See twinkle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for twinkle meaning in English (19.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkle out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkler"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "twinclen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English twinclen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynclen"
},
"expansion": "twynclen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "twinclian",
"t": "to twinkle"
},
"expansion": "Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twink",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to wink; blink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwinkern",
"t": "to wink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English twinclen, twynclen, from Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”), equivalent to twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "twinkles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "twinkle (third-person singular simple present twinkles, present participle twinkling, simple past and past participle twinkled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We could see the lights of the village twinkling in the distance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 8",
"text": "As the train rumbled slowly over the Forth Bridge, the western sky was aflame with a particularly gorgeous sunset, and lights were twinkling from the small craft riding at anchor on the calm waters of the firth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-verb-y9DR888Y",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
],
[
"flickering",
"flickering"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"glimmer",
"glimmer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a source of light) To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer."
],
"tags": [
"of a source of light"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laʔlaʔa",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "لَأْلَأَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙkaycel",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "առկայծել"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿaylatakel",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "փայլատակել"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "sayrışmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bleštukam",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "блещукам"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "skinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "brili"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tuikkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "briller"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cimcimebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ციმციმებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ielvebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "იელვებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrtis",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კრთის"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrteba",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კრთება"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bžuṭavs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ბჟუტავს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cialebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ციალებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳamḳamebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კამკამებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳiapobs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კიაფობს"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nitsnéts",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "נצנץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "micō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "rikoriko"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "kikiwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "hinātore"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a star",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "taukapo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"english": "like a star",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "whakawhetū"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "dah dinisxǫs"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "blīcan"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "migotać"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "cintilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tremeluzir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "chinpiy"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "pâlpâi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "licări"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "sclipi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mercátʹ",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мерца́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "titilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 6 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tindra"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His shrewd little eyes twinkled roguishly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be bright with delight."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-verb-YquXZFoP",
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of eyes) To be bright with delight."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sparkle"
}
],
"tags": [
"of eyes"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blestja",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "блестя"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "skinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "säihkyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "tuikkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "briller"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "funkeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sijátʹ",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сия́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "fulgurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 95 1 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "refulgir"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Mrs. Juliet M. Hueffer Soskice, Chapters from Childhood: Reminiscences of an Artist's Granddaughter, page 165",
"text": "She smiled and gave a little nod and twinkled her eyes[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bat, blink or wink the eyes."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-verb-EVv030l1",
"links": [
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"blink",
"blink"
],
[
"wink",
"wink"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "qırpmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "primigvam",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "примигвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "blinke"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "vilkuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "cligner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "zwinkern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 93 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "migátʹ",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "мига́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 10 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 26 7 4 3 3 4 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 14 10 6 5 6 8 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Dorothy Gilman, Mrs. Pollifax and the Golden Triangle, page 190",
"text": "A butterfly twinkled among the vines[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flit to and fro."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-verb-M~~wXOpH",
"links": [
[
"flit",
"flit"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 95",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "fare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "pyrähdellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 95",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "virevolter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxátʹ",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "порха́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 2 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxátʹ tudá-sjudá",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "порха́ть туда́-сюда́"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-twinkle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg/En-us-twinkle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "glimmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scintillate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wink"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"twinkle"
],
"word": "twinkle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkle in one's daddy's eye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkle in one's father's eye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkle toes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twinkle-toed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "twinclen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English twinclen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynclen"
},
"expansion": "twynclen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "twinclian",
"t": "to twinkle"
},
"expansion": "Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twink",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to wink; blink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwinkern",
"t": "to wink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English twinclen, twynclen, from Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”), equivalent to twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "twinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "twinkle (plural twinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Robert De Beaugrande, Text, Discourse, and Process",
"text": "Soon the rocket was out of sight, and the flame was only seen as a tiny twinkle of light.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sparkle or glimmer of light."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-noun-QSF6phH4",
"links": [
[
"sparkle",
"sparkle"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙkaycum",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "առկայծում"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bleštukane",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блещукане"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "tuike"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "pilke"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "välke"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cimcimi",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ციმციმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ciali",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ციალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaelveba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "გაელვება"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "elvareba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ელვარება"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aelvareba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "აელვარება"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrtoma",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კრთომა"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamoḳrtoma",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "გამოკრთომა"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bžuṭva",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ბჟუტვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvesa",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კვესა"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳamḳami",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კამკამი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳašḳaši",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კაშკაში"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "brc̣q̇inva",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ბრწყინვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳiapi",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კიაფი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glioscarnach"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mercánije",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мерца́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a rotund, jolly man with a twinkle in his eye.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sparkle of delight in the eyes."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-noun-8PxKoLD6",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 89 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bljasǎk",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блясък"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 89 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"word": "pilke"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 89 1 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "naḳvesi",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"word": "ნაკვესი"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 89 1 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glioscarnach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 89 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sijánije",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сия́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, James Russell Lowell, Hebe",
"text": "I saw the twinkle of white feet,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flitting movement."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-noun-lOe-rX8R",
"links": [
[
"flitting",
"flitting"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 94 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxánije",
"sense": "flitting movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "порха́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A brief moment; a twinkling."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-noun-UOGF-z8u",
"links": [
[
"twinkling",
"twinkling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A brief moment; a twinkling."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The popular Swedish cartoon song about genitals was translated as \"Willie and Twinkle\".",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The female genitalia."
],
"id": "en-twinkle-en-noun-heteAvuU",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(childish) The female genitalia."
],
"tags": [
"childish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-twinkle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg/En-us-twinkle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"twinkle"
],
"word": "twinkle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "twinkle out"
},
{
"word": "twinkler"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "twinclen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English twinclen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynclen"
},
"expansion": "twynclen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "twinclian",
"t": "to twinkle"
},
"expansion": "Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twink",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to wink; blink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwinkern",
"t": "to wink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English twinclen, twynclen, from Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”), equivalent to twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "twinkles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "twinkled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "twinkle (third-person singular simple present twinkles, present participle twinkling, simple past and past participle twinkled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We could see the lights of the village twinkling in the distance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 8",
"text": "As the train rumbled slowly over the Forth Bridge, the western sky was aflame with a particularly gorgeous sunset, and lights were twinkling from the small craft riding at anchor on the calm waters of the firth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer."
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
],
[
"flickering",
"flickering"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"glimmer",
"glimmer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a source of light) To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer."
],
"tags": [
"of a source of light"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His shrewd little eyes twinkled roguishly.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be bright with delight."
],
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"delight",
"delight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of eyes) To be bright with delight."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sparkle"
}
],
"tags": [
"of eyes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Mrs. Juliet M. Hueffer Soskice, Chapters from Childhood: Reminiscences of an Artist's Granddaughter, page 165",
"text": "She smiled and gave a little nod and twinkled her eyes[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bat, blink or wink the eyes."
],
"links": [
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"blink",
"blink"
],
[
"wink",
"wink"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Dorothy Gilman, Mrs. Pollifax and the Golden Triangle, page 190",
"text": "A butterfly twinkled among the vines[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flit to and fro."
],
"links": [
[
"flit",
"flit"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-twinkle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg/En-us-twinkle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glimmer"
},
{
"word": "scintillate"
},
{
"word": "wink"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laʔlaʔa",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "لَأْلَأَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙkaycel",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "առկայծել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿaylatakel",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "փայլատակել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "sayrışmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bleštukam",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "блещукам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "blikat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "skinne"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "brili"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tuikkia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "briller"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cimcimebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ციმციმებს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ielvebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "იელვებს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrtis",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კრთის"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrteba",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კრთება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bžuṭavs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ბჟუტავს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cialebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "ციალებს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳamḳamebs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კამკამებს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳiapobs",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "კიაფობს"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nitsnéts",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "נצנץ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "micō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "rikoriko"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "rikoriko"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "kikiwa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "hinātore"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a star",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "taukapo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "like a star",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "whakawhetū"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "dah dinisxǫs"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "blīcan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "migotać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "cintilar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tremeluzir"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "chinpiy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "pâlpâi"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "licări"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "sclipi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mercátʹ",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мерца́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "titilar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shine with a flickering light; to glimmer",
"word": "tindra"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "blestja",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "блестя"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "skinne"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "säihkyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "tuikkia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "briller"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "funkeln"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sijátʹ",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сия́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "fulgurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be bright with delight",
"word": "refulgir"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "qırpmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "primigvam",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "примигвам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "blinke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "vilkuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "cligner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "zwinkern"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "migátʹ",
"sense": "to bat, blink or wink the eyes",
"word": "мига́ть"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "fare"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "pyrähdellä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "virevolter"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxátʹ",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"word": "порха́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxátʹ tudá-sjudá",
"sense": "to flit to and fro",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "порха́ть туда́-сюда́"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"twinkle"
],
"word": "twinkle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "twinkle in one's daddy's eye"
},
{
"word": "twinkle in one's father's eye"
},
{
"word": "twinkle toes"
},
{
"word": "twinkle-toed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "twinclen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English twinclen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynclen"
},
"expansion": "twynclen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "twinclian",
"t": "to twinkle"
},
"expansion": "Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twink",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative",
"pos2": "frequentative suffix",
"t1": "to wink; blink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwinkern",
"t": "to wink; twinkle"
},
"expansion": "German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English twinclen, twynclen, from Old English twinclian (“to twinkle”), equivalent to twink (“to wink; blink; twinkle”) + -le (frequentative suffix). Compare German zwinkern (“to wink; twinkle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "twinkles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "twinkle (plural twinkles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, Robert De Beaugrande, Text, Discourse, and Process",
"text": "Soon the rocket was out of sight, and the flame was only seen as a tiny twinkle of light.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sparkle or glimmer of light."
],
"links": [
[
"sparkle",
"sparkle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He was a rotund, jolly man with a twinkle in his eye.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sparkle of delight in the eyes."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, James Russell Lowell, Hebe",
"text": "I saw the twinkle of white feet,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flitting movement."
],
"links": [
[
"flitting",
"flitting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A brief moment; a twinkling."
],
"links": [
[
"twinkling",
"twinkling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A brief moment; a twinkling."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English childish terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The popular Swedish cartoon song about genitals was translated as \"Willie and Twinkle\".",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The female genitalia."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(childish) The female genitalia."
],
"tags": [
"childish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-twinkle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg/En-us-twinkle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/En-us-twinkle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aṙkaycum",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "առկայծում"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bleštukane",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "блещукане"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "tuike"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "pilke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "välke"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "cimcimi",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ციმციმი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ciali",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ციალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaelveba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "გაელვება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "elvareba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ელვარება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aelvareba",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "აელვარება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrtoma",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კრთომა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamoḳrtoma",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "გამოკრთომა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bžuṭva",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ბჟუტვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvesa",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კვესა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳamḳami",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კამკამი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳašḳaši",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კაშკაში"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "brc̣q̇inva",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "ბრწყინვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳiapi",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"word": "კიაფი"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glioscarnach"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mercánije",
"sense": "sparkle or glimmer of light",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мерца́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bljasǎk",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блясък"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"word": "pilke"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "naḳvesi",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"word": "ნაკვესი"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glioscarnach"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sijánije",
"sense": "sparkle of delight in the eyes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сия́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porxánije",
"sense": "flitting movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "порха́ние"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"twinkle"
],
"word": "twinkle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.