See swear on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "mind one's language"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "answer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beswear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "could have sworn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "forswear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "I swear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pinky swear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reswear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear at"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear blind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear by"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear on a stack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear on a stack of Bibles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear the peace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear to God"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear upon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swear word"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweary"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"id": "swear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sweren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swerian",
"t": "to swear, take an oath of office"
},
"expansion": "Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną",
"t": "to speak, swear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swarre",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "swera",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zweren",
"t": "to swear, vow"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swören",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Low German swören (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwören",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "German schwören (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sværge"
},
"expansion": "Danish sværge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svära",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svära (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sverja",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "свара",
"t": "quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "var",
"t": "to hang, consider, to depend from"
},
"expansion": "Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swore",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sware",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swore",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swears",
"2": "swearing",
"3": "swore",
"4": "sworn",
"past2": "sware",
"past2_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "swore",
"past_ptc2_qual": "nonstandard"
},
"expansion": "swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drop the f-bomb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "outswear"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss up a blue streak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "pardon my French"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "potty mouth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swearing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear word"
}
],
"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"text": "The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb-iEcZSMTn",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pledge"
},
{
"word": "vow"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
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"examples": [
{
"text": "The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take an oath that an assertion is true."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb-UPJGJ34m",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depose"
},
{
"word": "affirm"
},
{
"word": "testify"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I swear I don't know what you're talking about.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "My little brother is such a pest, I swear.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:",
"text": "The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb-xaateiH8",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
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{
"text": "Let the witness be sworn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To administer an oath to (a person)."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb-0~2Ts~Nv",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 17 16 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 5 5 4 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 13 10 11 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 14 12 18 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 12 8 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Istriot translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 7 9 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 12 8 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 12 8 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 12 8 9 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 14 10 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 8 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 10 6 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 12 8 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 8 9 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 12 10 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 13 9 11 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maranao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 4 3 7 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mauritian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 13 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 11 7 20 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 12 7 23 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 6 22 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 9 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 8 6 6 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 13 9 15 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 14 10 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 10 11 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 14 6 21 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 8 9 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 8 10 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 11 7 22 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 9 10 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 14 10 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 9 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 12 9 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 9 11 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 7 21 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 8 9 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 14 10 12 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:",
"text": "An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb-OC00F-ki",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"profane",
"profane"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curse"
},
{
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"word": "swear"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šatama",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "شَتَمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sabba",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "سَبَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sabb",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "سَبّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šatam",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "شتم"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hayhoyel",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "հայհոյել"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "söyüş söymək"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"South-Azerbaijani"
],
"word": "yaman demək"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lájacca",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́яцца"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "macjukácca",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мацюка́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "psúvam",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "псу́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rugája",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руга́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "咒罵"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòumà",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "咒骂"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "醜詆"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǒudǐ",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "丑诋"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "罵人"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "màrén",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "骂人"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "vloeken"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "schelden"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sakri"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "parolaĉi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "fiparoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blasfemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "ropendama"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blóta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "svørja"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "kiroilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "gronder"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣q̇evla",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "წყევლა"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrulva",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "კრულვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gineba",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "გინება"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "schimpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "fluchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vrízo",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "βρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kilél",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "קִלֵּל"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kosnā",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "कोसना"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gālī denā",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "गाली देना"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "káromkodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "szitkozódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blóta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bas'ciamà"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "insultare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bestemmiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"alt": "ののしる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nonoshiru",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "罵る"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"alt": "あくたいをつく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutai o tsuku",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "悪態をつく"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"alt": "どなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "donaru",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "怒鳴る"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yogeul hada",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "욕을 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "cinêwdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "جْنێودان"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "keiktis"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pcue",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пцуе"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "teṟipaṟayuka",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "തെറിപറയുക"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "kangakanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "juther"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banne"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverge"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banne"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverje"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bǫlva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fohš dâdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "فحش دادن"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "došnâm dâdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "دشنام دادن"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kląć"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zakląć"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przeklinać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przekląć"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skląć"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyklinać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluzgać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "bluznąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "praguejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "xingar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "înjura"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blestema"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rugátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руга́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výrugatʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́ругаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "branítʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "брани́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvernoslóvitʹ",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скверносло́вить"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "materítʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матери́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "low colloquial",
"roman": "matjukátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюка́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "low colloquial",
"roman": "matjugátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюга́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "psovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jastimiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nciuriari"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nzurtari"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kliať"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klěś"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blasfemar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "renegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "echar ternos"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "maldecir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "svära"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dašnom dodan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "дашном додан"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "haqorat kardan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "ҳақорат кардан"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-bòt",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "สบถ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sövmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "küfretmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lájatysja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́ятися"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "matjukátysja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюка́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nói tục"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "văng tục"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nói bậy"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi tục"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi bậy"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi thề"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "melltithio"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 93",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "rhegi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "blaspheme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a trooper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a sailor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and blind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and jeff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "imprecate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "vilify"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥalafa",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "حَلَفَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥalaf",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "حلف"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erdvel",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "երդվել"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erdvecʻnel",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "երդվեցնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giur"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "and içmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kljáscisja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́сціся"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakljáscisja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакля́сціся"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prysjahácʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прысяга́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prysjahnúcʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прысягну́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kôsôm kôra",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "কসম করা"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaklévam se",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "закле́вам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎlná se",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кълна́ се"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ကျိန်"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "發誓"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāshì",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "发誓"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "賭咒"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǔzhòu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "赌咒"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přísahat"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sværge"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "een eed afleggen"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ĵuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svørja"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "vannoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zurâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ğurâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dapiceba",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "დაფიცება"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pici",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ფიცი"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "schwören"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orkízomai",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ορκίζομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ómnumi",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ὄμνυμι"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nishbá",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "נשבע"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "esküszik"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurare"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"alt": "ちかう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikau",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "誓う"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"alt": "ちぎる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chigiru",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "契る"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jura"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑccaa",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "សច្ចា"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saabaan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "សាបាន"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sbɑt",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ស្បថ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "maengsehada",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "맹세하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "swênd xwardin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "سوێند خواردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sa bān",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ສະບານ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "iūrō"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "swören"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se kolne",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се колне"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "āṇayiṭuka",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ആണയിടുക"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "satyaṁ ceyyuka",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "സത്യം ചെയ്യുക"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "naħlef"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sapa'"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mfe",
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zoure"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ruq",
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jur"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "amlax",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "амлах"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "amalaqu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ulapva"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "juther"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverge"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverje"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sowgand xordan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "سوگند خوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qasam xordan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "قسم خوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przysięgać"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przysiąc"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przyrzekać"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przyrzec"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kląć się"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zaklinać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jura"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljástʹsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́сться"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokljástʹsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покля́сться"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisjagátʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "присяга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisjagnútʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присягну́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurài"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurare"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zurare"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клети се"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kleti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurari"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurari"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prisahať"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prisegati"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "priseči"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "-apa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svära"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svärja"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qasam xurdan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "қасам хурдан"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "savgand yod kardan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "савганд ёд кардан"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "oṭṭu peṭṭu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ఒట్టు పెట్టు"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pramāṇaṁ cēyu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ప్రమాణం చేయు"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-baan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "สาบาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ant içmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "yemin etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kljástysja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́стися"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kljastýsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клясти́ся"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokljástysja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покля́стися"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokljastýsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поклясти́ся"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prysjaháty",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "присяга́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prysjahnúty",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присягну́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "qasamyod qilmoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "thề"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "djurer"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 41 3 15 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "tyngu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gospel of Matthew"
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sware"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sware",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swaru"
},
"expansion": "Old English swaru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swarō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (plural swears)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swear box"
},
{
"word": "swear jar"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá:",
"text": "You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page v. 27:",
"text": "[A]ccording to his kind the man would smile cynically, or look sad, or let out a swear or two.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A swear word."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-noun-EShcptIj",
"links": [
[
"swear word",
"swear word"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curse"
},
{
"word": "expletive"
},
{
"word": "four-letter word"
},
{
"word": "swear word"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swearness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swearock"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swearer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more swear",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "swearest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most swear",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 10 11 2 13 5 2 2 2 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 10 9 14 2 13 4 1 1 1 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Heavy."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-adj-HQwLFeZ1",
"links": [
[
"Heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "massive"
},
{
"word": "massy"
},
{
"word": "weighty"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 10 11 2 13 5 2 2 2 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 10 9 14 2 13 4 1 1 1 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Top-heavy; too high."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-adj-8lYFZecB",
"links": [
[
"Top-heavy",
"top-heavy"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overbalanced"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:",
"text": "Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull; lazy; slow."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-adj-zS1bwtOz",
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "idle"
},
{
"word": "work-shy"
},
{
"word": "lazy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:",
"text": "But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:",
"text": "My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Reluctant; unwilling."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-adj-VdCmkqgO",
"links": [
[
"Reluctant",
"reluctant"
],
[
"unwilling",
"unwilling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disinclined"
},
{
"word": "loath"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 10 11 2 13 5 2 2 2 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 10 9 14 2 13 4 1 1 1 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:",
"text": "For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Niggardly."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-adj-vidv5NF3",
"links": [
[
"Niggardly",
"niggardly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miserly"
},
{
"word": "penurious"
},
{
"word": "stingy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swere"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (plural swears)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 10 11 2 13 5 2 2 2 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 10 9 14 2 13 4 1 1 1 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-noun-XNu34ocL",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"siesta",
"siesta"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nap"
},
{
"word": "undermeal"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swere"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "mind one's language"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sweared",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sweared",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drop the f-bomb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "outswear"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss up a blue streak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "pardon my French"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "potty mouth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swearing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear word"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 10 11 2 13 5 2 2 2 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 10 9 14 2 13 4 1 1 1 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 10 13 2 14 4 1 1 1 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours."
],
"id": "en-swear-en-verb--qzfUwm2",
"links": [
[
"rest",
"rest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "laze about"
},
{
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"word": "take it easy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "blaspheme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a trooper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a sailor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and blind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and jeff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "imprecate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "vilify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swere"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swihaniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swihaniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Suiones"
},
"expansion": "Latin Suiones",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "suehans"
},
"expansion": "Gothic suehans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swihaniz, plural of *swihô, of further unknown origin. Cognate with Latin Suiones, Gothic suehans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-an-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "swēar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēonom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "swear m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swē",
"form": "plur"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-an-m"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "swēana",
"api": "swēa",
"asd": "swēan",
"asi": "swēa",
"dpd": "swēonom",
"dpi": "swēom",
"dsd": "swēanom",
"dsi": "swēa",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "swēanna",
"gpi": "swēa",
"gsd": "swēans",
"gsi": "swēa",
"notes": "",
"npd": "swēarnir",
"npi": "swēar",
"nsd": "swēen",
"nsi": "swēe",
"stem": "weak an-stem",
"title": "swēe"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-plur"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēarnir",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēa",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēonom",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēa",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Swedes (of Sweden proper)"
],
"id": "en-swear-gmq-osw-noun-aX8h5u3j",
"links": [
[
"Swede",
"Swede"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "mind one's language"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English class 4 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Istriot translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations",
"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "answer"
},
{
"word": "beswear"
},
{
"word": "could have sworn"
},
{
"word": "forswear"
},
{
"word": "I swear"
},
{
"word": "pinky swear"
},
{
"word": "reswear"
},
{
"word": "swear at"
},
{
"word": "swear blind"
},
{
"word": "swear by"
},
{
"word": "swear down"
},
{
"word": "swear in"
},
{
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"word": "swear off"
},
{
"word": "swear on"
},
{
"word": "swear on a stack"
},
{
"word": "swear on a stack of Bibles"
},
{
"word": "swear out"
},
{
"word": "swear the peace"
},
{
"word": "swear to God"
},
{
"word": "swear upon"
},
{
"word": "swear word"
},
{
"word": "sweary"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"id": "swear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sweren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swerian",
"t": "to swear, take an oath of office"
},
"expansion": "Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną",
"t": "to speak, swear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swarre",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "swera",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zweren",
"t": "to swear, vow"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swören",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Low German swören (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwören",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "German schwören (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sværge"
},
"expansion": "Danish sværge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svära",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svära (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sverja",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "свара",
"t": "quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "var",
"t": "to hang, consider, to depend from"
},
"expansion": "Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swore",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sware",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "swore",
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swears",
"2": "swearing",
"3": "swore",
"4": "sworn",
"past2": "sware",
"past2_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "swore",
"past_ptc2_qual": "nonstandard"
},
"expansion": "swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drop the f-bomb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "outswear"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss up a blue streak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "pardon my French"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "potty mouth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swearing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear word"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pledge"
},
{
"word": "vow"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take an oath that an assertion is true."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depose"
},
{
"word": "affirm"
},
{
"word": "testify"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I swear I don't know what you're talking about.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "My little brother is such a pest, I swear.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:",
"text": "The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Let the witness be sworn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To administer an oath to (a person)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:",
"text": "An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"offensive",
"offensive"
],
[
"profane",
"profane"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curse"
},
{
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"word": "swear"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "blaspheme"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a pagan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a trooper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a sailor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and jeff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "imprecate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "vilify"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥalafa",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "حَلَفَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥalaf",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "حلف"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erdvel",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "երդվել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erdvecʻnel",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "երդվեցնել"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giur"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "and içmək"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kljáscisja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́сціся"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakljáscisja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакля́сціся"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prysjahácʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прысяга́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prysjahnúcʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прысягну́ць"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kôsôm kôra",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "কসম করা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaklévam se",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "закле́вам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎlná se",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кълна́ се"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ကျိန်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "發誓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāshì",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "发誓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "賭咒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǔzhòu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "赌咒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přísahat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sværge"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zweren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "een eed afleggen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ĵuri"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svørja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "vannoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurer"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zurâ"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ğurâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dapiceba",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "დაფიცება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "pici",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ფიცი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "schwören"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orkízomai",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ορκίζομαι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ómnumi",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ὄμνυμι"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nishbá",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "נשבע"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "esküszik"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurare"
},
{
"alt": "ちかう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikau",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "誓う"
},
{
"alt": "ちぎる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chigiru",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "契る"
},
{
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jura"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑccaa",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "សច្ចា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saabaan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "សាបាន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sbɑt",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ស្បថ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "maengsehada",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "맹세하다"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "swênd xwardin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "سوێند خواردن"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sa bān",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ສະບານ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "iūrō"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "swören"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se kolne",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се колне"
},
{
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sapa"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "āṇayiṭuka",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ആണയിടുക"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "satyaṁ ceyyuka",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "സത്യം ചെയ്യുക"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "naħlef"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sapa'"
},
{
"code": "mfe",
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zoure"
},
{
"code": "ruq",
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jur"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "amlax",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "амлах"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "amalaqu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ulapva"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "juther"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverge"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverje"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sowgand xordan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "سوگند خوردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qasam xordan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "قسم خوردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przysięgać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przysiąc"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przyrzekać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przyrzec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kląć się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zaklinać się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljástʹsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́сться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokljástʹsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покля́сться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisjagátʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "присяга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prisjagnútʹ",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присягну́ть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurài"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "zurare"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клети се"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kleti se"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prisahať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prisegati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "priseči"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "-apa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svära"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "svärja"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qasam xurdan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "қасам хурдан"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "savgand yod kardan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "савганд ёд кардан"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "oṭṭu peṭṭu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ఒట్టు పెట్టు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pramāṇaṁ cēyu",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ప్రమాణం చేయు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-baan",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "สาบาน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "ant içmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "yemin etmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kljástysja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кля́стися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kljastýsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клясти́ся"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokljástysja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покля́стися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokljastýsja",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поклясти́ся"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prysjaháty",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "присяга́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prysjahnúty",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "присягну́ти"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "qasamyod qilmoq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "giurar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "thề"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "djurer"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to take an oath",
"word": "tyngu"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šatama",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "شَتَمَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sabba",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "سَبَّ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sabb",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "سَبّ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šatam",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "شتم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hayhoyel",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "հայհոյել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "söyüş söymək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"South-Azerbaijani"
],
"word": "yaman demək"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lájacca",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́яцца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "macjukácca",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мацюка́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "psúvam",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "псу́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rugája",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руга́я"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "咒罵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòumà",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "咒骂"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "醜詆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǒudǐ",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "丑诋"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "罵人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "màrén",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "骂人"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klít"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "vloeken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "schelden"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sakri"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "parolaĉi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "fiparoli"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blasfemi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "ropendama"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banna"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blóta"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "svørja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "kiroilla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jurer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "gronder"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "xurar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣q̇evla",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "წყევლა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳrulva",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "კრულვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gineba",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "გინება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "schimpfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "fluchen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vrízo",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "βρίζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kilél",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "קִלֵּל"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kosnā",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "कोसना"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gālī denā",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "गाली देना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "káromkodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "szitkozódik"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blóta"
},
{
"code": "ist",
"lang": "Istriot",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bas'ciamà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "insultare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bestemmiare"
},
{
"alt": "ののしる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nonoshiru",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "罵る"
},
{
"alt": "あくたいをつく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "akutai o tsuku",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "悪態をつく"
},
{
"alt": "どなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "donaru",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "怒鳴る"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yogeul hada",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "욕을 하다"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "cinêwdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "جْنێودان"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "keiktis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pcue",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пцуе"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "teṟipaṟayuka",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "തെറിപറയുക"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "kangakanga"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "juther"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banne"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverge"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banna"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "banne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverta"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverte"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverja"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sverje"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "bǫlva"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fohš dâdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "فحش دادن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "došnâm dâdan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "دشنام دادن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kląć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zakląć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przeklinać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przekląć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "skląć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyklinać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bluzgać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "bluznąć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "praguejar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "xingar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "înjura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blestema"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rugátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руга́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výrugatʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́ругаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "branítʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "брани́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skvernoslóvitʹ",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "скверносло́вить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "materítʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матери́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "low colloquial",
"roman": "matjukátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюка́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "low colloquial",
"roman": "matjugátʹsja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюга́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "psovati"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jastimiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nciuriari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nzurtari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kliať"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klěś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "blasfemar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "renegar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "jurar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "echar ternos"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "maldecir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "svära"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dašnom dodan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "дашном додан"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "haqorat kardan",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "ҳақорат кардан"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-bòt",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "สบถ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "sövmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "küfretmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lájatysja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́ятися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "matjukátysja",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "матюка́тися"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nói tục"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "văng tục"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "nói bậy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi tục"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi bậy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi thề"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "chửi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "melltithio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to curse, to use offensive language",
"word": "rhegi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gospel of Matthew"
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English class 4 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swear box"
},
{
"word": "swear jar"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sware"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sware",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swaru"
},
"expansion": "Old English swaru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swarō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (plural swears)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá:",
"text": "You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page v. 27:",
"text": "[A]ccording to his kind the man would smile cynically, or look sad, or let out a swear or two.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A swear word."
],
"links": [
[
"swear word",
"swear word"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "curse"
},
{
"word": "expletive"
},
{
"word": "four-letter word"
},
{
"word": "swear word"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English class 4 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swearness"
},
{
"word": "swearock"
},
{
"word": "sweary"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swearer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more swear",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "swearest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most swear",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Heavy."
],
"links": [
[
"Heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "massive"
},
{
"word": "massy"
},
{
"word": "weighty"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Top-heavy; too high."
],
"links": [
[
"Top-heavy",
"top-heavy"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overbalanced"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:",
"text": "Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dull; lazy; slow."
],
"links": [
[
"Dull",
"dull"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"slow",
"slow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "idle"
},
{
"word": "work-shy"
},
{
"word": "lazy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:",
"text": "But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:",
"text": "My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Reluctant; unwilling."
],
"links": [
[
"Reluctant",
"reluctant"
],
[
"unwilling",
"unwilling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disinclined"
},
{
"word": "loath"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:",
"text": "For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Niggardly."
],
"links": [
[
"Niggardly",
"niggardly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miserly"
},
{
"word": "penurious"
},
{
"word": "stingy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"word": "swere"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English class 4 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (plural swears)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta."
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"siesta",
"siesta"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nap"
},
{
"word": "undermeal"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"word": "swere"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "mind one's language"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English class 4 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English swǣr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swār",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swēraz",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "swier",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian swier (“heavy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwaar",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schwer",
"t": "heavy, hard, difficult"
},
"expansion": "German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svår",
"t": "heavy, hard, severe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sērius",
"t": "earnest, grave, solemn, serious"
},
"expansion": "Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "varrë",
"t": "wound, plague"
},
"expansion": "Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sweared",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sweared",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "drop the f-bomb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "outswear"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss up a blue streak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "pardon my French"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "potty mouth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swearing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear word"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours."
],
"links": [
[
"rest",
"rest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England, Scotland) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "laze about"
},
{
"word": "loaf"
},
{
"word": "take it easy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-swear.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sweer"
},
{
"word": "sweir"
},
{
"word": "swere"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "blaspheme"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a pagan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a trooper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "curse like a sailor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "cuss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"British",
"slang"
],
"word": "eff and jeff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "execrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "imprecate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a cutter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a pagan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a trooper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "swear like a sailor"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "turn the air blue"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swear",
"word": "vilify"
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swihaniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swihaniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Suiones"
},
"expansion": "Latin Suiones",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "suehans"
},
"expansion": "Gothic suehans",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swihaniz, plural of *swihô, of further unknown origin. Cognate with Latin Suiones, Gothic suehans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-an-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "swēar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēonom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "swear m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swē",
"form": "plur"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-noun-an-m"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "swēana",
"api": "swēa",
"asd": "swēan",
"asi": "swēa",
"dpd": "swēonom",
"dpi": "swēom",
"dsd": "swēanom",
"dsi": "swēa",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "swēanna",
"gpi": "swēa",
"gsd": "swēans",
"gsi": "swēa",
"notes": "",
"npd": "swēarnir",
"npi": "swēar",
"nsd": "swēen",
"nsi": "swēe",
"stem": "weak an-stem",
"title": "swēe"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-blank-plur"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēarnir",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēa",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēom",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēonom",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēa",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swēanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "gmq-osw-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Swedish an-stem nouns",
"Old Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Swedish lemmas",
"Old Swedish masculine nouns",
"Old Swedish nouns",
"Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gmq-osw:Demonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"the Swedes (of Sweden proper)"
],
"links": [
[
"Swede",
"Swede"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "swear"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swear meaning in All languages combined (61.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"swear"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"swear"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Swedish]; cleaned text: masculine",
"path": [
"swear"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Swedish]; cleaned text: masculine, style: background:#DCDCDC////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"swear"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for masculine",
"path": [
"swear"
],
"section": "Old Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag South-Azerbaijani not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Istriot translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maguindanao translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Maranao translations\", \"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"answer\"}, {\"word\": \"beswear\"}, {\"word\": \"could have sworn\"}, {\"word\": \"forswear\"}, {\"word\": \"I swear\"}, {\"word\": \"pinky swear\"}, {\"word\": \"reswear\"}, {\"word\": \"swear at\"}, {\"word\": \"swear blind\"}, {\"word\": \"swear by\"}, {\"word\": \"swear down\"}, {\"word\": \"swear in\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"word\": \"swear off\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack\"}, {\"word\": \"swear on a stack of Bibles\"}, {\"word\": \"swear out\"}, {\"word\": \"swear the peace\"}, {\"word\": \"swear to God\"}, {\"word\": \"swear upon\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"id\": \"swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sweren\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sweren\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swerian\", \"t\": \"to swear, take an oath of office\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swarjan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarjaną\", \"t\": \"to speak, swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swarre\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swarre (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"swera\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zweren\", \"t\": \"to swear, vow\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"swören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German swören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwören\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwören (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"sværge\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish sværge\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svära\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svära (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"sverja\", \"t\": \"to swear\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic sverja (“to swear”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ru\", \"2\": \"свара\", \"t\": \"quarrel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"var\", \"t\": \"to hang, consider, to depend from\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian свара (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.\\nThe original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sware\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sworn\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"swore\", \"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"swears\", \"2\": \"swearing\", \"3\": \"swore\", \"4\": \"sworn\", \"past2\": \"sware\", \"past2_qual\": \"archaic\", \"past_ptc2\": \"swore\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"nonstandard\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or (nonstandard) swore)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The knight swore not to return to the palace until he had found the treasure.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"oath\", \"oath\"], [\"promise\", \"promise\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"pledge\"}, {\"word\": \"vow\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The witness swore that the person she had seen running out of the bank was a foot shorter than the accused.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"depose\"}, {\"word\": \"affirm\"}, {\"word\": \"testify\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"I swear I don't know what you're talking about.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"My little brother is such a pest, I swear.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 01:\", \"text\": \"The Bat—they called him the Bat.[…]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Let the witness be sworn.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To administer an oath to (a person).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 38:\", \"text\": \"An Australian was once appointed on contract, but he swore too much.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"offensive\", \"offensive\"], [\"profane\", \"profane\"], [\"obscene\", \"obscene\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"word\": \"swear\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalafa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"حَلَفَ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḥalaf\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"حلف\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվել\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"erdvecʻnel\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"word\": \"երդվեցնել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giur\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"and içmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"kljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pakljáscisja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"пакля́сціся\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прысяга́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúcʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"прысягну́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kôsôm kôra\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"কসম করা\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"zaklévam se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"закле́вам се\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kǎlná se\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кълна́ се\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"kyin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ကျိန်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"發誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"fāshì\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"发誓\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"賭咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dǔzhòu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"赌咒\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přísahat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sværge\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zweren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"een eed afleggen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ĵuri\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"vannoa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ğurâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"dapiceba\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"დაფიცება\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"pici\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ფიცი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"schwören\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"orkízomai\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ορκίζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"ómnumi\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ὄμνυμι\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"nishbá\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"נשבע\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"esküszik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちかう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chikau\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"誓う\"}, {\"alt\": \"ちぎる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"chigiru\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"契る\"}, {\"code\": \"kea\", \"lang\": \"Kabuverdianu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑɑsɑccaa\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សច្ចា\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"saabaan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"សាបាន\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sbɑt\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ស្បថ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"maengsehada\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"맹세하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"swênd xwardin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوێند خواردن\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sa bān\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ສະບານ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"iūrō\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"swören\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"se kolne\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"се колне\"}, {\"code\": \"mdh\", \"lang\": \"Maguindanao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"āṇayiṭuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ആണയിടുക\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"satyaṁ ceyyuka\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"സത്യം ചെയ്യുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"naħlef\"}, {\"code\": \"mrw\", \"lang\": \"Maranao\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sapa'\"}, {\"code\": \"mfe\", \"lang\": \"Mauritian Creole\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zoure\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jur\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amlax\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"амлах\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"amalaqu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Mongolian\"], \"word\": \"ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ulapva\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sowgand xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"سوگند خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qasam xordan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"قسم خوردن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przysięgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przysiąc\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzekać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przyrzec\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć się\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"zaklinać się\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́сться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prisjagnútʹ\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurài\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"zurare\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клети се\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kleti se\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisahať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"prisegati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"priseči\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"-apa\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"svärja\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"qasam xurdan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"қасам хурдан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"savgand yod kardan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"савганд ёд кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"oṭṭu peṭṭu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ఒట్టు పెట్టు\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"pramāṇaṁ cēyu\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ప్రమాణం చేయు\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sǎa-baan\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"สาบาน\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"ant içmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"yemin etmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"кля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"клясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljástysja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"покля́стися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"pokljastýsja\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поклясти́ся\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjaháty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"присяга́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"prysjahnúty\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"присягну́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"qasamyod qilmoq\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"giurar\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"thề\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"djurer\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to take an oath\", \"word\": \"tyngu\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatama\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"شَتَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"سَبَّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sabb\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"سَبّ\"}, {\"code\": \"acw\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"šatam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Hijazi-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"شتم\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"hayhoyel\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"հայհոյել\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"söyüş söymək\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"South-Azerbaijani\"], \"word\": \"yaman demək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"lájacca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́яцца\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"macjukácca\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"мацюка́цца\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"psúvam\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"псу́вам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rugája\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́я\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒罵\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhòumà\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"咒骂\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"醜詆\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"chǒudǐ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"丑诋\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵人\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"màrén\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"骂人\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klít\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"vloeken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schelden\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sakri\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"parolaĉi\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fiparoli\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemi\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ropendama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svørja\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kiroilla\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurer\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"gronder\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xurar\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣q̇evla\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"წყევლა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ḳrulva\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"კრულვა\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"gineba\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"გინება\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"schimpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"fluchen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrízo\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"βρίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kilél\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"קִלֵּל\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kosnā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"कोसना\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"gālī denā\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"गाली देना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"káromkodik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"szitkozódik\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blóta\"}, {\"code\": \"ist\", \"lang\": \"Istriot\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bas'ciamà\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"insultare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bestemmiare\"}, {\"alt\": \"ののしる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nonoshiru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"罵る\"}, {\"alt\": \"あくたいをつく\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"akutai o tsuku\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"悪態をつく\"}, {\"alt\": \"どなる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"donaru\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"怒鳴る\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"yogeul hada\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"욕을 하다\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"cinêwdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"جْنێودان\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"keiktis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"pcue\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"пцуе\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"teṟipaṟayuka\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"തെറിപറയുക\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"kangakanga\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Jersey\"], \"word\": \"juther\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverge\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banna\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"banne\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverta\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverja\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sverje\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"bǫlva\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"fohš dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"فحش دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"došnâm dâdan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"دشنام دادن\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zakląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przeklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"przekląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"skląć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"wyklinać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"bluzgać\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"bluznąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"praguejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"xingar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"înjura\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blestema\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"rugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"výrugatʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"вы́ругаться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"branítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"брани́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"skvernoslóvitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"скверносло́вить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"materítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матери́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjukátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"low colloquial\", \"roman\": \"matjugátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюга́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"Latin\"], \"word\": \"psovati\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jastimiari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nciuriari\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nzurtari\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"kliať\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"klěś\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"blasfemar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"renegar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"jurar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"echar ternos\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"maldecir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"svära\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"dašnom dodan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"дашном додан\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"haqorat kardan\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"ҳақорат кардан\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sà-bòt\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"สบถ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"sövmek\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"küfretmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"lájatysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ла́ятися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"matjukátysja\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"матюка́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"văng tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"nói bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi tục\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi bậy\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi thề\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"chửi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"melltithio\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"to curse, to use offensive language\", \"word\": \"rhegi\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Gospel of Matthew\"], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swear box\"}, {\"word\": \"swear jar\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sware\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sware\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swaru\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swaru\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarō\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarō\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swarō.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (plural swears)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá:\", \"text\": \"You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page v. 27:\", \"text\": \"[A]ccording to his kind the man would smile cynically, or look sad, or let out a swear or two.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A swear word.\"], \"links\": [[\"swear word\", \"swear word\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"expletive\"}, {\"word\": \"four-letter word\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swear box\"}, {\"word\": \"swear jar\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"sware\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English sware\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swaru\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swaru\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swarō\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swarō\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swarō.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (plural swears)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá:\", \"text\": \"You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page v. 27:\", \"text\": \"[A]ccording to his kind the man would smile cynically, or look sad, or let out a swear or two.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A swear word.\"], \"links\": [[\"swear word\", \"swear word\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"word\": \"expletive\"}, {\"word\": \"four-letter word\"}, {\"word\": \"swear word\"}]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"swearness\"}, {\"word\": \"swearock\"}, {\"word\": \"sweary\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swearer\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more swear\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most swear\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Heavy.\"], \"links\": [[\"Heavy\", \"heavy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Heavy.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"massive\"}, {\"word\": \"massy\"}, {\"word\": \"weighty\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"links\": [[\"Top-heavy\", \"top-heavy\"], [\"high\", \"high\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Top-heavy; too high.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overbalanced\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1881, Walter Gregor, chapter XXII, in Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland, London: Folk-Lore Society, page 161:\", \"text\": \"Rise up gueedewife, an dinna be sweer, / B'soothan, b'soothan, / An deal yir chirity t' the peer, / An awa b'mony a toon.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"links\": [[\"Dull\", \"dull\"], [\"lazy\", \"lazy\"], [\"slow\", \"slow\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Dull; lazy; slow.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"idle\"}, {\"word\": \"work-shy\"}, {\"word\": \"lazy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1805, John Stagg, “A New Year's Epistle”, in Miscellaneous Poems, Workington: W. Borrowdale, page 139:\", \"text\": \"But faith, to glump ye I'd be sweer / I wish ye luck o' this new year\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1822, James Hogg, The Three Perils of Man:\", \"text\": \"My father will maybe be a wee sweer to take ye in, but ye maun make your way on him the best gate ye can; he has the best stockit pantry on Teviot head, but a bit of a Laidlaw's fault, complaining aye maist when he has least reason.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"links\": [[\"Reluctant\", \"reluctant\"], [\"unwilling\", \"unwilling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Reluctant; unwilling.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"disinclined\"}, {\"word\": \"loath\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1714, Robert Smith, Poems of Controversy Betwixt Episcopacy and Presbytery, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: R. Syme & Son, published 1853, page 61:\", \"text\": \"For if my Pen shall turn as Sweir's their Purse / I fear this is the last I'll write in Verse\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Niggardly.\"], \"links\": [[\"Niggardly\", \"niggardly\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) Niggardly.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"miserly\"}, {\"word\": \"penurious\"}, {\"word\": \"stingy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (plural swears)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"links\": [[\"time\", \"time\"], [\"rest\", \"rest\"], [\"siesta\", \"siesta\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"nap\"}, {\"word\": \"undermeal\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (plural swears)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"links\": [[\"time\", \"time\"], [\"rest\", \"rest\"], [\"siesta\", \"siesta\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"nap\"}, {\"word\": \"undermeal\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (plural swears)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"links\": [[\"time\", \"time\"], [\"rest\", \"rest\"], [\"siesta\", \"siesta\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"nap\"}, {\"word\": \"undermeal\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"links\": [[\"rest\", \"rest\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"laze about\"}, {\"word\": \"loaf\"}, {\"word\": \"take it easy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"links\": [[\"rest\", \"rest\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"laze about\"}, {\"word\": \"loaf\"}, {\"word\": \"take it easy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "swear/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"mind one's language\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English class 4 strong verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English reporting verbs\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"swere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English swere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"swǣr\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English swǣr\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*swār\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *swār\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*swēraz\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*swer-\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"swier\", \"t\": \"heavy\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian swier (“heavy”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zwaar\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"schwer\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, difficult\"}, \"expansion\": \"German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"svår\", \"t\": \"heavy, hard, severe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"sērius\", \"t\": \"earnest, grave, solemn, serious\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"varrë\", \"t\": \"wound, plague\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English swǣr, swār (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *swār, from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).\\nCognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin sērius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"swears\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"swearing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sweared\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"drop the f-bomb\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"outswear\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss up a blue streak\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"pardon my French\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"potty mouth\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swearing\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear word\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Northern England English\", \"Scottish English\"], \"glosses\": [\"To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"links\": [[\"rest\", \"rest\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Northern England, Scotland) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"laze about\"}, {\"word\": \"loaf\"}, {\"word\": \"take it easy\"}], \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\", \"Scotland\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/swɛə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/swɛɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-swear.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg/En-us-swear.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-swear.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"sweer\"}, {\"word\": \"sweir\"}, {\"word\": \"swere\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"blaspheme\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"curse like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"cuss\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and blind\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"British\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"eff and jeff\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"execrate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"imprecate\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a cutter\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a pagan\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a trooper\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"swear like a sailor\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"tags\": [\"idiomatic\"], \"word\": \"turn the air blue\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:swear\", \"word\": \"vilify\"}], \"word\": \"swear\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "swear",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.