungi",
"orig": "en:Fungi",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-noun-QN69NSEZ",
"links": [
[
"philately",
"philately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"philately"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg/En-us-rust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıźğılt körən",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ҡыҙғылт көрән"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roestbruin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustokoloro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruosteenruskea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "žangmic̣a",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ჟანგმიწა"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rostbraun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rozsdabarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rusteakoloro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zeviin öngö",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "зэвийн өнгө"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ńdiniichxííh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustrød"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustraud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruginiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "marrón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rojizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rostbrun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rostfärgad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruilaköl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rust out"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rusten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rusten",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aeciospore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferric oxide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferruginous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rubiginous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "verdigris"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The patio furniture had rusted in the wind-driven spray."
},
{
"ref": "1946, International Council of Religious Education, The New Covenant, Commonly Called the New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ: Revised Standard Version, James 5:3, page 490",
"text": "Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To oxidize, especially of iron or steel."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-verb-k-5ZJAWi",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To oxidize, especially of iron or steel."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 21 11 7 4 11 6 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Browns",
"orig": "en:Browns",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind-driven spray had thoroughly rusted the patio furniture."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to oxidize."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-verb-u8kR5Zj1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to oxidize."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "ruostuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "enrouiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵosuva",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "’рѓосува"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevrüülex",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "зэврүүлэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "enferrujar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "aherrumbrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "paslatmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "paslandırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 58 1 38 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "rhydu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 16 6 20 11 3 4 18 7 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fungi",
"orig": "en:Fungi",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902 January 3, “Mapstone Oats: Further Experiences”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 22, page 688",
"text": "I am sorry to say that, contrary to the majority, I have to report that the forage rusted rather badly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-verb-mSFzOeXd",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy",
"text": "Must I rust in Egypt? never more / Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-verb-L4NMilI8",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 21 11 7 4 11 6 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Browns",
"orig": "en:Browns",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight."
],
"id": "en-rust-en-verb-I9dk~KNv",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"cat",
"cat"
],
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"sunlight",
"sunlight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg/En-us-rust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭst"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oxidise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oxidize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "corrode"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣaddaʔa",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "صَدَّأَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadda",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "صَدَّا"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "aferruñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "iržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "іржаве́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаве́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zaržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржаве́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "merglañ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎždjasvam",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ръждясвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkye:tak",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "သံချေးတက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rovellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生鏽"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "saang¹ sau³",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生锈"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生鏽"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngxiù",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生锈"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "gosseni"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "totlanmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rezavět"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "dabarujehun",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ދަބަރުޖެހުނ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "roesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "verroesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxideren"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ruostua"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rouiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxyder"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "inruzinî"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "enferruxar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "verrosten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rosten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "wouye"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rozsdásodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "berozsdál"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ryðga"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustifar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rusteskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ossidare"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sabiru",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "錆びる"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "creh cap",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ច្រែះចាប់"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "doh creh",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ដុះច្រែះ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng hellhênan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ژەنگ ھەڵھێنان"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "robigino"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rūsēt"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "raschten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵosuva",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "’рѓосува"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "turumpikkuka",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "തുരുമ്പിക്കുക"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rusten"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevrex",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "зэврэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevtex",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "зэвтэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ńdiniichxííh"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiyā lāgnu",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "खिया लाग्नु"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiinu",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "खिइनु"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rovilhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rdzewieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zardzewieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "enferrujar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rugini"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxida"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržavétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаве́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaržávétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржа́ве́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "hrdzavieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "aherrumbrarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "paslanmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iržávity",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "іржа́віти"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ržavíty",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаві́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zairžávity",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заіржа́віти"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zaržavíty",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржаві́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rỉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 41 2 11 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rhydu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rust"
],
"word": "rust"
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{
"etymology_templates": [
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish rost (“rust”), from Old Norse *rustr, possibly borrowed from Old Saxon rost, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
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"form": "rusten",
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"9": "",
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{
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"rust",
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{
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"tags": [
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],
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{
"ipa": "[ʁɔsd̥]"
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"wikipedia": [
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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"categories": [
{
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{
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{
"derived": [
{
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"descendants": [
{
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"1": "dcr",
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ruste"
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustijō",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Rüst",
"t": "rest"
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"expansion": "German Low German Rüst (“rest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rüste",
"t": "end, sunset"
},
"expansion": "German Rüste (“end, sunset”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ruste, from Old Dutch *rusta, from Proto-Germanic *rustijō. Cognate with German Low German Rüst (“rest”), German Rüste (“end, sunset”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusten",
"tags": [
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"args": {
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],
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"rust"
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"lang": "Dutch",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(literally, “Why don't you leave me at rest?”)",
"roman": "Why don't you leave me alone?",
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"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rest, calm, peace"
],
"id": "en-rust-nl-noun-Ypx2Y~zS",
"links": [
[
"rest",
"rest"
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[
"calm",
"calm"
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[
"peace",
"peace"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Sports",
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"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"half-time"
],
"id": "en-rust-nl-noun-P~een02x",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"half-time",
"half-time"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) half-time"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏst/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ʏst"
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{
"audio": "Nl-rust.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Nl-rust.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
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],
"word": "rust"
}
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
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"expansion": "rust",
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],
"hyphenation": [
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"lang": "Dutch",
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],
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"singular",
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},
{
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"id": "en-rust-nl-verb-3OhNCnut",
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[
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],
"sounds": [
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{
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{
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"word": "rust"
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{
"descendants": [
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{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"text": "Scots: roost, roust"
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],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"args": {
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{
"args": {
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{
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{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
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"args": {
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{
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[
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"rust#English"
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[
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"iron#English"
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[
"steel",
"steel#English"
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},
{
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[
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"(figurative) Moral degeneration."
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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],
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[
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"horticulture"
],
[
"fungal",
"fungal"
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[
"disease",
"disease"
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"(horticulture) A fungal disease of plants."
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"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
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"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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[
"rusten",
"rusten#Middle English"
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],
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"alternative"
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],
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{
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{
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],
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{
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"singular"
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{
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"singular"
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],
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"rust",
"rust#English"
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"masculine",
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{
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[
"rust",
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],
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"feminine",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
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}
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{
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{
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[
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],
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"imperative"
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}
],
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{
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}
],
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],
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"rusta#Norwegian Nynorsk"
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}
],
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],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/rʉːst/"
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],
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"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Danish verb forms"
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"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"form": "rusten",
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"definite",
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}
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"rust",
"rust#English"
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},
{
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"corrosion"
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"links": [
[
"corrosion",
"corrosion"
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],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ʁɔsd̥]"
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{
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"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish rost (“rust”), from Old Norse *rustr, possibly borrowed from Old Saxon rost, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "da",
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[
"ruste",
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],
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{
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"derived": [
{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"t": "end, sunset"
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"expansion": "German Rüste (“end, sunset”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
"form": "rusten",
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}
],
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{
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],
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{
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],
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{
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],
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[
"rest",
"rest"
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[
"calm",
"calm"
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[
"peace",
"peace"
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"sports"
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[
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"half-time"
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"tags": [
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"topics": [
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"lifestyle",
"sports"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏst/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ʏst"
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{
"audio": "Nl-rust.ogg",
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"text": "Audio"
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],
"word": "rust"
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{
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{
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],
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "rust",
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[
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"singular",
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{
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[
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"imperative"
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}
],
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{
"rhymes": "-ʏst"
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{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Nl-rust.ogg",
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],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"en:Browns",
"en:Fungi",
"en:Iron",
"en:Reds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anti-rust"
},
{
"word": "black rust"
},
{
"word": "cedar-apple rust"
},
{
"word": "coffee leaf rust"
},
{
"word": "coffee rust"
},
{
"word": "gooseberry rust"
},
{
"word": "mayapple rust"
},
{
"word": "nab the rust"
},
{
"word": "Rust"
},
{
"word": "rust belt"
},
{
"word": "rust-belt"
},
{
"word": "Rust Belt"
},
{
"word": "rust bucket"
},
{
"word": "rust-bucket"
},
{
"word": "rustbucket"
},
{
"word": "bucket of rust"
},
{
"word": "rust fungus"
},
{
"word": "rust joint"
},
{
"word": "rust mite"
},
{
"word": "rustproof"
},
{
"word": "rusty"
},
{
"word": "soybean rust"
},
{
"word": "spinning rust"
},
{
"word": "stem rust"
},
{
"word": "wheat rust"
},
{
"word": "white pine blister rust"
},
{
"word": "white rust"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rost"
},
"expansion": "rost",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roust"
},
"expansion": "roust",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rust",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūst",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "rūst (“rust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rustaz",
"4": "",
"5": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rudʰso-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Scots roust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "rust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roast",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian roast (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roest",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roest (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rost",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "German Rost (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rust",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Danish rust (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rost",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rost (“rust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rust",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "ryst",
"3": "",
"4": "rust"
},
"expansion": "ryst (“rust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruoste"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruoste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rooste"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rooste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "red"
},
"expansion": "red",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).\nCognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
],
[
"moisture",
"moisture"
],
[
"oxidation",
"oxidation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "copper rust",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similar substance based on another metal."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rust:"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reddish-brown color."
],
"links": [
[
"reddish",
"reddish"
],
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus."
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"fungus",
"rust fungus"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Philately"
],
"glosses": [
"Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection."
],
"links": [
[
"philately",
"philately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"philately"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg/En-us-rust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ndryshk"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dryshk"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadaʔ",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدَأ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣada",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ժանգ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ժանգ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "mamor",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "মামৰ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "কঁহ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roña"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pas"
},
{
"code": "bjn",
"lang": "Banjarese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tagar"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tut",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тут"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "herdoil"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჟანგ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "iržá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"code": "shi",
"lang": "Berber Tashelhit",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tanikt"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "takla"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎždá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда́"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkye:",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "သံချေး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovell"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "taya"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鏽"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "sau³",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "锈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鏽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiù",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "锈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "鐵鏽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiěxiù",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "铁锈"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gossen"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tot"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "dabaru",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ދަބަރު"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roest"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oxydatie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rusto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rooste"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "səmtu",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rustur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruoste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruzin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferruxe"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "žangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჟანგი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "nidwa",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌽𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌰"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skouriá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σκουριά"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iós sidḗrou",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἰός σιδήρου"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "iós",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἰός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "חֲלוּדָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "morcā",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मोरचा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jaṅg",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जंग"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zaṅg",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ज़ंग"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rozsda"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ryð"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rusto"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "karat"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meirg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruggine"
},
{
"alt": "さび",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sabi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "錆"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "zev",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "зев"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kalawang"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тат"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tot",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тот"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "creh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ច្រែះ"
},
{
"alt": "綠",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "녹"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "rok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"North-Korea"
],
"word": "록"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ژەنگ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jeng"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "дат"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sa nim",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ສະໜິມ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mīang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ຫມ້ຽງ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrūgō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōbīgō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rūsa"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "mjangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "მჟანგი"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "cangi",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ჯანგი"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rūdys"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rascht"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵa",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "’рѓа"
},
{
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tangis"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "karat"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "turumpŭ",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "തുരുമ്പ്"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sadid"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "sebden",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ᠰᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "waikura"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "tangis"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zev",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "зэв"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "septuče",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэптучэ"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiyā",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "खिया"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roui"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruosta"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rovilh"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "rŭža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжа"
},
{
"code": "oac",
"lang": "Oroch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"code": "oaa",
"lang": "Orok",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэпту"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çirk",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "چرك"
},
{
"code": "pag",
"lang": "Pangasinan",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "lati"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زنګ"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "morčá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مرچه"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "murča",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مورچه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زنگ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zangâr",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زنگار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ژنگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rugină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržávčina",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа́вчина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "archaic or colloquial",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arroina"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arrúnia"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "orroina"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rubinzu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arroinu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruinu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arruinu"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "рђа"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rđa"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "firrunìa"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rìsina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrdza"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rja"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zarz"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "tat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тат"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óxido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herrumbre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "orín"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rost"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kalawang"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "занг"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "tutıq",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "тутык"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "gaha"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-nǐm",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "สนิม"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "btsa'",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "བཙའ"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "kentse"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pas"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "pos"
},
{
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэмту"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iržá",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"code": "ulc",
"lang": "Ulch",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "сэптучэ"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zang",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زنگ"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "dat",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "دات"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "zeng",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "زەڭ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "zang"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùxen"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùxene"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùzen"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rùzene"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "rỉ sét"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "ruil"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "lelaxüd"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "arakaak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhwd"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "jebin",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "дьэбин"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "zhaver",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "זשאַווער"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "result of oxidation",
"word": "cengar"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıźğılt körən",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ҡыҙғылт көрән"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "roestbruin"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustokoloro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruosteenruskea"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "žangmic̣a",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ჟანგმიწა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rostbraun"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rozsdabarna"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rusteakoloro"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruds"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zeviin öngö",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "зэвийн өнгө"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ńdiniichxííh"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustrød"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rustraud"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruginiu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "marrón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rojizo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rostbrun"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "rostfärgad"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "colour",
"word": "ruilaköl"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vrug"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "herdoil"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎžda",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovell"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "鏽病"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiùbìng",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "锈病"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ruoste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gudapšuṭa",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "გუდაფშუტა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Weizenbraunrost"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwarzrost"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "erusíbē",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἐρυσίβη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "gabonaüszög"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "üszög"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rozsda"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caoch rua"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruggine"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ژەنگ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōbīgō"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rust"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ferrugem"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rugină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržávčina",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа́вчина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rža",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roya"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "herrumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "rost"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "plant disease",
"word": "ruiläd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "plant disease",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "y gawod goch"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"en:Browns",
"en:Fungi",
"en:Iron",
"en:Reds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rust off"
},
{
"word": "rust out"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rusten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rusten",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "aeciospore"
},
{
"word": "ferric oxide"
},
{
"word": "ferruginous"
},
{
"word": "rouille"
},
{
"word": "rubiginous"
},
{
"word": "verdigris"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The patio furniture had rusted in the wind-driven spray."
},
{
"ref": "1946, International Council of Religious Education, The New Covenant, Commonly Called the New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ: Revised Standard Version, James 5:3, page 490",
"text": "Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To oxidize, especially of iron or steel."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"steel",
"steel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To oxidize, especially of iron or steel."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind-driven spray had thoroughly rusted the patio furniture."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to oxidize."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to oxidize."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902 January 3, “Mapstone Oats: Further Experiences”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 22, page 688",
"text": "I am sorry to say that, contrary to the majority, I have to report that the forage rusted rather badly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy",
"text": "Must I rust in Egypt? never more / Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight."
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"cat",
"cat"
],
[
"fur",
"fur"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"sunlight",
"sunlight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg/En-us-rust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-rust.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭst"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "oxidise"
},
{
"word": "oxidize"
},
{
"word": "corrode"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣaddaʔa",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "صَدَّأَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadda",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "صَدَّا"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "aferruñar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "iržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "іржаве́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаве́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zaržavjécʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржаве́ць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "merglañ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎždjasvam",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ръждясвам"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkye:tak",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "သံချေးတက်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rovellar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生鏽"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "saang¹ sau³",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生锈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生鏽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngxiù",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "生锈"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "gosseni"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "totlanmaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rezavět"
},
{
"code": "dv",
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"roman": "dabarujehun",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ދަބަރުޖެހުނ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "roesten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "verroesten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxideren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ruostua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rouiller"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxyder"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "inruzinî"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "enferruxar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "verrosten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rosten"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "wouye"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rozsdásodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "berozsdál"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ryðga"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustigar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rustifar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rusteskar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ossidare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sabiru",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "錆びる"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "creh cap",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ច្រែះចាប់"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "doh creh",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ដុះច្រែះ"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "jeng hellhênan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ژەنگ ھەڵھێنان"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "robigino"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rūsēt"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "raschten"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵosuva",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "’рѓосува"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "turumpikkuka",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "തുരുമ്പിക്കുക"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rusten"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevrex",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "зэврэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevtex",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "зэвтэх"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ńdiniichxííh"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiyā lāgnu",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "खिया लाग्नु"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "khiinu",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "खिइनु"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "ruste"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rovilhar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rdzewieć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zardzewieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "enferrujar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rugini"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "oxida"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ržavétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаве́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaržávétʹ",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржа́ве́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "hrdzavieť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "aherrumbrarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rosta"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "paslanmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iržávity",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "іржа́віти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ržavíty",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ржаві́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zairžávity",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заіржа́віти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zaržavíty",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заржаві́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rỉ"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to oxidise",
"word": "rhydu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "ruostuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "enrouiller"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "’rǵosuva",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "’рѓосува"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zevrüülex",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "зэврүүлэх"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "enferrujar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "oxidar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "aherrumbrar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "paslatmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "paslandırmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to cause to oxidise",
"word": "rhydu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Fungi",
"enm:Metallurgy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rust"
},
"expansion": "English: rust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rust"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roost",
"3": "roust"
},
"expansion": "Scots: roost, roust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: roost, roust"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rust"
},
"expansion": "Old English rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rūst"
},
"expansion": "rūst",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rust",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rost"
},
"expansion": "*rost",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rustaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rust",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rust (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rusten"
},
{
"word": "rusty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rust (oxidisation of iron or steel)"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust#English"
],
[
"iron",
"iron#English"
],
[
"steel",
"steel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moral degeneration."
],
"links": [
[
"Moral",
"moral"
],
[
"degeneration",
"degeneration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Moral degeneration."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Horticulture"
],
"glosses": [
"A fungal disease of plants."
],
"links": [
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"fungal",
"fungal"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(horticulture) A fungal disease of plants."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rust/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ruːst/",
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rost"
},
{
"word": "roste"
},
{
"word": "roust"
},
{
"word": "rouste"
},
{
"word": "ruste"
}
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Fungi",
"enm:Metallurgy"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "rust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rusten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of rusten"
],
"links": [
[
"rusten",
"rusten#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rustrød"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rusten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rusta",
"5": "or",
"6": "rusten",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "rust m or f (definite singular rusta or rusten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rust (oxidation of iron and steel)"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rust (disease affecting plants)"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of ruste"
],
"links": [
[
"ruste",
"ruste#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rustaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rusta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rusta",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rust f (definite singular rusta)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rust (oxidation, as above)"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rust (plant disease)"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉst/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Trøndelag dialect",
"word": "røst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rustaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *rustaz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rusta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of rusta"
],
"links": [
[
"rusta",
"rusta#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉst/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Trøndelag dialect",
"word": "røst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:rust"
],
"word": "rust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rusa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of rusa"
],
"links": [
[
"rusa",
"rusa#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉːst/"
}
],
"word": "rust"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.