"rusten" meaning in Middle English

See rusten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈrustən/, /ˈruːstən/
Etymology: From rust + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|rust|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} rust + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} rusten, {{enm-verb|stem=rust}} rusten (third-person singular simple present rusteth, present participle rustende, rustynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rusted) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|rust}} Forms: rusteth [present, singular, third-person], rustende [participle, present], rustynge [participle, present], rusted [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], rusten [infinitive], to rusten [infinitive], ruste [infinitive], ruste [first-person, present, singular], rusted [first-person, past, singular], rustest [present, second-person, singular], rustedest [past, second-person, singular], rusteth [present, singular, third-person], rusted [past, singular, third-person], ruste [present, singular, subjunctive], rusted [past, singular, subjunctive], ruste [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], rusten [plural, present], ruste [plural, present], rusteden [past, plural], rustede [past, plural], rusteth [imperative, plural, present], ruste [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], rustynge [participle, present], rustende [participle, present], rusted [participle, past], yrusted [participle, past]
  1. To rust; to acquire rust.
    Sense id: en-rusten-enm-verb-yvnKsd6C
  2. (figurative) To degenerate; to deteriorate. Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): Metallurgy
    Sense id: en-rusten-enm-verb-3l4Kdj32 Disambiguation of Metallurgy: 22 78 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 28 72 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 37 63
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: roste, rust, ruste, rustin, ruston

Alternative forms

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      "form": "rusten",
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        "infinitive"
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    },
    {
      "form": "to rusten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
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      "form": "ruste",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "ruste",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "rusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "rustest",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "rustedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "second-person",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "rusteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "present",
        "singular",
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    },
    {
      "form": "rusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "ruste",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "singular",
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    {
      "form": "rusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "ruste",
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      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "rusten",
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    },
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      "form": "ruste",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "rusteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustede",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "rustynge",
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      ]
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      "form": "rustende",
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        "participle",
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      ]
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      "form": "rusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "participle",
        "past"
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    },
    {
      "form": "yrusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rust; to acquire rust."
      ],
      "id": "en-rusten-enm-verb-yvnKsd6C",
      "links": [
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          "rust",
          "rust"
        ],
        [
          "acquire",
          "acquire"
        ]
      ]
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          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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          "_dis": "37 63",
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        "To degenerate; to deteriorate."
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          "degenerate"
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        [
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To degenerate; to deteriorate."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrustən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruːstən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "roste"
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rust"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruste"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rustin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ruston"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rusten"
}

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  "categories": [
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    "Middle English lemmas",
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    "Middle English verbs",
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    "Pages with entries",
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  "forms": [
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      "form": "rusten",
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      "form": "to rusten",
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        "infinitive"
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      "source": "conjugation",
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      "source": "conjugation",
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        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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    {
      "form": "rustedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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      "form": "rusteth",
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        "past",
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      "form": "ruste",
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        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rusten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rusteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "rusteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruste",
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        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustynge",
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      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rustende",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yrusted",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "past"
      ]
    }
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rust; to acquire rust."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rust",
          "rust"
        ],
        [
          "acquire",
          "acquire"
        ]
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    {
      "glosses": [
        "To degenerate; to deteriorate."
      ],
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        [
          "degenerate",
          "degenerate"
        ],
        [
          "deteriorate",
          "deteriorate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To degenerate; to deteriorate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈrustən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruːstən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "roste"
    },
    {
      "word": "rust"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruste"
    },
    {
      "word": "rustin"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruston"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rusten"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rusten meaning in Middle English (4.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.