See pug on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Chinese pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pudge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pugeranian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puggish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puggishness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "puggy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puglet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puglike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pug nose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pug-nosed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "pugship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pug-ugly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pugged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puggle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "pugge",
"t": "(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "demon",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 1.8",
"name": "senseno"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.\nSense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata",
"word": "angle-barred pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata f. fraxinata",
"word": "ash pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila debiliata",
"word": "bilberry pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia expallidata",
"word": "bleached pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia succenturiata",
"word": "bordered pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia abbreviata",
"word": "brindled pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia denotata",
"word": "campanula pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia ultimaria",
"word": "Channel Islands pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia abietaria",
"word": "cloaked pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia vulgata",
"word": "common pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia assimilata",
"word": "currant pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia phoeniceata",
"word": "cypress pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Gymnoscelis rufifasciata",
"word": "double-striped pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tantillaria",
"word": "dwarf pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila muscosata",
"word": "emerald pug moth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia massiliata",
"word": "Epping pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pulchellata",
"word": "foxglove pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia intricata",
"word": "Freyer's pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia virgaureata",
"word": "golden-rod pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia sinuosaria",
"word": "goosefoot pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia graefi",
"word": "Graef's pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia ravocostaliata",
"word": "great variegated pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "green pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila rectangulata",
"word": "satin pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia subfuscata",
"word": "grey pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pernotata",
"word": "Guenée's pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia haworthiata",
"word": "Haworth's pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pusillata",
"word": "juniper pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia lariciata",
"word": "larch pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia annulata",
"word": "larch pug moth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia plumbeolata",
"word": "lead-coloured pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia inturbata",
"word": "maple pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia irriguata",
"word": "marbled pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pygmaeata",
"word": "marsh pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia exiguata",
"word": "mottled pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia nanata",
"word": "narrow-winged pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia venosata",
"word": "netted pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia dodoneata",
"word": "oak-tree pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia indigata",
"word": "ochreous pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pauxillaria",
"word": "parsimonious pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia egenaria",
"word": "pauper pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia peckorum",
"word": "Peck's pug moth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pimpinellata",
"word": "pimpinel pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia insigniata",
"word": "pinion-spotted pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia simpliciata",
"word": "plain pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia satyrata",
"word": "satyr pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia extensaria",
"word": "scarce pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia subumbrata",
"word": "shaded pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tenuiata",
"word": "slender pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila chloerata",
"word": "sloe pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata f. tamarisciata",
"word": "tamarisk pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia icterata",
"word": "tawny speckled pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia distinctaria",
"word": "thyme pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia linariata",
"word": "toadflax pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia trisignaria",
"word": "triple-spotted pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia valerianata",
"word": "valerian pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Chloroclystis v-ata",
"word": "v-pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Chloroclystis pallidiplaga",
"word": "white-shouldered pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tripunctaria",
"word": "white-spotted pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia absinthiata",
"word": "wormwood pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia millefoliata",
"word": "yarrow pug"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 5 1 1 3 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 9 8 13 13 13 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740 (first performance), David Garrick, Lethe. A Dramatic Satire. […], Dublin: […] S. Powell, [f]or G. and A. Ewing, G. Faulkner, J. Hoey, J. Exshaw, J. Exdall, and R. James, […], published 1749, →OCLC, page 21:",
"text": "She […] tells Fibs, makes Miſchief, buys China, cheats at Cards, keeps a Pug-dog, and hates the Parſons; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Virginia Woolf, chapter II, in The Voyage Out, London: Duckworth & Co., […], →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "Meanwhile she arranged her ornaments in the room which she had won too easily. They were strange ornaments to bring on a sea-voyage—china pugs, tea-sets in miniature, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-en:dog",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"pug dog",
"pugdog"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient#Adjective"
],
[
"breed",
"breed#Noun"
],
[
"originating",
"originate"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"snub nose",
"snub nose"
],
[
"wrinkled",
"wrinkled#Adjective"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
],
[
"squarish",
"squarish"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"short",
"short#Adjective"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth#Adjective"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#Noun"
],
[
"curled",
"curled#Adjective"
],
[
"tail",
"tail#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:dog"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carlin"
},
{
"word": "Chinese pug"
},
{
"word": "Dutch bulldog"
},
{
"word": "Dutch mastiff"
},
{
"word": "mini mastiff"
},
{
"word": "mops"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopshond"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bāk",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَاك"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bāgēquǎn",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "巴哥犬"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "哈巴狗"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "哈巴犬"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mopsl"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopshond"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlin"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mopshund"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopsz"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopszli"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smutmhadra"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlino"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pagu",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "パグ"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peogeu",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "퍼그"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâg",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "پاگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pug"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doguillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlino"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bpák",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "ปั๊ก"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
}
]
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug moth, often with a descriptive word: any geometrid moth of the tribe Eupitheciini, especially the genus Eupithecia; a geometer moth."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-en:moth",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"descriptive",
"descriptive#Adjective"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
],
[
"geometrid",
"geometrid#Adjective"
],
[
"moth",
"moth#Noun"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe#Noun"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Eupithecia",
"Eupithecia#Translingual"
],
[
"geometer moth",
"geometer moth"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:moth"
]
},
{
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{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "en:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug hood: a hood, sometimes with a short cloak attached, worn by women around the middle of the 18th century."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-W6sQLOml",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"hood",
"hood#Noun"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak#Noun"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"middle",
"middle#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(clothing, historical) In full pug hood: a hood, sometimes with a short cloak attached, worn by women around the middle of the 18th century."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 44 2 6 6 6 6 4 2 2 3 8 2 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hood worn by women",
"word": "huppuhuivi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug engine: a small locomotive chiefly used for shunting (“moving trains from one track to another, or carriages from one train to another”)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-en:locomotive",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"locomotive",
"locomotive#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"shunting",
"shunting#English"
],
[
"moving",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"trains",
"train#Noun"
],
[
"track",
"track#Noun"
],
[
"carriage",
"carriage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(rail transport) In full pug engine: a small locomotive chiefly used for shunting (“moving trains from one track to another, or carriages from one train to another”)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:locomotive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 5 1 1 3 4 4 3",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "4 4 4 4 11 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 4 3 6 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 0 5 0 0",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 2 9 9 9 9 9 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 13 13 13 13 5 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 14 14 14 14 4 2 1 3 1 1 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 10 10 10 10 3 2 0 3 1 1 3 3 4 5 0 1 3 3 2 2",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 6 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
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"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 6 3 2 5 2 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 3 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 6 6 12 12 12 12 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 5",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 3 6 3 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 3 10 10 10 10 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 2 4 3 5 4 0 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
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"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 3 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 10 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "en:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Foxes",
"orig": "en:Foxes",
"parents": [
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"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometrid moths",
"orig": "en:Geometrid moths",
"parents": [
"Moths",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 13 13 13 13 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 5 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Primates",
"orig": "en:Primates",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sheep",
"orig": "en:Sheep",
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"Caprines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 1 5 3 5 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 1 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Toy dogs",
"orig": "en:Toy dogs",
"parents": [
"Dogs",
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Thomas Batchelor, “Live Stock”, in General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. […], London: […] [B. MᶜMillan] for Richard Phillips, […], →OCLC, section 2 (Sheep), page 541:",
"text": "It is to be observed in this experiment, […] that the loss of weight by feeding (tegs or pugs) on turnips, is remarkable: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)"
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-Lt9oZzP1",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"teg",
"teg#English"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep#Noun"
],
[
"ewe",
"ewe"
],
[
"second",
"second#Adjective"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"weaned",
"wean#Verb"
],
[
"first",
"first#Adverb"
],
[
"shorn",
"shear#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically) Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "teg"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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},
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"_dis": "3 1 1 2 9 9 9 9 9 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1 2",
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"name": "Regional English",
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"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
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},
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"_dis": "7 7 6 5 14 14 14 14 4 3 1 4 1 2 4 4",
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{
"_dis": "8 8 6 6 13 13 13 13 2 2 1 3 2 2 5 5",
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"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 13 13 13 13 5 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 14 14 14 14 4 2 1 3 1 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 10 10 10 10 3 2 0 3 1 1 3 3 4 5 0 1 3 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 9 8 13 13 13 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 6 11 11 11 11 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "7 9 7 6 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
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"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
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{
"_dis": "8 7 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 2 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 6 3 2 5 2 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 3 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 6 6 12 12 12 12 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 3 6 3 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 3 10 10 10 10 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 2 4 3 5 4 0 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 3 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 10 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "en:Female animals",
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"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Foxes",
"orig": "en:Foxes",
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"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometrid moths",
"orig": "en:Geometrid moths",
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"Moths",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 13 13 13 13 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 5 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Primates",
"orig": "en:Primates",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sheep",
"orig": "en:Sheep",
"parents": [
"Caprines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 1 5 3 5 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 1 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Toy dogs",
"orig": "en:Toy dogs",
"parents": [
"Dogs",
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"ref": "1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 454:",
"text": "[…] I heard her call him dear pug, and found him to be her favourite monkey.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, Alexander Pope, The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace, […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] L[awton] G[illiver] and sold by A. Dodd […], E[lizabeth] Nutt […], →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "Its proper Povver to hurt, each Creature feels, / Bulls aim their Horns, and Aſſes lift their Heels, / 'Tis a Bear's Talent not to kick, but hug, / And no Man vvonders he's not ſtung by Pug: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1753 (indicated as 1754), [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLIII. Lady G. to Lady Grandison.”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by C. Hitch and L. Hawes, […], →OCLC, page 211:",
"text": "Take avvay the pug, ſaid I, to the attendants—Take it avvay vvhile any of it is left—They reſcued the ſtill ſmiling babe, and run avvay vvith it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Tristia; or, The Sorrows of Peter: […]. Elegy.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume V, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 297:",
"text": "Or, is the Monkey sick, he takes his bed; / Old Slop is sent for, to prescribe for Pug.— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child."
],
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"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"ape",
"ape#Noun"
],
[
"monkey",
"monkey"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"child",
"child#Noun"
]
],
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"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically, obsolete) An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 5 1 1 3 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 4 3 6 2 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 11 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 4 3 6 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 0 5 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 2 9 9 9 9 9 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 14 14 14 14 4 3 1 4 1 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 6 13 13 13 13 2 2 1 3 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 13 13 13 13 5 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 14 14 14 14 4 2 1 3 1 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 10 10 10 10 3 2 0 3 1 1 3 3 4 5 0 1 3 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 9 8 13 13 13 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 6 11 11 11 11 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 6 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 2 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 6 3 2 5 2 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 3 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 6 6 12 12 12 12 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 3 6 3 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 3 10 10 10 10 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 2 4 3 5 4 0 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 3 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 10 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "en:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Foxes",
"orig": "en:Foxes",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometrid moths",
"orig": "en:Geometrid moths",
"parents": [
"Moths",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 13 13 13 13 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 5 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Primates",
"orig": "en:Primates",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sheep",
"orig": "en:Sheep",
"parents": [
"Caprines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 1 5 3 5 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 1 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Toy dogs",
"orig": "en:Toy dogs",
"parents": [
"Dogs",
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, [Maria] Edgeworth, “The Absentee. Chapter VIII.”, in Tales of Fashionable Life (2nd series), volume VI, London: […] [Heney] for J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 93–94:",
"text": "[T]here is a dead silence, till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in: then cheer the hounds with tally ho! till your lungs crack. Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, [Charles Kingsley], “The Philosophy of Fox-hunting”, in Yeast: A Problem. […], London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1851, →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "That spell was broken by the sight of poor wearied pug, his once gracefully-floating brush all draggled and drooping, as he toiled up the sheep-paths toward the open down above.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"A fox."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-c3cOxh9d",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"fox",
"fox#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically, obsolete) A fox."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 5 1 1 3 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 4 3 6 2 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 11 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 4 3 6 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 0 5 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 2 9 9 9 9 9 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 14 14 14 14 4 3 1 4 1 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 6 13 13 13 13 2 2 1 3 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 5 13 13 13 13 5 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 14 14 14 14 4 2 1 3 1 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 10 10 10 10 3 2 0 3 1 1 3 3 4 5 0 1 3 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 9 8 13 13 13 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 6 6 11 11 11 11 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 6 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 2 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 13 13 13 13 6 3 2 5 2 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 3 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 6 6 12 12 12 12 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 6 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 5 5 12 12 12 12 7 2 1 4 1 4 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 5 5 13 13 13 13 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 3 6 3 1 2 0 1 3 2 2 2 0 1 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 3 10 10 10 10 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 2 4 3 5 4 0 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 3 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 10 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "en:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Foxes",
"orig": "en:Foxes",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 0 1 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometrid moths",
"orig": "en:Geometrid moths",
"parents": [
"Moths",
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 3 13 13 13 13 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 5 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Primates",
"orig": "en:Primates",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 3 12 12 12 12 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 5 2 0 2 0 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sheep",
"orig": "en:Sheep",
"parents": [
"Caprines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 3 11 11 11 11 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 2 1 1 5 3 5 1 0 2 0 1 3 2 2 1 1 0 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Toy dogs",
"orig": "en:Toy dogs",
"parents": [
"Dogs",
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1685 July (first performance), N[ahum] Tate, Cuckolds-Haven: Or, An Alderman No Conjurer. A Farce. […], London: […] J. H. and are to be sold by Edward Poole, […], published 1685, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:",
"text": "Dear, delicate Madam, I am your little Paraquit, your Sparrovv, your Shock, your Pugg, your Squirrel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Shrew Mouse, or Rana, and Squirrels”, in Birds, Beasts and Fishes of the Norfolk Broadland, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 363:",
"text": "Squirrels / Are not uncommon in the plantings on the broad edges, where they may be seen feeding on the deal-apples, as the Broadsmen call the fir-cones; nuts and acorns too they are fond of. […] Stoats sometimes chase them, but \"pug\" generally manages to escape, an[d] he can get to a tree first—he is a much more daring jumper.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-dVlpu6FE",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 2 9 9 9 9 9 6 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A person or thing that is squat (“broad and short”)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-bIV~GtWv",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"squat",
"squat#English"
],
[
"broad",
"broad#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, rare) A person or thing that is squat (“broad and short”)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"rare",
"regional"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 57 1 1 3 1 15 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or thing that is squat",
"word": "pätkä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A bun or knot of hair; also, a piece of cloth or snood for holding this in place."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-v9oxgQAT",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"bun",
"bun#Noun"
],
[
"knot",
"knot#Noun"
],
[
"piece",
"piece#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"snood",
"snood#Noun"
],
[
"holding",
"hold#Verb"
],
[
"in place",
"in place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(US, regional) A bun or knot of hair; also, a piece of cloth or snood for holding this in place."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1616 October or November (first performance), Ben Jonson, “The Persons of the Play”, in The Diuell is an Asse: A Comedie […], London: […] I. B. for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "Satan. The great diuell. / Pvg. The leſſe diuell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1635, Tho[mas] Heywood, “The Ninth Tractat: The Angell”, in The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angells. […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 574:",
"text": "In Iohn Mileſius any man may reade / Of Diuels in Sarmatia honored, / Call'd Kottri, or Kibaldi; ſuch as vvee / Pugs and Hob-goblins call.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “Canto I”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Simon Miller, […], →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "This is your Buſineſs Good Pug Robin, / And your Diverſion, dull Dry Bobbing: / T' intice Fanaticks in the Dirt, / And vvaſh 'em clean in Ditches for't.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A small demon; an imp, a puck, a sprite."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-en:demon",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"imp",
"imp#Noun"
],
[
"puck",
"puck#Noun"
],
[
"sprite",
"sprite#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(obsolete) A small demon; an imp, a puck, a sprite."
],
"senseid": [
"en:demon"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goblin"
},
{
"word": "hobgoblin"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 15 4 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, E[rnest] S[ackville] Turner, “The Female Branch”, in What the Butler Saw: Two Hundred and Fifty Years of the Servant Problem, London: Michael Joseph, →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "Procedure would vary a little from household to household. Thus, the roast might be ceremonially borne out ahead of the departing ‘Pugs,’ or it might be left behind so that the lower servants could have second helpings.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"Chiefly used by servants: A senior or upper servant in a household."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-mRKqxhva",
"links": [
[
"servants",
"servant#Noun"
],
[
"senior",
"senior#Adjective"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"household",
"household#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(UK, historical) Chiefly used by servants: A senior or upper servant in a household."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 4 1 44 1 4 2 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "senior or upper servant in a household",
"word": "ylipalvelija"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 October 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Robert Cecil, “[Letter] X”, in John MacLean, editor, Letters from Sir Robert Cecil to Sir George Carew (Camden Series; 88), [London]: […] [John Bowyer Nichols and Sons] for the Camden Society, published 1864, →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "[R]emember the Lo[rd] Admyrall [Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham] and the Lord Threasurer [Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset] with a couple of Pugges or some vscough baugh [i.e., usquebaugh or whiskey] or some such toyes, it would shew that you do not neglect them, whoe, I protest, are to you wonderfull kynde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1604 (first performance), Tho[mas] Dekker, Iohn Webster [i.e., John Webster], West-ward Hoe. […], London: […] [William Jaggard], and to be sold by Iohn Hodgets […], published 1607, →OCLC, Act II, signature D, recto:",
"text": "So euery lip has his Lettice to himſelfe: […] the VVeſterne-man his Pug, the Seruing-man his Punke, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart] and [Peter Anthony Motteux], “How Gargantua was Carried Eleven Moneths in His Mothers Belly”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, book the first, page 17:",
"text": "In the vigor of his age he married Gargamelle, daughter to the King of the Parpaillons, a jolly pug, and well mouthed wench.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: […] Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act III, scene [i], page 25:",
"text": "[C]ome, let's to bed—you Fubbs, you Pugg you—you little Puſs—Purree Tuzzey—I am a Senator.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A mistress, or a female prostitute; also (generally, derogatory) a woman."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-1wWGnAXw",
"links": [
[
"mistress",
"mistress#Noun"
],
[
"female",
"female#Adjective"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute#Noun"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"A mistress, or a female prostitute; also (generally, derogatory) a woman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prostitute"
},
{
"word": "woman"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 or 1601 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv, signatures F3, verso – F3, recto:",
"text": "I haue had foure huſbands my ſelfe. The firſt I called, Svveete Duck, the ſecond, Deare Heart; the third, Prettie Pugge: But the fourth, moſt ſvveete, deare, prettie, all in all: he vvas the verie cockeall of a huſband.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature [C4], recto:",
"text": "She ſings. / VVell met, pug, the pearle of beauty: vmh, vmh. / Hovv novv ſir knave, you forget your dutie, vmh, vmh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, Randle Cotgrave, compiler, “Marmouselle”, in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, signature [Eee vi], verso, column 1:",
"text": "Marmouſelle: f. A little puppie, or pug to play vvith.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A term of endearment for a person, or sometimes an animal or a toy such as a doll."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-00G7SJkI",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"term of endearment",
"term of endearment#English"
],
[
"toy",
"toy#Noun"
],
[
"doll",
"doll#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(endearing) A term of endearment for a person, or sometimes an animal or a toy such as a doll."
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, signature G, verso:",
"text": "Dares […] [W]ilt thou neuer trauell? / Epi[ton]. Yes in a VVeſterne barge, vvhen vvith a good vvinde and luſtie pugges, one may goe ten miles in tvvo daies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, [Thomas Dekker], The Wonderfull Yeare. […], London: […] by [J. Browne, Nicholas Ling, and John Smethwick for?] Thomas Creede, […], →OCLC, signature F3, verso:",
"text": "[E]uen the Weſterne Pugs receiuing mony here, haue tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and ſo trailed it through the Thames, leaſt pleague ſores ſticking vpon ſhillings, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1607–1610 (date written), Thomas Middleton; Thomas Dekker, The Roaring Girle. Or Moll Cut-purse. […], London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Thomas Archer, […], published 1611, →OCLC, [Act IV], signature I3, recto:",
"text": "Puſh^([sic – meaning pish]); your VVeſterne pug [misprinted as png].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A bargeman."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-fCCE3PQV",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bargeman",
"bargeman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(nautical) A bargeman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bargee"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 4 11 11 11 11 6 2 1 4 1 4 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 3 0 3 5 3 3 0 1 0 3 12 3 5 28 2 0 3 2 0 2 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "en:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 3 2 8 8 8 8 1 1 0 2 2 2 4 13 2 1 5 3 4 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 4 2 7 7 7 7 1 2 0 2 1 2 3 10 1 2 4 4 4 3 1 2 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Prostitution",
"orig": "en:Prostitution",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 2 8 8 8 8 2 1 0 4 2 2 4 11 2 1 5 3 4 2 1 3 0 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Servants",
"orig": "en:Servants",
"parents": [
"Occupations",
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 3 10 10 10 10 1 0 0 0 6 1 2 10 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "en:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1681 (date written), Samuel Butler, “Satyr”, in R[obert] Thyer, editor, The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler, […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1759, →OCLC, page 77, lines 143–146:",
"text": "[Ulysses] ty'd his deafen'd Sailors (vvhile he paſs'd / The dreadful Lady's Lodgings) to the Maſt, / And rather venture drovvning, than to vvrong / The Sea-pugs chaſte Ears vvith a bavvdy Song: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-tnHnobfV",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin boy",
"cabin boy"
],
[
"shipboy",
"shipboy"
],
[
"ship's boy",
"ship's boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(nautical) A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 2 2 21 21 21 21 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon",
"word": "pentu"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pickup group"
},
"expansion": "Acronym of pickup group",
"name": "acronym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Acronym of pickup group.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid",
"word": "PuG"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative letter-case form of PuG (“a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid”)"
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-GMRL87pk",
"links": [
[
"online",
"online"
],
[
"gaming",
"gaming#Noun"
],
[
"PuG",
"PuG#English"
],
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"players",
"player#Noun"
],
[
"unknown",
"unknown#Adjective"
],
[
"grouped",
"group#Verb"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"short-term",
"short-term"
],
[
"goal",
"goal#Noun"
],
[
"completing",
"complete#Verb"
],
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon#Noun"
],
[
"raid",
"raid#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(online gaming) Alternative letter-case form of PuG (“a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid”)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"games",
"gaming"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"4": "*gʷem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "पग",
"t": "step; (less common) foot; leg"
},
"expansion": "Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "पगु"
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi पगु (pagu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "पद्ग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पद्ग (padga)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"t": "to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stem"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compound"
},
"expansion": "compound",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-",
"t": "to step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”), from Old Hindi पगु (pagu), from Sanskrit पद्ग (padga), from पद् (pad, “step; foot”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)) + ग (ga, stem at the ends of compounds denoting going or moving) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British India English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugmark"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851 July, Captain Hardbargain [pseudonym], “A Jungle Recollection”, in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, volume XLIV, number CCLIX, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, page 19, column 2:",
"text": "[T]here were the broad, deep puggs of a tiger, up and down the nullah, in the dry sand, near the water's edge, of all ages, from the week, perhaps, up to the unmistakeable fresh puggs of last night.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1889, R[obert] S[tephenson] S[myth] Baden-Powell, “Rearing Pig”, in Pigsticking or Hoghunting. […], London: Harrison & Sons, […], →OCLC, § 27, page 55:",
"text": "The goat has a square pug with blunt points to his toes, which are always held apart. The sheep's pug is more like that of the boar, being longer than the goat's. […] The boar's pug is distinguished from that of the sow by being much wider in the heel, and having the toes more open, and the rudimentary toes marking the ground more widely apart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Nadine Gordimer, “Spoils”, in Jump and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, →ISBN, page 174:",
"text": "[D]istinct pugs are found in the dust that surrounds the small swimming-pool which, like amniotic fluid, steeps the guests at their own body temperature. The host is not surprised; it has happened before: the lionesses must have come down to quench their thirst their feasting had given them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The footprint or pawprint of an animal; a pugmark."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-jreWAGS~",
"links": [
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
],
[
"pawprint",
"pawprint"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"pugmark",
"pugmark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally British India) The footprint or pawprint of an animal; a pugmark."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"4": "*gʷem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "पग",
"t": "step; (less common) foot; leg"
},
"expansion": "Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "पगु"
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi पगु (pagu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "पद्ग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पद्ग (padga)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"t": "to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stem"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compound"
},
"expansion": "compound",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-",
"t": "to step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”), from Old Hindi पगु (pagu), from Sanskrit पद्ग (padga), from पद् (pad, “step; foot”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)) + ग (ga, stem at the ends of compounds denoting going or moving) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (third-person singular simple present pugs, present participle pugging, simple past and past participle pugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British India English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, R[obert] S[tephenson] S[myth] Baden-Powell, “Rearing Pig”, in Pigsticking or Hoghunting. […], London: Harrison & Sons, […], →OCLC, § 27, page 57:",
"text": "Wishing to track a good boar that had got away through some thick cover, we called up the headman of the beat (a man lent to us by a friend) and asked him if he could pug. He was a havildar (sergeant) of police. He replied, 'That is my regular business, sahib; of course I can pug. My work is pugging criminals.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To track (an animal) by following pawprints; also (by extension) to track (a person) by following footprints."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-PE5APH~R",
"links": [
[
"track",
"track#Verb"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"following",
"follow#Verb"
],
[
"pawprint",
"pawprint"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British India, obsolete, rare) To track (an animal) by following pawprints; also (by extension) to track (a person) by following footprints."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"India",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pugilist"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of pugilist",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "5"
},
"expansion": "⁵",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of pugilist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer",
"word": "pugilist"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924 July, John Buchan, “Sir Archibald Roylance Puts His Foot in It”, in The Three Hostages, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 212:",
"text": "Anyhow I found myself facin' the pug, seein' bright red, and inclined to fight a dozen. I didn't last for more than one round—my game leg cramped me, I suppose. I got one or two on his ugly face, and then I suppose I took a knock-out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Ken Blady, “‘Slapsie’ Maxie Rosenbloom: ‘The Harlem Harlequin’: Light Heavyweight Champion of the World (1930–1935)”, in The Jewish Boxers Hall of Fame, New York, N.Y.: Shapolsky Publishers, →ISBN, page 226:",
"text": "He [Maxie Rosenbloom] never trained for his characters either: with his slurred speech and disfigured mug he usually portrayed a punch-drunk ex-pug or comic tough guy, roles in which he was a natural.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of pugilist (“one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer”)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-aKNCMiwJ",
"links": [
[
"pugilist",
"pugilist#English"
],
[
"fights",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"fists",
"fist#Noun"
],
[
"professional",
"professional#Adjective"
],
[
"prize fighter",
"prize fighter"
],
[
"boxer",
"boxer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Clipping of pugilist (“one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
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],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pugged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "puggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pugging"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
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{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "puggen",
"t": "to hit hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pucken",
"t": "to beat, thump"
},
"expansion": "German pucken (“to beat, thump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
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"expansion": "imitative",
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"args": {
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly:\n* related to southern Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”), German pucken (“to beat, thump”), possibly ultimately imitative; or\n* related to poke (verb).\nIt is also uncertain whether the various senses are derived from the same source.\nThe origin of the noun is also uncertain; it is probably related to the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (third-person singular simple present pugs, present participle pugging, simple past and past participle pugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “The Middlesex Election; or, Poetical Epistles, in the Devonshire Dialect, by Mr. Joseph Budge, in London, to Lord Rolle, at Weymouth”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 442:",
"text": "Agosh! I long to try a bout / With zom o' Burdett's rabble rout; / I'd quickly pug their guts: / I'd gee mun zich a lammin [i.e., violent] lick, / I'd make mun of elections zick; / I'd gee mun all the butts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit or punch (someone or something); also, to poke (someone or something)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-y~oh7XZ8",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit#Verb"
],
[
"punch",
"punch#Verb"
],
[
"poke",
"poke#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(rare) To hit or punch (someone or something); also, to poke (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
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"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 15 2 16 29 5 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 24 1 21 27 6 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Lord Auckland’s Triumph; or, The Death of Crim. Con. A Pair of Prophetic Odes. Elegy to a Friend.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 312:",
"text": "Forbid it Venus! From the venal Fair / Snatch every charm, to Hay convert her Locks; / Pug up her nose, and pug-like make her stare; / And pit her pimpled visage with small-pox.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fill or stop up (a space) with pug (noun sense 1), clay, sawdust, or other material by tamping; (specifically) to fill in (the space between joists of a floor, a partition, etc.) with some material to deaden sound, make fireproof, etc."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-hxow4zsK",
"links": [
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"fill",
"fill#Verb"
],
[
"stop up",
"stop up"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"clay",
"clay#Noun"
],
[
"sawdust",
"sawdust#Noun"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
],
[
"tamping",
"tamp#Verb"
],
[
"joists",
"joist#Noun"
],
[
"floor",
"floor#Noun"
],
[
"partition",
"partition#Noun"
],
[
"deaden",
"deaden"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"fireproof",
"fireproof#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(construction) To fill or stop up (a space) with pug (noun sense 1), clay, sawdust, or other material by tamping; (specifically) to fill in (the space between joists of a floor, a partition, etc.) with some material to deaden sound, make fireproof, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
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"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
"_dis": "27 15 2 16 29 5 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 24 1 21 27 6 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
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"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to pug clay ready for shaping",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-77FrAX2Z",
"links": [
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"mix",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#Adjective"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#Adjective"
],
[
"free",
"free#Adjective"
],
[
"air pocket",
"air pocket"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"bricks",
"brick#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "pottery",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(construction, pottery) To mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 73 11 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets",
"word": "vaivata"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of cattle, etc.: to trample (the ground, a place, etc.) until it becomes muddy and soft; to poach."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-VDli-4VP",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"trample",
"trample#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"muddy",
"muddy"
],
[
"poach",
"poach#Verb 2"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(chiefly Australia, New Zealand, archaic) Of cattle, etc.: to trample (the ground, a place, etc.) until it becomes muddy and soft; to poach."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pack or tamp (something) into a small space."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-JJjOOrvR",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"pack",
"pack#Verb"
],
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(England, regional, also figurative, archaic) To pack or tamp (something) into a small space."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"regional",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pack or tamp into a small space."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-RD59xGtr",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, England, regional, also figurative, archaic) To pack or tamp into a small space."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pug and pine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "puggy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugmill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pug mill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pug soil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"nocap": "1"
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},
{
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"name": "sup"
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{
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"2": "puggen",
"t": "to hit hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pucken",
"t": "to beat, thump"
},
"expansion": "German pucken (“to beat, thump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
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"expansion": "noun",
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"args": {
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
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],
"etymology_text": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly:\n* related to southern Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”), German pucken (“to beat, thump”), possibly ultimately imitative; or\n* related to poke (verb).\nIt is also uncertain whether the various senses are derived from the same source.\nThe origin of the noun is also uncertain; it is probably related to the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "construction"
},
{
"form": "pottery"
}
],
"head_templates": [
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 15 2 16 29 5 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 24 1 21 27 6 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
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"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Mr. Dean, witness, “Children’s Employment Commission (1862). Fifth Report of the Commissioners, […]. [Appendix to Fifth Report. Reports and Evidence of Assistant Commissioners. Evidence on Brickfields.—By Mr. H. W. Lord.]”, in Reports from Commissioners: […] (No. 3678), volume XXIV, London: […] George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […] for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →OCLC, paragraph 40, page 143, column 1:",
"text": "A brickfield certainly is not the place for girls and young women to work in; […] the work they have too, at least those who are pug-bearers, often causes indecency; they have to stoop down to the ground to pick the pug up from the bottom of the mill; at all events, they ought to have their clothes tied around them, indeed, the respectable young women usually have. I do not think there is any ill-treatment of the children as there used to be; they often get a bit of pug thrown at them, but they are not hit about with the hand or the \"slice.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Mrs. Edward Millett, chapter III, in An Australian Parsonage; or, The Settler and the Savage in Western Australia, London: Edward Stanford, […], →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "The walls of the house were built of \"pug,\" which means simply well-pounded mud, and has the disadvantage of refusing to adhere firmly to the frames of doors and casements, so that the banging of either, in windy weather, is apt to bring large pieces of the material crumbling down, and the house never looks tidy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clay, soil, or other material which has been mixed and worked until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and thus suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc.; also, any other material with a similar consistency or function, especially (Australia) auriferous (“gold-bearing”) clay."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-en:material",
"links": [
[
"Clay",
"clay#Noun"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
],
[
"mixed",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"worked",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#Adjective"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#Adjective"
],
[
"free",
"free#Adjective"
],
[
"air pocket",
"air pocket"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"bricks",
"brick#Noun"
],
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"consistency",
"consistency"
],
[
"function",
"function#Noun"
],
[
"auriferous",
"auriferous#English"
],
[
"gold-bearing",
"gold-bearing"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:material"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clay, soil, or other material which has been mixed and worked until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and thus suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc.; any other material with a similar consistency or function",
"word": "vaivattu savi"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kind of mill for grinding, mixing, and working clay",
"word": "pug mill"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 2 16 29 5 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 24 1 21 27 6 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for pug mill (“kind of mill for grinding, mixing, and working clay”)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-lbeqgqP6",
"links": [
[
"pug mill",
"pug mill#English"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"mill",
"mill#Noun"
],
[
"grinding",
"grind#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "soil"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; sense 1.2 (“to spoil (something) by touching too much”) is possibly influenced by pug (verb, noun) (see etymology 5) or puggy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (third-person singular simple present pugs, present participle pugging, simple past and past participle pugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717 April 10 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Edward Turner, quoting [the anonymous diarist], “The Marchant Diary”, in Sussex Archaeological Collections, […], volume XIII (2nd Series; volume XXV overall), Lewes, Sussex: George P. Bacon for the Sussex Archaeological Society, published 1873, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 180:",
"text": "George pugg'd clover in the forenoon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Nothing was prospering there and thriving, / But tirling [stripping] roofs and rafter-riving [rending], / And pulling down and pugging; […]",
"ref": "[1827, M. W. T. [i.e., William Tennant], “Sang Saxt [Song Sixth]”, in Papistry Storm’d; or, The Dingin’ Down o’ the Cathedral. […] (in Scots), Edinburgh: […] Oliver and Boyd, […], →OCLC, page 211:",
"text": "Nae thing was prosperin’ there and thrivin’, / But tirlin’ roofs and rafter-rivin’, / And pullin’ down and puggin’; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1875, A. Porson, “Dialogues in which Some of These Expressions Occur”, in Notes of Quaint Words and Sayings in the Dialect of South Worcestershire, Oxford, Oxfordshire; London: James Parker and Co. […], →OCLC, paragraph 56, page 29:",
"text": "Now, surry [sir], where be you coming scoating [sliding] to with that 'orse? Pug your right rein a bit, and give we some room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pull or tug (something)."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-lY-Q6I2i",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
],
[
"tug",
"tug#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To pull or tug (something)."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885, E. Cruwys Sharland, chapter IV, in Ways and Means in a Devonshire Village. A Book for Mothers’ Meetings. […], London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "[\"B]e sure not to wet it up too much; make it into twelve doughboys\" (dumplings). / \"I'm so heavy-handed,\" Jane remarked at this point, \"I always spoil that sort of cookery.\" / \"Tell about heavy-handed!\" cried Betsy; \"I'll answer for it, I'll soon put you in the way of being light-handed! You only want to learn to handle things without pugging and pawing them about too much.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spoil (something) by touching too much."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-en:soil",
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil#Verb"
],
[
"touching",
"touch#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To spoil (something) by touching too much."
],
"senseid": [
"en:soil"
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 9 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by at: to pull or tug."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-verb-ohO4IRmY",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at#Preposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Followed by at: to pull or tug."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pugge",
"t": "husk of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pugge (“husk of grain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English pugge (“husk of grain”); further etymology unknown, possibly related to pug (verb) (see etymology 5). However, the latter is only attested much later.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "pug (countable and uncountable, plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The residue left after pressing apples for cider; pomace."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-Ce~Dj5FR",
"links": [
[
"Southwest",
"southwest#Adjective"
],
[
"residue",
"residue"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"pressing",
"press#Verb"
],
[
"apples",
"apple#Noun"
],
[
"cider",
"cider"
],
[
"pomace",
"pomace"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southwest England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southwest England, archaic) The residue left after pressing apples for cider; pomace."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"countable",
"regional",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XIX.] Garden Plants, Their Natures, Kinds, and Severall Histories.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 17:",
"text": "Radiſh ſeed vvould vvillingly be ſovvne in a looſe or light ground, and natherleſſe moiſt enough: it cannot abide danke mucke, but contenteth it ſelfe vvith rotten chaffe or pugs, and ſuch like plaine mullock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[a. 1640 (date written), John Smyth, “[Phrases and Proverbs of Speach Proper to This Hundred]”, in John MacLean, editor, The Berkeley Manuscripts: A Description of the Hundred of Berkeley in the County of Gloucester and of Its Inhabitants, volume III, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: […] John Bellows for the subscribers, published 1885, →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "The pugg, i.e. the refuſe corne left at winnowinge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often in the plural: the husks and other refuse removed from grain by winnowing; chaff."
],
"id": "en-pug-en-noun-6-Uvu0z4",
"links": [
[
"husks",
"husk#Noun"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse#Noun"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#Verb"
],
[
"grain",
"grain#Noun"
],
[
"winnowing",
"winnow#Verb"
],
[
"chaff",
"chaff#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Often in the plural: the husks and other refuse removed from grain by winnowing; chaff."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "puges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o pug!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o pugs!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "pugs",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pug (nominative plural pugs)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (nominative plural pugs)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "benohipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "benojipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "benopugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "benopugön"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jevodihipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jevodijipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jevodipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jipugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mipug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mipugam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mipugön"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugadel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugamaskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugamastan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugahimastan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugajimastan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "puganacüd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "puganeif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pug ritulik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugasakrifot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugastum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugastumem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugatrip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugazälafided"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugazälasup"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugazälazibäd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugotavetot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugöf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugöfik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugön"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugön rituliko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugöp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slaughter, slaughtering"
],
"id": "en-pug-vo-noun-BGlNVntF",
"links": [
[
"slaughter",
"slaughter"
],
[
"slaughtering",
"slaughtering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butchery, butchering"
],
"id": "en-pug-vo-noun-6Cxqv~gu",
"links": [
[
"butchery",
"butchery"
],
[
"butchering",
"butchering"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[puɡ]"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (form)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Chinese pug"
},
{
"word": "chug"
},
{
"word": "jug"
},
{
"word": "pudge"
},
{
"word": "pugeranian"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pugged"
},
{
"word": "puggish"
},
{
"word": "puggishness"
},
{
"word": "puggle"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "puggy"
},
{
"word": "puglet"
},
{
"word": "puglike"
},
{
"word": "pug nose"
},
{
"word": "pug-nosed"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "pugship"
},
{
"word": "pug-ugly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "pugge",
"t": "(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "demon",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 1.8",
"name": "senseno"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.\nSense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata",
"word": "angle-barred pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata f. fraxinata",
"word": "ash pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila debiliata",
"word": "bilberry pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia expallidata",
"word": "bleached pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia succenturiata",
"word": "bordered pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia abbreviata",
"word": "brindled pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia denotata",
"word": "campanula pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia ultimaria",
"word": "Channel Islands pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia abietaria",
"word": "cloaked pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia vulgata",
"word": "common pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia assimilata",
"word": "currant pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia phoeniceata",
"word": "cypress pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Gymnoscelis rufifasciata",
"word": "double-striped pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tantillaria",
"word": "dwarf pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila muscosata",
"word": "emerald pug moth"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia massiliata",
"word": "Epping pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pulchellata",
"word": "foxglove pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia intricata",
"word": "Freyer's pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia virgaureata",
"word": "golden-rod pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia sinuosaria",
"word": "goosefoot pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia graefi",
"word": "Graef's pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia ravocostaliata",
"word": "great variegated pug"
},
{
"word": "green pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila rectangulata",
"word": "satin pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia subfuscata",
"word": "grey pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pernotata",
"word": "Guenée's pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia haworthiata",
"word": "Haworth's pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pusillata",
"word": "juniper pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia lariciata",
"word": "larch pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia annulata",
"word": "larch pug moth"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia plumbeolata",
"word": "lead-coloured pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia inturbata",
"word": "maple pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia irriguata",
"word": "marbled pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pygmaeata",
"word": "marsh pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia exiguata",
"word": "mottled pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia nanata",
"word": "narrow-winged pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia venosata",
"word": "netted pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia dodoneata",
"word": "oak-tree pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia indigata",
"word": "ochreous pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pauxillaria",
"word": "parsimonious pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia egenaria",
"word": "pauper pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia peckorum",
"word": "Peck's pug moth"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia pimpinellata",
"word": "pimpinel pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia insigniata",
"word": "pinion-spotted pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia simpliciata",
"word": "plain pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia satyrata",
"word": "satyr pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia extensaria",
"word": "scarce pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia subumbrata",
"word": "shaded pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tenuiata",
"word": "slender pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pasiphila chloerata",
"word": "sloe pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia innotata f. tamarisciata",
"word": "tamarisk pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia icterata",
"word": "tawny speckled pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia distinctaria",
"word": "thyme pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia linariata",
"word": "toadflax pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia trisignaria",
"word": "triple-spotted pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia valerianata",
"word": "valerian pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Chloroclystis v-ata",
"word": "v-pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Chloroclystis pallidiplaga",
"word": "white-shouldered pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia tripunctaria",
"word": "white-spotted pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia absinthiata",
"word": "wormwood pug"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eupithecia millefoliata",
"word": "yarrow pug"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740 (first performance), David Garrick, Lethe. A Dramatic Satire. […], Dublin: […] S. Powell, [f]or G. and A. Ewing, G. Faulkner, J. Hoey, J. Exshaw, J. Exdall, and R. James, […], published 1749, →OCLC, page 21:",
"text": "She […] tells Fibs, makes Miſchief, buys China, cheats at Cards, keeps a Pug-dog, and hates the Parſons; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Virginia Woolf, chapter II, in The Voyage Out, London: Duckworth & Co., […], →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "Meanwhile she arranged her ornaments in the room which she had won too easily. They were strange ornaments to bring on a sea-voyage—china pugs, tea-sets in miniature, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"pug dog",
"pugdog"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient#Adjective"
],
[
"breed",
"breed#Noun"
],
[
"originating",
"originate"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"snub nose",
"snub nose"
],
[
"wrinkled",
"wrinkled#Adjective"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
],
[
"squarish",
"squarish"
],
[
"body",
"body#Noun"
],
[
"short",
"short#Adjective"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth#Adjective"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#Noun"
],
[
"curled",
"curled#Adjective"
],
[
"tail",
"tail#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:dog"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carlin"
},
{
"word": "Chinese pug"
},
{
"word": "Dutch bulldog"
},
{
"word": "Dutch mastiff"
},
{
"word": "mini mastiff"
},
{
"word": "mops"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (tribe)"
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug moth, often with a descriptive word: any geometrid moth of the tribe Eupitheciini, especially the genus Eupithecia; a geometer moth."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"descriptive",
"descriptive#Adjective"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
],
[
"geometrid",
"geometrid#Adjective"
],
[
"moth",
"moth#Noun"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe#Noun"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Eupithecia",
"Eupithecia#Translingual"
],
[
"geometer moth",
"geometer moth"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:moth"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Headwear"
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug hood: a hood, sometimes with a short cloak attached, worn by women around the middle of the 18th century."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"hood",
"hood#Noun"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak#Noun"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"worn",
"wear#Verb"
],
[
"women",
"woman#Noun"
],
[
"middle",
"middle#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(clothing, historical) In full pug hood: a hood, sometimes with a short cloak attached, worn by women around the middle of the 18th century."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"In full pug engine: a small locomotive chiefly used for shunting (“moving trains from one track to another, or carriages from one train to another”)."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"locomotive",
"locomotive#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"shunting",
"shunting#English"
],
[
"moving",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"trains",
"train#Noun"
],
[
"track",
"track#Noun"
],
[
"carriage",
"carriage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(rail transport) In full pug engine: a small locomotive chiefly used for shunting (“moving trains from one track to another, or carriages from one train to another”)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:locomotive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Thomas Batchelor, “Live Stock”, in General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. […], London: […] [B. MᶜMillan] for Richard Phillips, […], →OCLC, section 2 (Sheep), page 541:",
"text": "It is to be observed in this experiment, […] that the loss of weight by feeding (tegs or pugs) on turnips, is remarkable: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"teg",
"teg#English"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep#Noun"
],
[
"ewe",
"ewe"
],
[
"second",
"second#Adjective"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"weaned",
"wean#Verb"
],
[
"first",
"first#Adverb"
],
[
"shorn",
"shear#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically) Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "teg"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 454:",
"text": "[…] I heard her call him dear pug, and found him to be her favourite monkey.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, Alexander Pope, The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace, […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] L[awton] G[illiver] and sold by A. Dodd […], E[lizabeth] Nutt […], →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "Its proper Povver to hurt, each Creature feels, / Bulls aim their Horns, and Aſſes lift their Heels, / 'Tis a Bear's Talent not to kick, but hug, / And no Man vvonders he's not ſtung by Pug: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1753 (indicated as 1754), [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLIII. Lady G. to Lady Grandison.”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by C. Hitch and L. Hawes, […], →OCLC, page 211:",
"text": "Take avvay the pug, ſaid I, to the attendants—Take it avvay vvhile any of it is left—They reſcued the ſtill ſmiling babe, and run avvay vvith it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Tristia; or, The Sorrows of Peter: […]. Elegy.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume V, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 297:",
"text": "Or, is the Monkey sick, he takes his bed; / Old Slop is sent for, to prescribe for Pug.— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"ape",
"ape#Noun"
],
[
"monkey",
"monkey"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"child",
"child#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically, obsolete) An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, [Maria] Edgeworth, “The Absentee. Chapter VIII.”, in Tales of Fashionable Life (2nd series), volume VI, London: […] [Heney] for J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 93–94:",
"text": "[T]here is a dead silence, till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in: then cheer the hounds with tally ho! till your lungs crack. Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, [Charles Kingsley], “The Philosophy of Fox-hunting”, in Yeast: A Problem. […], London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1851, →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "That spell was broken by the sight of poor wearied pug, his once gracefully-floating brush all draggled and drooping, as he toiled up the sheep-paths toward the open down above.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"A fox."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
],
[
"fox",
"fox#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.",
"(specifically, obsolete) A fox."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1685 July (first performance), N[ahum] Tate, Cuckolds-Haven: Or, An Alderman No Conjurer. A Farce. […], London: […] J. H. and are to be sold by Edward Poole, […], published 1685, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:",
"text": "Dear, delicate Madam, I am your little Paraquit, your Sparrovv, your Shock, your Pugg, your Squirrel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Shrew Mouse, or Rana, and Squirrels”, in Birds, Beasts and Fishes of the Norfolk Broadland, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 363:",
"text": "Squirrels / Are not uncommon in the plantings on the broad edges, where they may be seen feeding on the deal-apples, as the Broadsmen call the fir-cones; nuts and acorns too they are fond of. […] Stoats sometimes chase them, but \"pug\" generally manages to escape, an[d] he can get to a tree first—he is a much more daring jumper.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"proper name",
"proper name"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"ferret",
"ferret#Noun"
],
[
"hare",
"hare#Noun"
],
[
"squirrel",
"squirrel#Noun"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"salmon",
"salmon#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with rare senses",
"Regional English"
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A person or thing that is squat (“broad and short”)."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"squat",
"squat#English"
],
[
"broad",
"broad#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(UK, regional, rare) A person or thing that is squat (“broad and short”)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"rare",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Regional English"
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A bun or knot of hair; also, a piece of cloth or snood for holding this in place."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"bun",
"bun#Noun"
],
[
"knot",
"knot#Noun"
],
[
"piece",
"piece#Noun"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"snood",
"snood#Noun"
],
[
"holding",
"hold#Verb"
],
[
"in place",
"in place"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(US, regional) A bun or knot of hair; also, a piece of cloth or snood for holding this in place."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1616 October or November (first performance), Ben Jonson, “The Persons of the Play”, in The Diuell is an Asse: A Comedie […], London: […] I. B. for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "Satan. The great diuell. / Pvg. The leſſe diuell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1635, Tho[mas] Heywood, “The Ninth Tractat: The Angell”, in The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angells. […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 574:",
"text": "In Iohn Mileſius any man may reade / Of Diuels in Sarmatia honored, / Call'd Kottri, or Kibaldi; ſuch as vvee / Pugs and Hob-goblins call.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “Canto I”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Simon Miller, […], →OCLC, page 82:",
"text": "This is your Buſineſs Good Pug Robin, / And your Diverſion, dull Dry Bobbing: / T' intice Fanaticks in the Dirt, / And vvaſh 'em clean in Ditches for't.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"A small demon; an imp, a puck, a sprite."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"imp",
"imp#Noun"
],
[
"puck",
"puck#Noun"
],
[
"sprite",
"sprite#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to someone or something small.",
"(obsolete) A small demon; an imp, a puck, a sprite."
],
"senseid": [
"en:demon"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goblin"
},
{
"word": "hobgoblin"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, E[rnest] S[ackville] Turner, “The Female Branch”, in What the Butler Saw: Two Hundred and Fifty Years of the Servant Problem, London: Michael Joseph, →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "Procedure would vary a little from household to household. Thus, the roast might be ceremonially borne out ahead of the departing ‘Pugs,’ or it might be left behind so that the lower servants could have second helpings.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"Chiefly used by servants: A senior or upper servant in a household."
],
"links": [
[
"servants",
"servant#Noun"
],
[
"senior",
"senior#Adjective"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#Adjective"
],
[
"household",
"household#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(UK, historical) Chiefly used by servants: A senior or upper servant in a household."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 October 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Robert Cecil, “[Letter] X”, in John MacLean, editor, Letters from Sir Robert Cecil to Sir George Carew (Camden Series; 88), [London]: […] [John Bowyer Nichols and Sons] for the Camden Society, published 1864, →OCLC, page 33:",
"text": "[R]emember the Lo[rd] Admyrall [Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham] and the Lord Threasurer [Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset] with a couple of Pugges or some vscough baugh [i.e., usquebaugh or whiskey] or some such toyes, it would shew that you do not neglect them, whoe, I protest, are to you wonderfull kynde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1604 (first performance), Tho[mas] Dekker, Iohn Webster [i.e., John Webster], West-ward Hoe. […], London: […] [William Jaggard], and to be sold by Iohn Hodgets […], published 1607, →OCLC, Act II, signature D, recto:",
"text": "So euery lip has his Lettice to himſelfe: […] the VVeſterne-man his Pug, the Seruing-man his Punke, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart] and [Peter Anthony Motteux], “How Gargantua was Carried Eleven Moneths in His Mothers Belly”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, book the first, page 17:",
"text": "In the vigor of his age he married Gargamelle, daughter to the King of the Parpaillons, a jolly pug, and well mouthed wench.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: […] Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act III, scene [i], page 25:",
"text": "[C]ome, let's to bed—you Fubbs, you Pugg you—you little Puſs—Purree Tuzzey—I am a Senator.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A mistress, or a female prostitute; also (generally, derogatory) a woman."
],
"links": [
[
"mistress",
"mistress#Noun"
],
[
"female",
"female#Adjective"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute#Noun"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"A mistress, or a female prostitute; also (generally, derogatory) a woman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prostitute"
},
{
"word": "woman"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English endearing terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1600 or 1601 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], Antonios Reuenge. The Second Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, and are to be soulde [by Matthew Lownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv, signatures F3, verso – F3, recto:",
"text": "I haue had foure huſbands my ſelfe. The firſt I called, Svveete Duck, the ſecond, Deare Heart; the third, Prettie Pugge: But the fourth, moſt ſvveete, deare, prettie, all in all: he vvas the verie cockeall of a huſband.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature [C4], recto:",
"text": "She ſings. / VVell met, pug, the pearle of beauty: vmh, vmh. / Hovv novv ſir knave, you forget your dutie, vmh, vmh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, Randle Cotgrave, compiler, “Marmouselle”, in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, signature [Eee vi], verso, column 1:",
"text": "Marmouſelle: f. A little puppie, or pug to play vvith.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A term of endearment for a person, or sometimes an animal or a toy such as a doll."
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"term of endearment",
"term of endearment#English"
],
[
"toy",
"toy#Noun"
],
[
"doll",
"doll#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(endearing) A term of endearment for a person, or sometimes an animal or a toy such as a doll."
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, signature G, verso:",
"text": "Dares […] [W]ilt thou neuer trauell? / Epi[ton]. Yes in a VVeſterne barge, vvhen vvith a good vvinde and luſtie pugges, one may goe ten miles in tvvo daies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, [Thomas Dekker], The Wonderfull Yeare. […], London: […] by [J. Browne, Nicholas Ling, and John Smethwick for?] Thomas Creede, […], →OCLC, signature F3, verso:",
"text": "[E]uen the Weſterne Pugs receiuing mony here, haue tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and ſo trailed it through the Thames, leaſt pleague ſores ſticking vpon ſhillings, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1607–1610 (date written), Thomas Middleton; Thomas Dekker, The Roaring Girle. Or Moll Cut-purse. […], London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Thomas Archer, […], published 1611, →OCLC, [Act IV], signature I3, recto:",
"text": "Puſh^([sic – meaning pish]); your VVeſterne pug [misprinted as png].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A bargeman."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bargeman",
"bargeman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(nautical) A bargeman."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bargee"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1681 (date written), Samuel Butler, “Satyr”, in R[obert] Thyer, editor, The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler, […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1759, →OCLC, page 77, lines 143–146:",
"text": "[Ulysses] ty'd his deafen'd Sailors (vvhile he paſs'd / The dreadful Lady's Lodgings) to the Maſt, / And rather venture drovvning, than to vvrong / The Sea-pugs chaſte Ears vvith a bavvdy Song: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin boy",
"cabin boy"
],
[
"shipboy",
"shipboy"
],
[
"ship's boy",
"ship's boy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Senses relating to people.",
"(obsolete)",
"(nautical) A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopshond"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bāk",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَاك"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bāgēquǎn",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "巴哥犬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "哈巴狗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "哈巴犬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mopsl"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mops"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopshond"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopso"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopsi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mops"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mopshund"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopsz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopszli"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "pug"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "mopso"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smutmhadra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlino"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pagu",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "パグ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "peogeu",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "퍼그"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pâg",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "پاگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pug"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doguillo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carlino"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mops"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bpák",
"sense": "small dog",
"word": "ปั๊ก"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mops",
"sense": "small dog",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мопс"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hood worn by women",
"word": "huppuhuivi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon",
"word": "pentu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or thing that is squat",
"word": "pätkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "senior or upper servant in a household",
"word": "ylipalvelija"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English acronyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pickup group"
},
"expansion": "Acronym of pickup group",
"name": "acronym"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Acronym of pickup group.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid",
"word": "PuG"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Video games"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative letter-case form of PuG (“a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid”)"
],
"links": [
[
"online",
"online"
],
[
"gaming",
"gaming#Noun"
],
[
"PuG",
"PuG#English"
],
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"players",
"player#Noun"
],
[
"unknown",
"unknown#Adjective"
],
[
"grouped",
"group#Verb"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"short-term",
"short-term"
],
[
"goal",
"goal#Noun"
],
[
"completing",
"complete#Verb"
],
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon#Noun"
],
[
"raid",
"raid#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(online gaming) Alternative letter-case form of PuG (“a group of players who are unknown to each other, grouped together to work toward a short-term goal such as completing a dungeon or a raid”)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"games",
"gaming"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugmark"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"4": "*gʷem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "hi",
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"t": "step; (less common) foot; leg"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sa",
"3": "पद्ग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पद्ग (padga)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"t": "to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compound"
},
"expansion": "compound",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-",
"t": "to step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
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},
{
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},
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"name": "sup"
},
{
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},
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},
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},
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”), from Old Hindi पगु (pagu), from Sanskrit पद्ग (padga), from पद् (pad, “step; foot”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)) + ग (ga, stem at the ends of compounds denoting going or moving) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British India English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851 July, Captain Hardbargain [pseudonym], “A Jungle Recollection”, in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, volume XLIV, number CCLIX, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, page 19, column 2:",
"text": "[T]here were the broad, deep puggs of a tiger, up and down the nullah, in the dry sand, near the water's edge, of all ages, from the week, perhaps, up to the unmistakeable fresh puggs of last night.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1889, R[obert] S[tephenson] S[myth] Baden-Powell, “Rearing Pig”, in Pigsticking or Hoghunting. […], London: Harrison & Sons, […], →OCLC, § 27, page 55:",
"text": "The goat has a square pug with blunt points to his toes, which are always held apart. The sheep's pug is more like that of the boar, being longer than the goat's. […] The boar's pug is distinguished from that of the sow by being much wider in the heel, and having the toes more open, and the rudimentary toes marking the ground more widely apart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Nadine Gordimer, “Spoils”, in Jump and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, →ISBN, page 174:",
"text": "[D]istinct pugs are found in the dust that surrounds the small swimming-pool which, like amniotic fluid, steeps the guests at their own body temperature. The host is not surprised; it has happened before: the lionesses must have come down to quench their thirst their feasting had given them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The footprint or pawprint of an animal; a pugmark."
],
"links": [
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
],
[
"pawprint",
"pawprint"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"pugmark",
"pugmark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally British India) The footprint or pawprint of an animal; a pugmark."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Hindi",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"4": "*gʷem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "पगु"
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi पगु (pagu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "पद्ग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पद्ग (padga)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-",
"t": "to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stem"
},
"expansion": "stem",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "compound"
},
"expansion": "compound",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷem-",
"t": "to step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
"expansion": "⁴",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is borrowed from Hindi पग (pag, “step; (less common) foot; leg”), from Old Hindi पगु (pagu), from Sanskrit पद्ग (padga), from पद् (pad, “step; foot”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step; to walk; to fall; to stumble”)) + ग (ga, stem at the ends of compounds denoting going or moving) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (third-person singular simple present pugs, present participle pugging, simple past and past participle pugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British India English",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, R[obert] S[tephenson] S[myth] Baden-Powell, “Rearing Pig”, in Pigsticking or Hoghunting. […], London: Harrison & Sons, […], →OCLC, § 27, page 57:",
"text": "Wishing to track a good boar that had got away through some thick cover, we called up the headman of the beat (a man lent to us by a friend) and asked him if he could pug. He was a havildar (sergeant) of police. He replied, 'That is my regular business, sahib; of course I can pug. My work is pugging criminals.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To track (an animal) by following pawprints; also (by extension) to track (a person) by following footprints."
],
"links": [
[
"track",
"track#Verb"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#Noun"
],
[
"following",
"follow#Verb"
],
[
"pawprint",
"pawprint"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British India, obsolete, rare) To track (an animal) by following pawprints; also (by extension) to track (a person) by following footprints."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"India",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
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"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
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"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
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},
"expansion": "",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "pugilist"
},
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"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "⁵",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of pugilist.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer",
"word": "pugilist"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924 July, John Buchan, “Sir Archibald Roylance Puts His Foot in It”, in The Three Hostages, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 212:",
"text": "Anyhow I found myself facin' the pug, seein' bright red, and inclined to fight a dozen. I didn't last for more than one round—my game leg cramped me, I suppose. I got one or two on his ugly face, and then I suppose I took a knock-out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Ken Blady, “‘Slapsie’ Maxie Rosenbloom: ‘The Harlem Harlequin’: Light Heavyweight Champion of the World (1930–1935)”, in The Jewish Boxers Hall of Fame, New York, N.Y.: Shapolsky Publishers, →ISBN, page 226:",
"text": "He [Maxie Rosenbloom] never trained for his characters either: with his slurred speech and disfigured mug he usually portrayed a punch-drunk ex-pug or comic tough guy, roles in which he was a natural.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of pugilist (“one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer”)."
],
"links": [
[
"pugilist",
"pugilist#English"
],
[
"fights",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"fists",
"fist#Noun"
],
[
"professional",
"professional#Adjective"
],
[
"prize fighter",
"prize fighter"
],
[
"boxer",
"boxer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Clipping of pugilist (“one who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Ceramics",
"en:Construction",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
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"en:Occupations",
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"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "pugged"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "pugging"
},
{
"word": "puggle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
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},
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
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"2": "puggen",
"t": "to hit hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pucken",
"t": "to beat, thump"
},
"expansion": "German pucken (“to beat, thump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "imitative",
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly:\n* related to southern Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”), German pucken (“to beat, thump”), possibly ultimately imitative; or\n* related to poke (verb).\nIt is also uncertain whether the various senses are derived from the same source.\nThe origin of the noun is also uncertain; it is probably related to the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (third-person singular simple present pugs, present participle pugging, simple past and past participle pugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “The Middlesex Election; or, Poetical Epistles, in the Devonshire Dialect, by Mr. Joseph Budge, in London, to Lord Rolle, at Weymouth”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 442:",
"text": "Agosh! I long to try a bout / With zom o' Burdett's rabble rout; / I'd quickly pug their guts: / I'd gee mun zich a lammin [i.e., violent] lick, / I'd make mun of elections zick; / I'd gee mun all the butts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit or punch (someone or something); also, to poke (someone or something)."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit#Verb"
],
[
"punch",
"punch#Verb"
],
[
"poke",
"poke#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(rare) To hit or punch (someone or something); also, to poke (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Construction"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Lord Auckland’s Triumph; or, The Death of Crim. Con. A Pair of Prophetic Odes. Elegy to a Friend.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 312:",
"text": "Forbid it Venus! From the venal Fair / Snatch every charm, to Hay convert her Locks; / Pug up her nose, and pug-like make her stare; / And pit her pimpled visage with small-pox.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fill or stop up (a space) with pug (noun sense 1), clay, sawdust, or other material by tamping; (specifically) to fill in (the space between joists of a floor, a partition, etc.) with some material to deaden sound, make fireproof, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"fill",
"fill#Verb"
],
[
"stop up",
"stop up"
],
[
"space",
"space#Noun"
],
[
"clay",
"clay#Noun"
],
[
"sawdust",
"sawdust#Noun"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
],
[
"tamping",
"tamp#Verb"
],
[
"joists",
"joist#Noun"
],
[
"floor",
"floor#Noun"
],
[
"partition",
"partition#Noun"
],
[
"deaden",
"deaden"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"fireproof",
"fireproof#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(construction) To fill or stop up (a space) with pug (noun sense 1), clay, sawdust, or other material by tamping; (specifically) to fill in (the space between joists of a floor, a partition, etc.) with some material to deaden sound, make fireproof, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Ceramics",
"en:Construction"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to pug clay ready for shaping",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"mix",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"work",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"wet",
"wet#Adjective"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#Adjective"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#Adjective"
],
[
"free",
"free#Adjective"
],
[
"air pocket",
"air pocket"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"bricks",
"brick#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "pottery",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(construction, pottery) To mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"New Zealand English"
],
"glosses": [
"Of cattle, etc.: to trample (the ground, a place, etc.) until it becomes muddy and soft; to poach."
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"trample",
"trample#Verb"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"muddy",
"muddy"
],
[
"poach",
"poach#Verb 2"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(chiefly Australia, New Zealand, archaic) Of cattle, etc.: to trample (the ground, a place, etc.) until it becomes muddy and soft; to poach."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English English",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"Regional English"
],
"glosses": [
"To pack or tamp (something) into a small space."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"pack",
"pack#Verb"
],
[
"small",
"small#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(England, regional, also figurative, archaic) To pack or tamp (something) into a small space."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"regional",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English English",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"Regional English"
],
"glosses": [
"To pack or tamp into a small space."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, England, regional, also figurative, archaic) To pack or tamp into a small space."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"also",
"archaic",
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mix and work (wet clay) until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets",
"word": "vaivata"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Ceramics",
"en:Construction",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pug and pine"
},
{
"word": "pugger"
},
{
"word": "puggy"
},
{
"word": "pugmill"
},
{
"word": "pug mill"
},
{
"word": "pug soil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "puggen",
"t": "to hit hard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pucken",
"t": "to beat, thump"
},
"expansion": "German pucken (“to beat, thump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "4"
},
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly:\n* related to southern Dutch puggen (“to hit hard”), German pucken (“to beat, thump”), possibly ultimately imitative; or\n* related to poke (verb).\nIt is also uncertain whether the various senses are derived from the same source.\nThe origin of the noun is also uncertain; it is probably related to the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "construction"
},
{
"form": "pottery"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "pug (countable and uncountable, plural pugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Mr. Dean, witness, “Children’s Employment Commission (1862). Fifth Report of the Commissioners, […]. [Appendix to Fifth Report. Reports and Evidence of Assistant Commissioners. Evidence on Brickfields.—By Mr. H. W. Lord.]”, in Reports from Commissioners: […] (No. 3678), volume XXIV, London: […] George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […] for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →OCLC, paragraph 40, page 143, column 1:",
"text": "A brickfield certainly is not the place for girls and young women to work in; […] the work they have too, at least those who are pug-bearers, often causes indecency; they have to stoop down to the ground to pick the pug up from the bottom of the mill; at all events, they ought to have their clothes tied around them, indeed, the respectable young women usually have. I do not think there is any ill-treatment of the children as there used to be; they often get a bit of pug thrown at them, but they are not hit about with the hand or the \"slice.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Mrs. Edward Millett, chapter III, in An Australian Parsonage; or, The Settler and the Savage in Western Australia, London: Edward Stanford, […], →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "The walls of the house were built of \"pug,\" which means simply well-pounded mud, and has the disadvantage of refusing to adhere firmly to the frames of doors and casements, so that the banging of either, in windy weather, is apt to bring large pieces of the material crumbling down, and the house never looks tidy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clay, soil, or other material which has been mixed and worked until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and thus suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc.; also, any other material with a similar consistency or function, especially (Australia) auriferous (“gold-bearing”) clay."
],
"links": [
[
"Clay",
"clay#Noun"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
],
[
"mixed",
"mix#Verb"
],
[
"worked",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#Adjective"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#Adjective"
],
[
"free",
"free#Adjective"
],
[
"air pocket",
"air pocket"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"bricks",
"brick#Noun"
],
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"consistency",
"consistency"
],
[
"function",
"function#Noun"
],
[
"auriferous",
"auriferous#English"
],
[
"gold-bearing",
"gold-bearing"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:material"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kind of mill for grinding, mixing, and working clay",
"word": "pug mill"
}
],
"categories": [
"English short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for pug mill (“kind of mill for grinding, mixing, and working clay”)."
],
"links": [
[
"pug mill",
"pug mill#English"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"mill",
"mill#Noun"
],
[
"grinding",
"grind#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clay, soil, or other material which has been mixed and worked until flexible, soft, and free from air pockets and thus suitable for making bricks, pottery, etc.; any other material with a similar consistency or function",
"word": "vaivattu savi"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English English",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Regional English",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Female animals",
"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Origin unknown"
},
"expansion": "Origin unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "soil"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown; sense 1.2 (“to spoil (something) by touching too much”) is possibly influenced by pug (verb, noun) (see etymology 5) or puggy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717 April 10 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Edward Turner, quoting [the anonymous diarist], “The Marchant Diary”, in Sussex Archaeological Collections, […], volume XIII (2nd Series; volume XXV overall), Lewes, Sussex: George P. Bacon for the Sussex Archaeological Society, published 1873, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 180:",
"text": "George pugg'd clover in the forenoon.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Nothing was prospering there and thriving, / But tirling [stripping] roofs and rafter-riving [rending], / And pulling down and pugging; […]",
"ref": "[1827, M. W. T. [i.e., William Tennant], “Sang Saxt [Song Sixth]”, in Papistry Storm’d; or, The Dingin’ Down o’ the Cathedral. […] (in Scots), Edinburgh: […] Oliver and Boyd, […], →OCLC, page 211:",
"text": "Nae thing was prosperin’ there and thrivin’, / But tirlin’ roofs and rafter-rivin’, / And pullin’ down and puggin’; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1875, A. Porson, “Dialogues in which Some of These Expressions Occur”, in Notes of Quaint Words and Sayings in the Dialect of South Worcestershire, Oxford, Oxfordshire; London: James Parker and Co. […], →OCLC, paragraph 56, page 29:",
"text": "Now, surry [sir], where be you coming scoating [sliding] to with that 'orse? Pug your right rein a bit, and give we some room.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pull or tug (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
],
[
"tug",
"tug#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To pull or tug (something)."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885, E. Cruwys Sharland, chapter IV, in Ways and Means in a Devonshire Village. A Book for Mothers’ Meetings. […], London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "[\"B]e sure not to wet it up too much; make it into twelve doughboys\" (dumplings). / \"I'm so heavy-handed,\" Jane remarked at this point, \"I always spoil that sort of cookery.\" / \"Tell about heavy-handed!\" cried Betsy; \"I'll answer for it, I'll soon put you in the way of being light-handed! You only want to learn to handle things without pugging and pawing them about too much.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spoil (something) by touching too much."
],
"links": [
[
"spoil",
"spoil#Verb"
],
[
"touching",
"touch#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(obsolete) To spoil (something) by touching too much."
],
"senseid": [
"en:soil"
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by at: to pull or tug."
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at#Preposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Followed by at: to pull or tug."
],
"tags": [
"England",
"Scotland",
"Wales",
"Western",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"en:Agriculture",
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"en:Female people",
"en:Foxes",
"en:Geometrid moths",
"en:Hair",
"en:Mythological creatures",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Primates",
"en:Prostitution",
"en:Servants",
"en:Sheep",
"en:Toy dogs"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pugge",
"t": "husk of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pugge (“husk of grain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English pugge (“husk of grain”); further etymology unknown, possibly related to pug (verb) (see etymology 5). However, the latter is only attested much later.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English English",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The residue left after pressing apples for cider; pomace."
],
"links": [
[
"Southwest",
"southwest#Adjective"
],
[
"residue",
"residue"
],
[
"left",
"leave#Verb"
],
[
"pressing",
"press#Verb"
],
[
"apples",
"apple#Noun"
],
[
"cider",
"cider"
],
[
"pomace",
"pomace"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southwest England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southwest England, archaic) The residue left after pressing apples for cider; pomace."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"countable",
"regional",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XIX.] Garden Plants, Their Natures, Kinds, and Severall Histories.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 17:",
"text": "Radiſh ſeed vvould vvillingly be ſovvne in a looſe or light ground, and natherleſſe moiſt enough: it cannot abide danke mucke, but contenteth it ſelfe vvith rotten chaffe or pugs, and ſuch like plaine mullock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[a. 1640 (date written), John Smyth, “[Phrases and Proverbs of Speach Proper to This Hundred]”, in John MacLean, editor, The Berkeley Manuscripts: A Description of the Hundred of Berkeley in the County of Gloucester and of Its Inhabitants, volume III, Gloucester, Gloucestershire: […] John Bellows for the subscribers, published 1885, →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "The pugg, i.e. the refuſe corne left at winnowinge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often in the plural: the husks and other refuse removed from grain by winnowing; chaff."
],
"links": [
[
"husks",
"husk#Noun"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse#Noun"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#Verb"
],
[
"grain",
"grain#Noun"
],
[
"winnowing",
"winnow#Verb"
],
[
"chaff",
"chaff#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Often in the plural: the husks and other refuse removed from grain by winnowing; chaff."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"obsolete",
"regional",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pŭg",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pug.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugs",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "puges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o pug!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o pugs!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "pugs",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pug (nominative plural pugs)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pug (nominative plural pugs)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "benohipugan"
},
{
"word": "benojipugan"
},
{
"word": "benopugan"
},
{
"word": "benopugön"
},
{
"word": "hipugan"
},
{
"word": "jevodihipugan"
},
{
"word": "jevodijipugan"
},
{
"word": "jevodipugan"
},
{
"word": "jipugan"
},
{
"word": "mipug"
},
{
"word": "mipugam"
},
{
"word": "mipugön"
},
{
"word": "pugadel"
},
{
"word": "pugamaskar"
},
{
"word": "pugamastan"
},
{
"word": "pugahimastan"
},
{
"word": "pugajimastan"
},
{
"word": "pugam"
},
{
"word": "pugamon"
},
{
"word": "pugan"
},
{
"word": "puganacüd"
},
{
"word": "puganeif"
},
{
"word": "pug ritulik"
},
{
"word": "pugasakrifot"
},
{
"word": "pugastum"
},
{
"word": "pugastumem"
},
{
"word": "pugatrip"
},
{
"word": "pugazälafided"
},
{
"word": "pugazälasup"
},
{
"word": "pugazälazibäd"
},
{
"word": "pugotavetot"
},
{
"word": "pugöf"
},
{
"word": "pugöfik"
},
{
"word": "pugön"
},
{
"word": "pugön rituliko"
},
{
"word": "pugöp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slaughter, slaughtering"
],
"links": [
[
"slaughter",
"slaughter"
],
[
"slaughtering",
"slaughtering"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"butchery, butchering"
],
"links": [
[
"butchery",
"butchery"
],
[
"butchering",
"butchering"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[puɡ]"
}
],
"word": "pug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pug meaning in All languages combined (76.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Also used as a proper name: an'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"pug"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: agriculture",
"path": [
"pug"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pug",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.